Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 83 in total

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  1. Zakiyah, L.K., Gui, M.M., Foo, R.S., Mohamed, A.R., Chai, S.P.
    ASM Science Journal, 2011;5(2):91-100.
    MyJurnal
    The functionalization of pristine CNTs is necessary for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to be fully utilized, with the aim of increasing the nanotube reactivity and solubility in aqueous solutions. In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized with a carboxylic group as this was an important step prior to application. The carboxylic group-functionalization was conducted through acid treatment, using sulphuric and nitric acids mixed at a ratio of 3:1 (v/v) and sonication for 30 min under different temperatures and time durations. The functionalization conditions of 50ºC x 5 h and 60ºC x 3 h were identified to be most suitable for introducing a carboxylic group onto the nanotube surfaces. The percentage of total weight loss due to the carboxylic group on the MWCNTs treated at 50ºC x 5 h and 60ºC x 3 h obtained from the thermogravimetric analysis was 13.26% and 13.76%, respectively. For both samples, peaks corresponding to the carboxylic group were identified in the FT-IR spectra. The changes in the morphology of the treated MWCNTs were also observed under SEM analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
  2. Saricilar EC, Hamizan A, Alvarado R, Rimmer J, Sewell W, Tatersall J, et al.
    Am J Rhinol Allergy, 2018 Jul;32(4):244-251.
    PMID: 29785855 DOI: 10.1177/1945892418777668
    Background Rhinitis is a highly prevalent yet often misdiagnosed condition. Patients who have local allergic rhinitis are regularly mislabeled as having a nonallergic etiology. Thus, a highly accurate, reproducible, and noninvasive assessment, which can be performed quickly and with minimal discomfort to the patient, is required. Objective The aim of this research was to identify the efficiency of various nasal brushes as tools for harvest and collection of epithelial proteins and its suitability for identification of rhinitis. Methods Nasal epithelial mucosa samples were taken from patients undergoing turbinate surgery using a cytology brush, a dental brush, and a nasal curette in random order. After washing in phosphate-buffered saline, the suspended cells were sonicated. Total protein content was assessed for all samples by bicinchoninic acid assay measured using a Nanodrop machine. Identification of nasal-specific immunoglobulin E (spIgE) was then assessed using immunoassay and compared to the patient's allergic status from epicutaneous and serum testing. The lower threshold limit for the spIgE in nasal brushings was determined using the results of serum spIgE tests as the reference. The diagnostic accuracy of this new established cutoff value was determined. Results The cytology brush was found to be the optimal tool for maximal nasal mucosa protein collection followed by dental brush and nasal curette (0.75 ± 0.45 mg/mL vs 0.43 ± 0.24 mg/mL vs 0.071 ± 0.55 mg/mL, respectively; P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
  3. Low SS, Tan MT, Loh HS, Khiew PS, Chiu WS
    Anal Chim Acta, 2016 Jan 15;903:131-41.
    PMID: 26709306 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.006
    Graphene/zinc oxide nanocomposite was synthesised via a facile, green and efficient approach consisted of novel liquid phase exfoliation and solvothermal growth for sensing application. Highly pristine graphene was synthesised through mild sonication treatment of graphite in a mixture of ethanol and water at an optimum ratio. The X-ray diffractometry (XRD) affirmed the hydrothermal growth of pure zinc oxide nanoparticles from zinc nitrate hexahydrate precursor. The as-prepared graphene/zinc oxide (G/ZnO) nanocomposite was characterised comprehensively to evaluate its morphology, crystallinity, composition and purity. All results clearly indicate that zinc oxide particles were homogenously distributed on graphene sheets, without any severe aggregation. The electrochemical performance of graphene/zinc oxide nanocomposite-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry analysis. The resulting electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a linear range of 1-15 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9977. The sensitivity of the graphene/zinc oxide nanocomposite-modified hydrogen peroxide sensor was 3.2580 μAmM(-1) with a limit of detection of 7.4357 μM. An electrochemical DNA sensor platform was then fabricated for the detection of Avian Influenza H5 gene based on graphene/zinc oxide nanocomposite. The results obtained from amperometry study indicate that the graphene/zinc oxide nanocomposite-enhanced electrochemical DNA biosensor is significantly more sensitive (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
  4. Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZ, Karimi E, Rahmat A
    PMID: 25169626 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-318
    Extraction prior to component analysis is the primary step in the recovery and isolation of bioactive phytochemicals from plant materials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
  5. Saeedfar K, Heng LY, Chiang CP
    Bioelectrochemistry, 2017 Dec;118:106-113.
    PMID: 28780443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.07.012
    Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified to design a new DNA biosensor. Functionalized MWCNTs were equipped with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) (~15nm) (GNP-MWCNTCOOH) to construct DNA biosensors based on carbon-paste screen-printed (SPE) electrodes. GNP attachment onto functionalized MWCNTs was carried out by microwave irradiation and was confirmed by spectroscopic studies and surface analysis. DNA biosensors based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were constructed by immobilizing thiolated single-stranded DNA probes onto GNP-MWCNTCOOH. Ruthenium (III) chloride hexaammoniate [Ru(NH3)6,2Cl(-)] (RuHex) was used as hybridization redox indicator. RuHex and MWCNT interaction was low in compared to other organic redox hybridization indicators. The linear response range for DNA determination was 1×10(-21) to 1×10(-9)M with a lower detection limit of 1.55×10(-21)M. Thus, the attachment of GNPs onto functionalized MWCNTs yielded sensitive DNA biosensor with low detection limit and stability more than 30days. Constructed electrode was used to determine gender of arowana fish.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
  6. Ma NL, Teh KY, Lam SS, Kaben AM, Cha TS
    Bioresour Technol, 2015 Aug;190:536-42.
    PMID: 25812996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.036
    This study demonstrates the use of NMR techniques coupled with chemometric analysis as a high throughput data mining method to identify and examine the efficiency of different disruption techniques tested on microalgae (Chlorella variabilis, Scenedesmus regularis and Ankistrodesmus gracilis). The yield and chemical diversity from the disruptions together with the effects of pre-oven and pre-freeze drying prior to disruption techniques were discussed. HCl extraction showed the highest recovery of oil compounds from the disrupted microalgae (up to 90%). In contrast, NMR analysis showed the highest intensity of bioactive metabolites obtained for homogenized extracts pre-treated with freeze-drying, indicating that homogenizing is a more favorable approach to recover bioactive substances from the disrupted microalgae. The results show the potential of NMR as a useful metabolic fingerprinting tool for assessing compound diversity in complex microalgae extracts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication/methods*
  7. Chia SR, Chew KW, Show PL, Xia A, Ho SH, Lim JW
    Bioresour Technol, 2019 Oct;289:121727.
    PMID: 31279318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121727
    In this present study, microalgal phycobiliproteins were isolated and purified via potential biphasic processing technique for pharmaceutical as well as food applications. The algal pre-treatment techniques were studied to enhance the yield of microalgal phycobiliproteins from the biomass. The proposed methods were optimised to obtain the best recovery yield of phycobiliproteins that can be isolated from the biomass. The phycobiliproteins were further purified using liquid biphasic system. The results showed that microalgal phycobiliproteins of high purity and yield was achieved using sonication treatment (20% power, 50% duty cycle and 7 min of irradiation time) with the biphasic system, where the purification fold of 6.17 and recovery yield of 94.89% was achieved. This work will provide insights towards the effective downstream processing of biomolecules from microalgae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
  8. Koyande AK, Chew KW, Lim JW, Lam MK, Ho YC, Show PL
    Bioresour Technol, 2020 May;303:122931.
    PMID: 32044648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122931
    The aim of this work was to study the ultrasonication-assisted Liquid Tri-phasic Flotation (LTF) System to obtain lipid and protein from microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana in a single step as a novel process. In the current study, biorefinery of Chlorella sorokiniana was performed using LTF system in a single step. The highest protein recovery of 97.43 ± 1.67% and lipid recovery of 69.50 ± 0.54% were obtained. The corresponding parameters were microalgae biomass loading of 0.5 w/v%, ammonium sulphate concentration of 40 w/v%, volume ratio of 1:1.5 (salt:alcohol), ultrasonication pulse mode of 20 s ON/20 s OFF at 20% amplitude for 5 mins, flotation air flowrate of 100 mL/min. Additionally, recycling of alcohol phase to study the circular nature of proposed biorefinery was investigated. The proposed LTF system for extraction of proteins and lipid reduces the number of operation units required in this biorefinery approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
  9. Geetha Bai R, Muthoosamy K, Zhou M, Ashokkumar M, Huang NM, Manickam S
    Biosens Bioelectron, 2017 Jan 15;87:622-629.
    PMID: 27616288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.003
    In this study, a sonochemical approach was utilised for the development of graphene-gold (G-Au) nanocomposite. Through the sonochemical method, simultaneous exfoliation of graphite and the reduction of gold chloride occurs to produce highly crystalline G-Au nanocomposite. The in situ growth of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) took place on the surface of exfoliated few-layer graphene sheets. The G-Au nanocomposite was characterised by UV-vis, XRD, FTIR, TEM, XPS and Raman spectroscopy techniques. This G-Au nanocomposite was used to modify glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to fabricate an electrochemical sensor for the selective detection of nitric oxide (NO), a critical cancer biomarker. G-Au modified GCE exhibited an enhanced electrocatalytic response towards the oxidation of NO as compared to other control electrodes. The electrochemical detection of NO was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry analysis, utilising the G-Au modified GCE in a linear range of 10-5000μM which exhibited a limit of detection of 0.04μM (S/N=3). Furthermore, this enzyme-free G-Au/GCE exhibited an excellent selectivity towards NO in the presence of interferences. The synergistic effect of graphene and AuNPs, which facilitated exceptional electron-transfer processes between the electrolyte and the GCE thereby improving the sensing performance of the fabricated G-Au modified electrode with stable and reproducible responses. This G-Au nanocomposite introduces a new electrode material in the sensitive and selective detection of NO, a prominent biomarker of cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication/instrumentation; Sonication/methods
  10. Sulaiman AZ, Ajit A, Chisti Y
    Biotechnol Prog, 2013 Nov-Dec;29(6):1448-57.
    PMID: 23926080 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1786
    A recombinant Trichoderma reesei cellulase was used for the ultrasound-mediated hydrolysis of soluble carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and insoluble cellulose of various particle sizes. The hydrolysis was carried out at low intensity sonication (2.4-11.8 W cm(-2) sonication power at the tip of the sonotrode) using 10, 20, and 40% duty cycles. [A duty cycle of 10%, for example, was obtained by sonicating for 1 s followed by a rest period (no sonication) of 9 s.] The reaction pH and temperature were always 4.8 and 50°C, respectively. In all cases, sonication enhanced the rate of hydrolysis relative to nonsonicated controls. The hydrolysis of CMC was characterized by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The Michaelis-Menten parameter of the maximum reaction rate Vmax was enhanced by sonication relative to controls, but the value of the saturation constant Km was reduced. The optimal sonication conditions were found to be a 10% duty cycle and a power intensity of 11.8 W cm(-2) . Under these conditions, the maximum rate of hydrolysis of soluble CMC was nearly double relative to control. In the hydrolysis of cellulose, an increasing particle size reduced the rate of hydrolysis. At any fixed particle size, sonication at a 10% duty cycle and 11.8 W cm(-2) power intensity improved the rate of hydrolysis relative to control. Under the above mentioned optimal sonication conditions, the enzyme lost about 20% of its initial activity in 20 min. Sonication was useful in accelerating the enzyme catalyzed saccharification of cellulose.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
  11. Choo CK, Kong XY, Goh TL, Ngoh GC, Horri BA, Salamatinia B
    Carbohydr Polym, 2016 Mar 15;138:16-26.
    PMID: 26794733 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.060
    Development of new materials for different applications especially as bio-composites has received great attention. This study concentrates on development of a biopolymer based on chitosan (CT) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and evaluates the copper removal intake as a potential application of this bio-composite. In this study, CT/HNT beads were prepared by ultrasonic-assisted extrusion-dripping method for the first time. Two sources of HNTs (i.e. Dragonite and Matauri Bay) were added into a chitosan solution (2wt.%) at various loading fractions (25, 50, 75wt.%). The effect of ultrasound as a mixing device was also studied by varying the amplitude at constant frequency of 25%, 50% and 75%. Characteristics and physical properties of the prepared CT/HNT beads were also analyzed by SEM, FTIR, TGA and BET the results show that introducing HNT to chitosan increases the adsorption capacity toward copper ions; however HNT loading fraction above 50wt.% resulted in a decrease in adsorption capacity attributed to limited accessibility of the amino groups. The adsorption capacity of the CT/HNT beads prepared from Dragonite source had a larger adsorption capacity of 14.2mg/g as compared to that of Matauri Bay, 10.55mg/g. It was observed that the adsorption capacity of the beads toward copper ions decreased when the loading fraction of HNT is increased at constant ultrasound amplitude. The result of this study helps to understand the links between the characteristics and adsorption abilities of CT/HNT beads.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
  12. Hamdi SS, Al-Kayiem HH, Muhsan AS, Magaril E
    Data Brief, 2020 Aug;31:105702.
    PMID: 32462067 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105702
    The data in this article present the effective parameters of experimental ultrasonication process on the dispersion stability of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) grafted with a natural polymer of Gum Arabic (GA). These datasets are supporting the article "Natural Polymer Non-Covalently Grafted Graphene Nanoplatelets for Improved Oil Recovery Process: A Micromodel Evaluation" [1]. The datasets were gained during experiments conducted at various dwell time (30, 60, 90 and 120 min) at constant power amplitude (60%) of sonication for preparing the stable GA-GNP/brine solutions aiming cost-effective and green agent solution for chemical enhanced oil recovery (C-EOR). The GA-GNPs dispersion data was verified using particle size analyser and UV-Vis measurements. The optimized time and power amplitude parameters of the sonication process were utilized for preparing stabilized samples of GA grafted GNPs in regarding to research work on Natural Polymer Non-Covalently Grafted Graphene Nanoplatelets for EOR. The dispersion stability of GA-GNPs nanofluids at reservoir conditions of high salinity and high temperatures (HSHT) was further demonstrated in the measured data through the sedimentation of nanoparticles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
  13. Rosli MAF, Azizan KA, Baharum SN, Goh HH
    Data Brief, 2017 Oct;14:295-297.
    PMID: 28795107 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.068
    Hybridisation plays a significant role in the evolution and diversification of plants. Hybridisation among Nepenthes species is extensive, either naturally or man-made. To investigate the effects of hybridisation on the chemical compositions, we carried out metabolomics study on pitcher tissue of Nepenthes ampullaria, Nepenthes rafflesiana and their hybrid, Nepenthes × hookeriana. Pitcher samples were harvested and extracted in methanol:chloroform:water via sonication-assisted extraction before analysed using LC-TOF-MS. MS data were analysed using XCMS online version 2.2.5. This is the first MS data report towards the profiling, identification and comprehensive comparison of metabolites present in Nepenthes species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
  14. Mohamad Hanafi Mohamad Rosli, Nurulhuda Amri, Norhusna Mohamad Nor
    ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(2):35-43.
    MyJurnal
    High concentration of fluoride in wastewater discharge from various industries is threatening the environment due to its hazardous effects and properties. This research work aims to develop an efficient adsorbent for fluoride removal in wastewater. Graphite oxide (GO) was impregnated
    with ZnO nanoparticles as an adsorbent, and the effect of synthesis parameters of GO-ZnO adsorbent for fluoride removal were studied (sonication temperature, synthesis time, and ratio of GO to ZnO). The surface functional groups of these synthesized adsorbents were analyzed by
    using FTIR. The synthesis parameters that contribute to the highest adsorption capacity and percentage removal are 5:1 ratio of GO-ZnO, 45 ºC of sonication temperature and 60 minutes of synthesis time, respectively. The highest value of adsorption capacity obtained from the fluoride
    removal is 55.5 mg/g. The functional groups contained in the GO-ZnO adsorbent are hydroxyl group (O-H), C=O group, aromatics group, carboxyl group (C-O), epoxy group and alkoxy group. These functional groups showed significant impact towards fluoride adsorption due to the bonding of fluoride ion to the functional groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
  15. Rehman GU, Tahir M, Goh PS, Ismail AF, Samavati A, Zulhairun AK, et al.
    Environ Pollut, 2019 Oct;253:1066-1078.
    PMID: 31434184 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.013
    In this study, the synthesis of Fe3O4@GO@g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of phenol has been investigated. The surface modification of Fe3O4 was performed through layer-by-layer electrostatic deposition meanwhile the heterojunction structure of ternary nanocomposite was obtained through sonicated assisted hydrothermal method. The photocatalysts were characterized for their crystallinity, surface morphology, chemical functionalities, and band gap energy. The Fe3O4@GO@g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite achieved phenol degradation of ∼97%, which was significantly higher than that of Fe3O4@GO (∼75%) and Fe3O4 (∼62%). The enhanced photoactivity was due to the efficient charge carrier separation and desired band structure. The photocatalytic performance was further enhanced with the addition of hydrogen peroxide, in which phenol degradation up to 100% was achieved in 2 h irradiation time. The findings revealed that operating parameters have significant influences on the photocatalytic activities. It was found that lower phenol concentration promoted higher activity. In this study, 0.3 g of Fe3O4@GO@g-C3N4 was found to be the optimized photocatalyst for phenol degradation. At the optimized condition, the reaction rate constant was reported as 6.96 × 10-3 min-1. The ternary photocatalyst showed excellent recyclability in three consecutive cycles, which confirmed the stability of this ternary nanocomposite for degradation applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
  16. Li G, Lee WJ, Tan CP, Lai OM, Wang Y, Qiu C
    Food Funct, 2021 Nov 29;12(23):11732-11746.
    PMID: 34698749 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01883c
    Pickering water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions were fabricated by using medium-long chain diacylglycerol (MLCD)-based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and the connection between the characteristics of the SLNs and the colloidal stability of the emulsions was established. Via melt-emulsification and ultrasonication, MLCD-based SLNs with particle sizes of 120-300 nm were obtained with or without other surfactants. The particle size of the SLNs was influenced by the chemical properties of the surfactants, and surfactants decreased the contact angle of SLNs at the oil-water interface. Gelation was observed in SLNs modified by sodium stearoyl lactylate and lecithin, whereas the addition of Tween 20 resulted in a homogeneous SLN solution. The adsorption of surfactants onto SLN surfaces caused the production of higher amounts of α crystals accompanied by delayed crystallization onset which contributed to the reduction of particle size, interfacial tension and oil wetting ability. The W/O emulsions with higher rigidity and physical stability can be obtained by varying surfactant types and by increasing SLN mass ratios to 60%, whereby more SLNs are adsorbed at the droplet surface as a Pickering stabilizer. This study provides useful insights for the development of diacylglycerol-based SLNs and Pickering W/O emulsions which have great potential for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
  17. Tan MSF, Rahman S, Dykes GA
    Food Microbiol, 2017 Apr;62:62-67.
    PMID: 27889167 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.10.009
    This study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls. S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells were subjected to sonication at 20 kHz to remove surface structures without affecting cell viability. Effective removal of flagella was determined by staining flagella of sonicated cells with Ryu's stain and enumerating the flagella remaining by direct microscopic counting. The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. Varying concentrations of pectin and/or xyloglucan were used to produce a range of bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. As compared to the non-sonicated controls, sonicated S. Typhimurium cells attached in significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) to all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan. Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. This study indicates that sonication may have potential applications for reducing Salmonella attachment during the processing of fresh produce.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication*
  18. Chong KY, Chin NL, Yusof YA
    Food Sci Technol Int, 2017 Oct;23(7):608-622.
    PMID: 28614964 DOI: 10.1177/1082013217713331
    The effects of thermosonication on the quality of a stingless bee honey, the Kelulut, were studied using processing temperature from 45 to 90 ℃ and processing time from 30 to 120 minutes. Physicochemical properties including water activity, moisture content, color intensity, viscosity, hydroxymethylfurfural content, total phenolic content, and radical scavenging activity were determined. Thermosonication reduced the water activity and moisture content by 7.9% and 16.6%, respectively, compared to 3.5% and 6.9% for conventional heating. For thermosonicated honey, color intensity increased by 68.2%, viscosity increased by 275.0%, total phenolic content increased by 58.1%, and radical scavenging activity increased by 63.0% when compared to its raw form. The increase of hydroxymethylfurfural to 62.46 mg/kg was still within the limits of international standards. Optimized thermosonication conditions using response surface methodology were predicted at 90 ℃ for 111 minutes. Thermosonication was revealed as an effective alternative technique for honey processing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication/methods*
  19. Rosli MAF, Mediani A, Azizan KA, Baharum SN, Goh HH
    Front Plant Sci, 2021;12:655004.
    PMID: 33968110 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.655004
    Hybridization is key to the evolution and diversity of plants in nature. Nepenthaceae comprises a family of diverse tropical carnivorous pitcher plant species with extensive hybridization. However, there is no study to date on the metabolite expression of hybrids in this family. We performed a non-targeted metabolomics analysis of the pitchers of two Nepenthes species with different dietary habits, namely, the semi-detritivorous N. ampullaria and carnivorous N. rafflesiana with their hybrid (N. × hookeriana) for a comparative study. The whole-pitcher samples were extracted in methanol:chloroform:water (3:1:1) via sonication-assisted extraction and analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS) followed by data analysis to profile chemical compositions. A total of 1,441 metabolite features were profiled from the three species in which 43.3% of features in the hybrid samples were not found in either of its parents. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) found 324 metabolite features with variable in projection (VIP) values greater than one in which 55 features were statistically significant. This showed that the hybrid is closer to N. rafflesiana, which is consistent to the previous study on gene and protein expressions. A total of 105 metabolites were putatively identified with manual searches using public metabolite databases. Phenols were detected to be the most abundant secondary metabolites due to a high flavonoid content, especially in N. rafflesiana. The most abundant feature 476.3s:449.102 was found to be the most significant VIP for distinguishing between the three species as a chemical marker. This is the first study comparing metabolites in the carnivory organs of different Nepenthes species with comprehensive profiling and putative identification. The differential metabolite compositions in the pitchers of different species might have ecological implications with the hybrid showing intermediate phenotype between the parents as well as manifesting unique metabolites. However, there is no clear evidence of metabolites related to the differences in dietary habits between the hybrid and the two parent species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
  20. NA Bahaman, Raha Ahmad Raus, Yusilawati Ahmad Nor, Al Mamun, Abdullah, Noor Suhana Adzahar, Dayang Fredalina Basri
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Traditionally, Mallotus paniculatus (Balik Angin) plant is used in the treatment of various
    diseases in rural areas such as remedy after childbirth, wound healing and fever. In this present study, four
    medicinal properties of the plant were investigated which included antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and
    antioxidant activities. Materials and Methods: Potential medicinal compounds were extracted from the plant
    leaves by sonication with 3 different solvents namely ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane respectively. The
    antibacterial and antifungal properties were determined using disc diffusion agar and broth dilution assay,
    the antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging assay and the anticancer effect by MTT assay. Results: From the
    screening of the medicinal properties, M. paniculatus leave extracts were shown to possess antibacterial,
    antioxidant and anticancer properties but not antifungal properties. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of
    the leave were active against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) but not
    gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli). The antioxidant activity of the
    ethanolic crude extract was high; with IC50 of 30 μg/ml comparable with the positive controls; ascorbic acid
    and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Both ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts were cytotoxic against breast
    cancer (MCF7), colon cancer (HT-29), cervix cancer (Hela) cell lines. Conclusion: M. paniculatus leave
    extract has many potential medicinal values for further studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sonication
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