Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 607 in total

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  1. Jones SU, Chua KH, Chew CH, Yeo CC, Abdullah FH, Othman N, et al.
    PeerJ, 2021;9:e11195.
    PMID: 33889447 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11195
    Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important pathogens causing nosocomial infection. spa typing allows identification of S. aureus clones in hospital isolates and is useful for epidemiological studies and nosocomial infection control. This study aims to investigate the spa types in Malaysian S. aureus isolates obtained from various clinical specimens.

    Method: A total of 89 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) [pus (n = 55), blood (n = 27), respiratory (n = 5), eye (n = 2)] isolates and 109 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) [pus (n = 79), blood (n = 24), respiratory (n = 3), eye (n = 2) and urine (n = 1)] isolates were subjected to spa typing with sequences analysed using BioNumerics version 7.

    Results: The spa sequence was successfully amplified from 77.8% of the strains (154/198) and 47 known spa types were detected. The distribution of known spa types in MRSA (36.2%, 17/47) was less diverse than in MSSA (70.2%, 33/47). The most predominant spa types were t032 (50%) in MRSA, and t127 (19%) and t091 (16.7%) in MSSA, respectively. spa type t091 in MSSA was significantly associated with skin and soft tissue infections (p = 0.0199).

    Conclusion: The previously uncommon spa type t032 was detected in the Malaysian MRSA strains, which also corresponded to the most common spa type in Europe and Australia, and has replaced the dominant spa type t037 which was reported in Malaysia in 2010.

    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus aureus; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Ghaznavi-Rad E, Goering RV, Nor Shamsudin M, Weng PL, Sekawi Z, Tavakol M, et al.
    Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2011 Nov;30(11):1365-9.
    PMID: 21479532 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1230-1
    The usefulness of mec-associated dru typing in the epidemiological analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in Malaysia was investigated and compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and spa and SCCmec typing. The isolates studied included all MRSA types in Malaysia. Multilocus sequence type ST188 and ST1 isolates were highly clonal by all typing methods. However, the dru typing of ST239 isolates produced the clearest discrimination between SCCmec IIIa and III isolates, yielding more subtypes than any other method. Evaluation of the discriminatory power for each method identified dru typing and PFGE as the most discriminatory, with Simpson's index of diversity (SID) values over 89%, including an isolate which was non-typeable by spa, but dru-typed as dt13j. The discriminatory ability of dru typing, especially with closely related MRSA ST239 strains (e.g., Brazilian and Hungarian), underscores its utility as a tool for the epidemiological investigation of MRSA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/classification*; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
  3. Lim KT, Hanifah YA, Yusof M, Thong KL
    Indian J Med Microbiol, 2012 Apr-Jun;30(2):203-7.
    PMID: 22664438 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.96693
    The objective of this study was to determine the expression and transferability of tetracycline and erythromycin resistance among 188 MRSA strains from a Malaysian tertiary hospital. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for oxacillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin ranged from 4 to 512 μg/ml, 0.25 to 256 μg/ml, 0.5 to 256 μg/ml and 0.5 to 512 μg/ml, respectively. Tetracycline-resistant strains showed co-resistance towards ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. There was a significant increase (P<0.05) of high-level tetracycline (≥MIC 256 μg/ml) and erythromycin (≥MIC 128 μg/ml) resistant strains in between the years 2003 and 2008. All erythromycin-resistant strains harboured ermA or ermC gene and all tetracycline-resistant strains harboured tetM or tetK gene. The blaZ was detected in all MRSA strains, whereas ermA, tetM, ermC, tetK and msrA genes were detected in 157 (84%), 92 (49%), 40 (21%), 39 (21%) and 4 (2%) MRSA strains, respectively. The blaZ, tetM, ermC and tetK genes were plasmid-encoded, with ermC gene being easily transmissible. Tn5801-like transposon was present in 78 tetM-positive strains. ermA and tetM genes were the most prevalent erythromycin and tetracycline resistance determinants, respectively, in MRSA strains. The association of resistance genes with mobile genetic elements possibly enhances the spread of resistant traits in MRSA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects*; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics*; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
  4. Solberg T, Nesbakken T
    Nord Vet Med, 1981 Sep-Nov;33(9-11):446-53.
    PMID: 7329786
    The content of indole and the pH have been determined post mortem in shrimps (Pandalus borealis) caught in the Barents Sea and in shrimps caught outside Malaysia, India and Taiwan. These two criteria were compared with organoleptic assessment and the contents of volatile nitrogen bases (ammonia, trimethylamine) and living bacteria. For shrimps caught in the Barents Sea, both raw shrimps stored in ice and processed (broiled, peeled and single-frozen) shrimps were investigated. The results showed that only low levels of indole had been formed during ice-storage. Not until an advanced state of spoilage could a distinct increase in the indole content in raw and in boiled, peeled shrimps be discerned. pH increased slowly and varied in the area between acceptable and not acceptable quality. Neither the indole content nor the pH seems therefore to be a useful criterion for quality assessment either of raw shrimps caught in the Barents Sea or of such shrimps after processing (boiling and peeling). Most of the samples of boiled, peeled shrimps from the Far East were assessed organoleptically as less good-spoiled, and bacterial growth was significant. The content of trimethylamine oxide and volatile nitrogen was low, while the content of indole was high and exceeded 25 microgram/100 g in 8 or 14 samples. This is the upper limit for import in USA. The content of indole seems to be an important quality criterion for shrimps caught in warmer countries. The content of indole exceeded 25 microgram/100 g in some samples which were assessed organoleptically as acceptable. The pH was lower in brine-treated shrimps than in the others.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
  5. Arshad R, Sohail MF, Sarwar HS, Saeed H, Ali I, Akhtar S, et al.
    PLoS One, 2019;14(6):e0217079.
    PMID: 31170179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217079
    Post-operative surgical site infections (SSI) present a serious threat and may lead to complications. Currently available dressings for SSI lack mucoadhesion, safety, efficacy and most importantly patient compliance. We aimed to address these concerns by developing a bioactive thiolated chitosan-alginate bandage embedded with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for localized topical treatment of SSI. The FTIR, XRD, DSC and TGA of bandage confirmed the compatibility of ingredients and modifications made. The porosity, swelling index and lysozyme degradation showed good properties for wound healing and biodegradation. Moreover, in-vitro antibacterial activity showed higher bactericidal effect as compared to ZnO-NPs free bandage. In-vivo wound healing in murine model showed significant improved tissue generation and speedy wound healing as compared to positive and negative controls. Over all, thiolated bandage showed potential as an advanced therapeutic agent for treating surgical site infections, meeting the required features of an ideal surgical dressing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
  6. Ravikumar OV, Marunganathan V, Kumar MSK, Mohan M, Shaik MR, Shaik B, et al.
    Mol Biol Rep, 2024 Feb 24;51(1):352.
    PMID: 38400866 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09289-9
    BACKGROUND: Oral diseases are often attributed to dental pathogens such as S. aureus, S. mutans, E. faecalis, and C. albicans. In this research work, a novel approach was employed to combat these pathogens by preparing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) capped with cinnamic acid (CA) plant compounds.

    METHODS: The synthesized ZnO-CA NPs were characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XRD to validate their composition and structural features. The antioxidant activity of ZnO-CA NPs was confirmed using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays. The antimicrobial effects of ZnO-CA NPs were validated using a zone of inhibition assay against dental pathogens. Autodock tool was used to identify the interaction of cinnamic acid with dental pathogen receptors.

    RESULTS: ZnO-CA NPs exhibited potent antioxidant activity in both DPPH and ABTS assays, suggesting their potential as powerful antioxidants. The minimal inhibitory concentration of ZnO-CA NPs against dental pathogens was found 25 µg/mL, indicating their effective antimicrobial properties. Further, ZnO-CA NPs showed better binding affinity and amino acid interaction with dental pathogen receptors. Also, the ZnO-CA NPs exhibited dose-dependent (5 µg/mL, 15 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL) anticancer activity against Human Oral Epidermal Carcinoma KB cells. The mechanism of action of apoptotic activity of ZnO-CA NPs on the KB cells was identified through the upregulation of BCL-2, BAX, and P53 genes.

    CONCLUSIONS: This research establishes the potential utility of ZnO-CA NPs as a promising candidate for dental applications. The potent antioxidant, anticancer, and effective antimicrobial properties of ZnO-CA NPs make them a valuable option for combating dental pathogens.

    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus aureus
  7. Kalantari K, Mostafavi E, Afifi AM, Izadiyan Z, Jahangirian H, Rafiee-Moghaddam R, et al.
    Nanoscale, 2020 Jan 28;12(4):2268-2291.
    PMID: 31942896 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08234d
    Infections are the main reason why most people die from burns and diabetic wounds. The clinical challenge for treating wound infections through traditional antibiotics has been growing steadily and has now reached a critical status requiring a paradigm shift for improved chronic wound care. The US Centers for Disease Control have predicted more deaths from antimicrobial-resistant bacteria than from all types of cancers combined by 2050. Thus, the development of new wound dressing materials that do not rely on antibiotics is of paramount importance. Currently, incorporating nanoparticles into scaffolds represents a new concept of 'nanoparticle dressing' which has gained considerable attention for wound healing. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been categorized as metal-based nanoparticles and are intriguing materials for wound healing because of their excellent antimicrobial properties. Ag-NPs embedded in wound dressing polymers promote wound healing and control microorganism growth. However, there have been several recent disadvantages of using Ag-NPs to fight infections, such as bacterial resistance. This review highlights the therapeutic approaches of using wound dressings functionalized with Ag-NPs and their potential role in revolutionizing wound healing. Moreover, the physiology of the skin and wounds is discussed to place the use of Ag-NPs in wound care into perspective.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus aureus
  8. Che Hamzah AM, Chew CH, Al-Trad EI, Puah SM, Chua KH, A Rahman NI, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2024 Feb 12;14(1):3485.
    PMID: 38347106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54182-x
    Despite the importance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as a priority nosocomial pathogen, the genome sequences of Malaysian MRSA isolates are currently limited to a small pool of samples. Here, we present the genome sequence analyses of 88 clinical MRSA isolates obtained from the main tertiary hospital in Terengganu, Malaysia in 2016-2020, to obtain in-depth insights into their characteristics. The EMRSA-15 (ST22-SCCmec IV) clone of the clonal complex 22 (CC22) lineage was predominant with a total of 61 (69.3%) isolates. Earlier reports from other Malaysian hospitals indicated the predominance of the ST239 clone, but only two (2.3%) isolates were identified in this study. Two Indian-origin clones, the Bengal Bay clone ST772-SCCmec V (n = 2) and ST672 (n = 10) were also detected, with most of the ST672 isolates obtained in 2020 (n = 7). Two new STs were found, with one isolate each, and were designated ST7879 and ST7883. From the core genome phylogenetic tree, the HSNZ MRSA isolates could be grouped into seven clades. Antimicrobial phenotype-genotype concordance was high (> 95%), indicating the accuracy of WGS in predicting most resistances. Majority of the MRSA isolates were found to harbor more than 10 virulence genes, demonstrating their pathogenic nature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus*
  9. Ahmad R, Baharum SN, Bunawan H, Lee M, Mohd Noor N, Rohani ER, et al.
    Molecules, 2014 Nov 20;19(11):19220-42.
    PMID: 25420073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191119220
    The aim of this research was to identify the volatile metabolites produced in different organs (leaves, stem and roots) of Polygonum minus, an important essential oil producing crop in Malaysia. Two methods of extraction have been applied: Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) and hydrodistillation coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Approximately, 77 metabolites have been identified and aliphatic compounds contribute significantly towards the aroma and flavour of this plant. Two main aliphatic compounds: decanal and dodecanal were found to be the major contributor. Terpenoid metabolites were identified abundantly in leaves but not in the stem and root of this plant. Further studies on antioxidant, total phenolic content, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities were determined in the essential oil and five different extracts. The plant showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity in polar (ethanol) extract for all the tissues tested. For anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, leaf in aqueous extract and methanol extract showed the best acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. However, in microbial activity, the non-polar extracts (n-hexane) showed high antimicrobial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) compared to polar extracts. This study could provide the first step in the phytochemical profiles of volatile compounds and explore the additional value of pharmacology properties of this essential oil producing crop Polygonum minus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
  10. Puah SM, Chua KH, Tan JA
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2016 Feb;13(2):199.
    PMID: 26861367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13020199
    Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of food poisoning. Its pathogenicity results from the possession of virulence genes that produce different toxins which result in self-limiting to severe illness often requiring hospitalization. In this study of 200 sushi and sashimi samples, S. aureus contamination was confirmed in 26% of the food samples. The S. aureus isolates were further characterized for virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility. A high incidence of virulence genes was identified in 96.2% of the isolates and 20 different virulence gene profiles were confirmed. DNA amplification showed that 30.8% (16/52) of the S. aureus carried at least one SE gene which causes staphylococcal food poisoning. The most common enterotoxin gene was seg (11.5%) and the egc cluster was detected in 5.8% of the isolates. A combination of hla and hld was the most prevalent coexistence virulence genes and accounted for 59.6% of all isolates. Antibiotic resistance studies showed tetracycline resistance to be the most common at 28.8% while multi-drug resistance was found to be low at 3.8%. In conclusion, the high rate of S. aureus in the sampled sushi and sashimi indicates the need for food safety guidelines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects*; Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification*
  11. Lee KG, Cheng MO
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Oct;67(5):529.
    PMID: 23770874 MyJurnal
    Varicella-zoster (chickenpox) infection is a common infectious disease and generally considered to be selflimiting. However, severe bacterial complications associated with the disease have been reported. We describe a case of varicella-zoster infection with secondary Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, preseptal orbital cellulitis and extensive facial abscesses. She was aggressively treated with intravenous antibiotics and repeated surgical drainage, and eventually made good recovery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus aureus
  12. Norazah A, Salbiah N, Nurizzat M, Santhana R
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):166-7.
    PMID: 20058580 MyJurnal
    A 64-year old patient, who had bacteraemia, did not respond to vancomycin despite the MRSA isolate being sensitive to the antibiotic at MIC 2 microg/mL. Electron microscopy of the MRSA isolate showed thickening of the cell wall, which was not observed in MRSA with lower vancomycin MIC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects*; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/ultrastructure
  13. Pit S, Jamal F, Cheah FK, Abbas MA
    Ann Saudi Med, 1991 Jul;11(4):424-8.
    PMID: 17590760
    Forty cases of cerebral abscesses were studied prospectively to establish the microbial agents implicated in these cases. Chronic otitis media (14 patients, 35%), congenital heart disease (five patients, 12.5%),a and meningitis (five patients, 12.5%) were among the important predisposing factors. Streptococcus (14 patients, 35%) was the most common causative pre-isolated, the predominant species being Streptococcus milleri (11 patients, 27.5%). Other organisms isolated included Proteus mirabilis in six patients (15%) and Staphylococcus aureus in five patients (12.5%). Anaerobes (12 patients, 30%), predominantly Bacteroides sp. (eight patients, 20%), played an important role in these cases, the majority of which were isolated in mixed cultures. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of pus detected the presence of anaerobes in another 11 cases of cerebral abscess, in which cultures of anaerobes were negative. Therefore, gas-liquid chromotography is useful as an adjunct to conventional bacteriological methods in providing a rapid and sensitive means of detecting anaerobes in pus obtained especially from patients who had received antibiotic therapy prior to hospitalization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus aureus
  14. Asiah K, Hanifah YA, Norzila MZ, Hasniah L, Rusanida A
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2006 Apr;42(4):217-8.
    PMID: 16630326
    We report a 17-year-old Malay boy with cystic fibrosis who over a 14-month period experienced worsening respiratory symptoms and deteriorating lung function. Burkholderia pseudomallei was eventually isolated from his sputum. He improved clinically following treatment for meliodosis and his lung function returned to normal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
  15. Allotey P, Reidpath DD
    Lancet, 2021 03 20;397(10279):1058.
    PMID: 33743860 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00379-2
    Matched MeSH terms: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus*
  16. Patricia Sator, Mezi Marcella Madius, Magdlin Sargius, Bertsy Deborah Louis, Grace Shirley Randy
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacteria or germ which many people carry in their nose or on their skin and it is resistant to a range of antibiotics including methicillin. The primary mode of transmission of S. aureus is by direct contact usually, skin-to-skin contact, although contact with contaminated objects and surfaces or might also play a role. The risk of infection by antibiotic-resistant organisms is a common problem in a hospital setting. When it comes to caring for the patient with an infectious disease such as MRSA, most nursing students tried to avoid caring for the patient because they fear of getting infected. So, in this regards that it is important to find out the perception of nursing students towards MRSA patients. Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study design and a structured questionnaire used to evaluate the perception among student nurses regarding care for a patient with MRSA. The population of this study consists only of the nursing student of year 2 and year 3, which is 118 students. A minimum of 60 respondents selected by convenient sampling from this population. Results: Findings showed the respondent’s perception towards MRSA patients that 83.55% (n=55) of the respondent has the feeling of avoiding getting close to MRSA patients. While 16.7% (n=11) did not have the feeling to avoid them. 47% (n=31%) respondents felt refused to do any procedure on MRSA patients. While 53% (n=35) did not feel refuse to do any procedure on MRSA patient. 92.4% (n=61) respondents wear full PPE before caring for patients with MRSA. The other 7.6% (n=5) did not wear full PPE before caring for patients with MRSA. 98.5% (n=65) respondents always follow 5 moments of hand hygiene. While the other 1.5% (n=1) did not always follow 5 moments of hand hygiene. Conclusion: To conclude, even though most of the respondents know about MRSA but some of them did not know that MRSA is curable or not, some confusion about the mode of transmission of MRSA and did not know that they should wear full PPE in caring for the patient with MRSA. Lack of knowledge about MRSA might influence them to ask their friends to do procedures for the patient instead of doing it by themselves. Without good knowledge and skills about how to handle infectious patients, it is difficult for the nursing students to approach the patient with an infectious disease such as MRSA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus aureus; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  17. Zajmi A, Mohd Hashim N, Noordin MI, Khalifa SA, Ramli F, Mohd Ali H, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(6):e0128157.
    PMID: 26030925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128157
    Staphylococci are facultative anaerobes, perfectly spherical un-encapsulated cocci, with a diameter not exceeding 1 micrometer in diameter. Staphylococcus aureus are generally harmless and remain confined to the skin unless they burrow deep into the body, causing life-threatening infections in bones, joints, bloodstream, heart valves and lungs. Among the 20 medically important staphylococci species, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the emerging human pathogens. Streptomycin had its highest potency against Staphylococcus infections despite the likelihood of getting a resistant type of staphylococcus strains. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is the persister type of Staphylococcus aureus and was evolved after decades of antibiotic misuse. Inadequate penetration of the antibiotic is one of the principal factors related to success/failure of the therapy. The active drug needs to reach the bacteria at concentrations necessary to kill or suppress the pathogen's growth. In turn the effectiveness of the treatment relied on the physical properties of Staphylococcus aureus. Thus understanding the cell integrity, shape and roughness is crucial to the overall influence of the therapeutic agent on S. aureus of different origins. Hence our experiments were designed to clarify ultrastructural changes of S. aureus treated with streptomycin (synthetic compound) in comparison to artonin E (natural compound). In addition to the standard in vitro microbial techniques, we used transmission electron microscopy to study the disrupted cell architecture under antibacterial regimen and we correlate this with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare results of both techniques.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus aureus/cytology; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects*; Staphylococcus aureus/ultrastructure*; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/cytology; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/ultrastructure
  18. Karunakaran R, Halim HA, Ng KP, Hanifah YA, Chin E, Jaafar FL, et al.
    Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2011 Nov;15(11):1343-6.
    PMID: 22195371
    Tsukamurella spp. are a rare but important cause of intravascular catheter-related bacteremia in immunocompromised patients. The organism is an aerobic, Gram-positive, weakly acid-fast bacillus that is difficult to differentiate using standard laboratory methods from other aerobic actinomycetales such as Nocardia spp., Rhododoccus spp., Gordonia spp., and the rapid growing Mycobacterium spp. We report a case of Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens catheter-related bacteremia in a 51-year-old haematology patient who responded to treatment with imipenem and subsequent line removal. 16srRNA sequencing allowed for the prompt identification of this organism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
  19. Owen-Smith MS
    Aust N Z J Surg, 1975 Feb;45(1):57-60.
    PMID: 1057403
    Six cases of tropical pyomyositis occurring in Australian, New Zealand and British soldiers in Malaysia and Singapore are described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
  20. Adnan SN, Ibrahim N, Yaacob WA
    J Glob Antimicrob Resist, 2017 03;8:48-54.
    PMID: 27992774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.10.006
    OBJECTIVES: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen with multiple antibiotic resistance that causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) MRSA with increased resistance to currently available antibiotics has challenged the world to develop new therapeutic agents. Stigmasterol and lupeol, from the plant Phyllanthus columnaris, exhibit antibacterial activities against MRSA. The aim of this study was to utilise next-generation sequencing (NGS) to provide further insight into the novel transcriptional response of MRSA exposed to stigmasterol and lupeol.

    METHODS: Time-kill analysis of one MRSA reference strain (ATCC 43300) and three clinical isolates (WM3, BM1 and KJ7) for both compounds was first performed to provide the bacteriostatic/bactericidal profile. Then, MRSA ATCC 43300 strain treated with both compounds was interrogated by NGS.

    RESULTS: Both stigmasterol and lupeol possessed bacteriostatic properties against all MRSA tested; however, lupeol exhibited both bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties within the same minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values against BM1 (12.5mg/mL). Transcriptome profiling of MRSA ATCC 43300 revealed significant modulation of gene expression with multiple desirable targets by both compounds, which caused a reduction in the translation processes leading to inhibition of protein synthesis and prevention of bacterial growth.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential of both stigmasterol and lupeol as new promising anti-MRSA agents.

    Matched MeSH terms: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects*; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics*; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism*
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