Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 116 in total

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  1. Protein variation and systematics of three subgenera of Malayan rats (Rodentia: Muridae, genus Rattus Fischer)
    Chan KL, Dhaliwal SS, Yong HS
    Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B, 1979;64(4):329-37.
    PMID: 318313
    1. Nine erythrocyte proteins coded by a separate locus each were analysed in and among seven Malayan species of Rattus belonging to three subgenera. 2. Electrophoretic data obtained confirm the specific status of the seven taxa and divide the seven species into three groups which correspond with Ellerman's (1949) subgenera Stenomys, Maxomys and Leopoldamys. 3. A comparative study together with 11 other species of Malayan Rattus previously analysed show that, with few exceptions, the overall relationships among the 18 species based on electrophoretic data correspond well with conclusions based on morphological evidence. 4. Malayan species of Rattus are relatively very diverse genetically (S = 0.27, range 0.01-0.94).
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  2. Effect of alpha-tocopherol on lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status in spontaneously hypertensive rats
    Newaz MA, Nawal NN
    Am J Hypertens, 1998 Dec;11(12):1480-5.
    PMID: 9880131
    The aim of this study was to determine the effects of alpha-tocopherol on lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), comparing them with normal Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. SHR were divided into three groups and treated with different doses of alpha-tocopherol (alpha1, 17 mg/kg diet; alpha2, 34 mg/kg diet; and alpha3, 170 mg/kg diet). Normal WKY and untreated SHR were used as normal (N) and hypertensive control (HC). Blood pressures were recorded every 10 days for 3 months. At the end of the trial, animals were killed and measurement of plasma total antioxidant status, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and lipid peroxide levels in plasma and blood vessels was carried out following well-established methods. From our study it was found that lipid peroxides in thoracic aorta (N, 0.47 +/- 0.17; H, 0.96 +/- 0.37; P < .0001) and plasma (N, 0.06 +/- 0.01; H, 0.13 +/- 0.01) were significantly higher in hypertensives than in normal rats. SOD activity was significantly lower in hypertensive than normal rats (N, 172.93 +/- 46.91; H, 110.08 +/- 14.38; P < .005). Total antioxidant status was significantly higher in normal than hypertensive rats (N, 0.88 +/- 0.05; H, 0.83 +/- 0.02; P < .05). After the antioxidant trial, it was found that in the treated groups rise of blood pressure was prevented significantly (P < .001) and lipid peroxides in blood vessels were significantly reduced more than in the controls (P < .001). For plasma lipid peroxide it was only significant for groups alpha2 (P < .001) and alpha3 (P < .05). Although all three treated groups showed improved total antioxidant status, only groups alpha2 (0.87 +/- 0.04, P < .005) and alpha3 (1.20 +/- 0.18, P < .001) were statistically significant. All the three groups showed significant increases in their SOD activity (P < .001). Correlation studies showed that total antioxidant status and SOD were significantly negatively correlated with blood pressure in normal rats (P = .007; P = .008). Lipid peroxides in both blood vessel and plasma showed a positive correlation. In the treated groups, lipid peroxides in blood vessels maintained a significant positive correlation with blood pressure in all groups (alpha1, P = .021; alpha2, P = .019; alpha3, P = .002), whereas for plasma lipid peroxides the correlation was in groups alpha1 (P = .005) and alpha2 (P = .009). For SOD activity, significant negative correlations were found with blood pressure in the alpha2 (P = .017) and alpha3 (P = .025) groups. Total antioxidant status maintained a significant negative correlation with blood pressure in all three groups (alpha1, P = .012; alpha2, P = .044; alpha3, P = .014). In conclusion it was found that supplement of alpha-tocopherol may prevent development of increased blood pressure, reduce lipid peroxides in plasma and blood vessels, and enhance the total antioxidant status, including SOD activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*
  3. Effects of copper overload on hepatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense in rats
    Zhang SS, Noordin MM, Rahman SO, Haron J
    Vet Hum Toxicol, 2000 Oct;42(5):261-4.
    PMID: 11003114
    The influence of copper (Cu) overload on hepatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidation defense capacity was studied by overloading rats with copper sulphate orally (500 mg Cu/kg bw) 5 d/w for 8 w. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Se-glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured in serum and liver homogenate at 2, 4 and 8 w of dosing. Liver Cu concentration and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity were also determined. As Cu loading progressed, there were multiparameter changes with significant ALT elevation, increased MDA concentrations in serum and liver homogenate, and dramatic declines of SOD and GSH-Px activities in erythrocytes and whole blood respectively, along with marked elevation of hepatic Cu in the Cu-dosed group. Excessive Cu accumulation in the liver depressed SOD and GSH-Px activities and resulted in high MDA in serum and liver homogenate due to the lipid peroxidation induced by the Cu overload.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  4. Effect of vitamin E on plasma malondialdehyde, antioxidant enzyme levels and the rates of wound closures during wound healing in normal and diabetic rats
    Musalmah M, Fairuz AH, Gapor MT, Ngah WZ
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2002;11 Suppl 7:S448-51.
    PMID: 12492633
    Vitamin E is composed of various subfamilies that include tocopherols and tocotrienols. These compounds have antioxidant properties but differ in structure, dietary source and potency. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of alpha-tocopherol as an antioxidant and its role in wound closure in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The healing of 6 cm linear incisions created on the back of each male Sprague-Dawley rat (250-300 g) was monitored by measuring the length of the wounds daily. The rats were divided into two categories; normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For each category, the animals were further divided into two groups; those untreated and those receiving 200 mg/kg bodyweight alpha-tocopherols daily by oral gavage. All rats were fed standard food and water ad libitum. Blood samples were taken at 0, 5 and 10 days after the wounds were created for the determination of malondialdehyde levels and red cell superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. The results showed that alpha-tocopherol reduced plasma malondialdehyde levels, increased glutathione peroxidase activity and accelerated the rate of wound closure in treated rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  5. Effect of nifedipine and amlodipine on dead space wound healing in rats
    Bhaskar HN, Udupa SL, Udupa AL
    Indian J Exp Biol, 2005 Mar;43(3):294-6.
    PMID: 15816421
    Effect of two calcium channel blockers (CCBs) nifedipine and amlodipine, was studied on normal and steroid depressed wound healing in albino rats, using the dead space wound model. The drugs enhanced normal healing as evidenced by increase in tensile strength of 10 days old granulation tissue. There was neither a significant change in the hydroxyproline level (or collagen) nor a change in the glycosaminoglycan content in granulation tissue. However, lysyloxidase level was increased significantly. The increase in tensile strength could thus be attributed to better cross-linking and maturation of collagen rather than collagen synthesis per se. The drugs were also able to overcome steroid depressed wound healing. It is likely that the prohealing effects may be related to the improved antioxidant status too, since superoxide dismutase levels were observed to be higher in the CCB- treated animals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  6. Comparative effects of palm vitamin E and alpha-tocopherol on healing and wound tissue antioxidant enzyme levels in diabetic rats
    Musalmah M, Nizrana MY, Fairuz AH, NoorAini AH, Azian AL, Gapor MT, et al.
    Lipids, 2005 Jun;40(6):575-80.
    PMID: 16149736
    The effect of supplementing 200 mg/kg body weight palm vitamin E (PVE) and 200 mg/kg body weight alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc) on the healing of wounds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was evaluated. The antioxidant potencies of these two preparations of vitamin E were also evaluated by determining the antioxidant enzyme activities, namely, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the healing of dermal wounds. Healing was evaluated by measuring wound contractions and protein contents in the healing wounds. Cellular redistribution and collagen deposition were assessed morphologically using cross-sections of paraffin-embedded day-10 wounds stained according to the Van Gieson method. GPx and SOD activities as well as MDA levels were determined in homogenates of day-10 dermal wounds. Results showed that PVE had a greater potency to enhance wound repair and induce the increase in free radical-scavenging enzyme activities than alpha-Toc. Both PVE and alpha-Toc, however, were potent antioxidants and significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation levels in the wounds as measured by the reduction in MDA levels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  7. Antioxidant enzyme activities of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to trace elements
    Kuppusamy UR, Dharmani M, Kanthimathi MS, Indran M
    Biol Trace Elem Res, 2005 Jul;106(1):29-40.
    PMID: 16037608
    The trace elements copper, zinc, and selenium are important immune modulators and essential cofactors of the antioxidant enzymes. In the present study, the proliferative effect of human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that have been exposed to copper, zinc, and selenium and the corresponding activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase, were determined. Zinc and copper stimulated the PBMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner within the dose range 25-200 micromol/L. SOD and GPx activities in PBMCs exposed to zinc were inhibited, whereas catalase activity was unaffected. All the three antioxidant enzymes in the cells exposed to copper were inhibited. Selenium exerted more potent inhibition of the cell proliferation while causing stimulation of the antioxidant enzymes at the lowest dose (25 micromol/L) than at the highest dose (200 micromol/L) tested. A significant negative correlation was observed between proliferation and antioxidant enzyme (SOD and GPx) activities in trace-element-exposed PBMC. The present findings substantiate the importance of trace elements as immune modulators and the involvement of enzymatic antioxidant system in the immune cell regulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  8. Fulltext Palm tocotrienol exerted better antioxidant activities in bone than alpha-tocopherol
    Maniam S, Mohamed N, Shuid AN, Soelaiman IN
    Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 2008 Jul;103(1):55-60.
    PMID: 18598299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00241.x
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat bones. Fifty-six normal male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 3 months, were randomly divided into seven groups with eight rats in each group. The age-matched control group was given the vehicle olive oil, by oral gavage daily. Six of the treatment groups received either palm tocotrienol or pure alpha-tocopherol at the dose of 30, 60 or 100 mg/kg body weight, by oral gavage daily, 6 days a week for 4 months. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) that is an index to measure the level of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were measured in the femur at the end of the study. Palm tocotrienol at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced the TBARS level in the femur with a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase activity compared to the age-matched control group. These were not observed in the alpha-tocopherol groups. Palm tocotrienol was more effective than pure alpha-tocopherol acetate in suppressing lipid peroxidation in bone. Palm tocotrienol showed better protective effect against free radical damage in the femur compared to alpha-tocopherol. This study suggests that palm tocotrienol plays an important role in preventing imbalance in bone metabolism due to free radicals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  9. Oxidative damage and antioxidant status in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma of the cervix
    Looi ML, Mohd Dali AZ, Md Ali SA, Wan Ngah WZ, Mohd Yusof YA
    Eur J Cancer Prev, 2008 Nov;17(6):555-60.
    PMID: 18941377 DOI: 10.1097/CEJ.0b013e328305a10b
    Free radicals that induced lipid peroxidation and DNA damage have been implicated in many diseases including cancer. Cellular antioxidant defense plays an important role in neoplastic disease to counteract oxidative damage. This study aims to investigate the status of oxidative damage by measuring plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and the level of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. Urinary 8-OHdG was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. MDA and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry, respectively. Eighty patients with CIN and SCC of the cervix were recruited and compared with normal controls. Urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine ratio did not show any significant changes in any disease status studied as compared with controls (P=0.803). Plasma MDA was found to be increased in CIN and SCC patients when compared with controls (P=0.002). Glutathione peroxidase activity was increased (P=0.0001) whereas superoxide dismutase and catalase activity was decreased (P=0.019 and 0.0001, respectively) in both CIN and SCC patients when compared with controls. Urinary 8-OHdG may not be a good marker for enhanced oxidative stress in cervical cancer. Oxidative damage as demonstrated by the level of MDA is markedly increased in CIN and SCC patients with changes of enzymatic antioxidants observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  10. Absorption of andrographolides from Andrographis paniculata and its effect on CCl(4)-induced oxidative stress in rats
    Akowuah GA, Zhari I, Mariam A, Yam MF
    Food Chem Toxicol, 2009 Sep;47(9):2321-6.
    PMID: 19540299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.06.022
    A simple and validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV detection has been used to determine the content of andrographolide (AP) and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DIAP) in rat plasma after oral dose of methanol extract (1 g/kg body weight) of Andrographis paniculata leaf. An increase in plasma concentration of AP and DIAP was observed from 30 min to 3 h after oral administration of the extract. The maximum plasma concentrations of AP and DIAP were 1.42+/-0.09 microg/ml and 1.31+/-0.04 microg/ml, respectively. Fourteen days oral treatment of rats with the methanol extract (1 g/kg body weight) followed by CCl(4) administration preserved catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in erythrocytes, whereas plasma lipid peroxidation, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities were restored to values comparable with control values. Treatment of rats with CCl(4) did not showed significant alteration (p>0.05) in plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) as compare to values of control group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  11. Flavonoid quercetin protects against swimming stress-induced changes in oxidative biomarkers in the hypothalamus of rats
    Haleagrahara N, Radhakrishnan A, Lee N, Kumar P
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2009 Oct 25;621(1-3):46-52.
    PMID: 19744476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.08.030
    Quercetin is a bioflavonoid abundant in onions, apples, tea and red wine and one of the most studied flavonoids. Dietary quercetin intake is suggested to be health promoting, but this assumption is mainly based on mechanistic studies performed in vitro. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of quercetin on stress-induced changes in oxidative biomarkers in the hypothalamus of rats. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to forced swimming stress for 45 min daily for 14 days. Effect of quercetin at three different doses (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg body weight) on serum corticosterone and oxidative biomarkers (lipid hydroperoxides, antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidants) was estimated. Swimming stress significantly increased the serum corticosterone and lipid hydroperoxide levels. A significant decrease in total antioxidant levels and super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase levels was seen in the hypothalamus after stress and treatment with quercetin significantly increased these oxidative parameters and there was a significant decrease in lipid hydroperoxide levels. These data demonstrate that forced swimming stress produced a severe oxidative damage in the hypothalamus and treatment with quercetin markedly attenuated these stress-induced changes. Antioxidant action of quercetin may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of stress-induced oxidative damage in the brain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  12. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of honey supplementation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    Erejuwa OO, Omotayo EO, Gurtu S, Sulaiman SA, Ab Wahab MS, Sirajudeen KN, et al.
    Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 2010 Jan;80(1):74-82.
    PMID: 20533247 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000008
    Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic complications. The aims of this study were to investigate whether honey could reduce hyperglycemia and ameliorate oxidative stress in kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  13. Standardization and in vivo antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of fruit and leaf of Piper sarmentosum
    Hussain K, Ismail Z, Sadikun A, Ibrahim P
    Planta Med, 2010 Mar;76(5):418-25.
    PMID: 19862670 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1186279
    The present study aimed to investigate standardized ethanol extracts of fruit and leaves of Piper sarmentosum for their in vivo antioxidant activity in rats using a CCl (4)-induced oxidative stress model. The standardization was based on the quantification of the markers pellitorine, sarmentine and sarmentosine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and determination of total primary and secondary metabolites. The rats, divided into 7 groups each (n = 6), were used as follows: group 1 (CCl (4), negative control), group 2 (untreated, control), groups 3 and 4 (fruit extract 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively), groups 5 and 6 (leaf extract 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively) and group 7 (vitamin-E 100 mg/kg, positive control). The doses were administered orally for 14 days; 4 h following the last dose, a single dose of CCl (4) (1.5 mg/kg) was given orally to all the groups except group 2, and after 24 h, blood and liver of each animal were obtained. Analysis of plasma and liver homogenate exhibited significant preservation of markers of antioxidant activity, total plasma antioxidant activity (TPAA), total protein (TP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), in the pretreated groups as compared to the CCl (4) group (p < 0.05). Histology of the liver also evidenced the protection of hepatocytes against CCl (4) metabolites in the pretreated groups. The results of this study indicate the IN VIVO antioxidant activity of both extracts of the plant, which may be valuable to combat diseases involving free radicals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  14. Antioxidant protection of Malaysian tualang honey in pancreas of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    Erejuwa OO, Sulaiman SA, Wahab MS, Sirajudeen KN, Salleh MS, Gurtu S
    Ann Endocrinol (Paris), 2010 Sep;71(4):291-6.
    PMID: 20398890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2010.03.003
    Glucotoxicity contributes to beta-cell dysfunction through oxidative stress. Our previous study demonstrated that tualang honey ameliorated renal oxidative stress and produced hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. This present study investigated the hypothesis that hypoglycemic effect of tualang honey might partly be due to protection of pancreas against oxidative stress. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of STZ (60 mg/kg; ip). Diabetic rats were randomly divided into two groups and administered distilled water (0.5 ml/d) and tualang honey (1.0 g/kg/d). Similarly, two groups of non-diabetic rats received distilled water (0.5 ml/d) and tualang honey (1.0 g/kg/d). The animals were treated orally for 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, the honey-treated diabetic rats had significantly (p<0.05) reduced blood glucose levels [8.8 (5.8)mmol/L; median (interquartile range)] compared with the diabetic control rats [17.9 (2.6)mmol/L]. The pancreas of diabetic control rats showed significantly increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and up-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Catalase (CAT) activity was significantly reduced while glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities remained unchanged in the pancreas of diabetic rats. Tualang honey significantly (p<0.05) reduced elevated MDA levels. Honey treatment also restored SOD and CAT activities. These results suggest that hypoglycemic effect of tualang honey might be attributed to its antioxidative effect on the pancreas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  15. Protective effects of Etlingera elatior extract on lead acetate-induced changes in oxidative biomarkers in bone marrow of rats
    Haleagrahara N, Jackie T, Chakravarthi S, Rao M, Pasupathi T
    Food Chem Toxicol, 2010 Oct;48(10):2688-94.
    PMID: 20600524 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.06.041
    Several environmental toxins with toxic effects to the bone marrow have been identified. Pathology associated with lead intoxication is due to the cellular damage mediated by free radicals. In the current study, we examined the effect of Etlingera elatior extract on lead-induced changes in the oxidative biomarkers and histology of bone marrow of rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 500 ppm lead acetate in their drinking water for 14 days. E. elatior extract was treated orally (100mg/kg body weight) in combination with, or after lead acetate treatment. The results showed that there was a significant increase in lipid hydroperoxide, protein carbonyl content and a significant decrease in total antioxidants, super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione--S-transferase in bone marrow after lead acetate exposure. Treatment with E. elatior decreased lipid hydroperoxides and protein carbonyl contents and significantly increased total antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. Treatments with E. elatior extract also reduced, lead-induced histopathological damage in bone marrow. In conclusion, these data suggest that E. elatior has a powerful antioxidant effect, and it protects the lead acetate-induced bone marrow oxidative damage in rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  16. Modulation of oxidative stress by Chlorella vulgaris in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats
    Aizzat O, Yap SW, Sopiah H, Madiha MM, Hazreen M, Shailah A, et al.
    Adv Med Sci, 2010;55(2):281-8.
    PMID: 21147697 DOI: 10.2478/v10039-010-0046-z
    Chlorella vulgaris (CV), a fresh water alga has been reported to have hypoglycemic effects. However, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of CV in diabetic animals have not been investigated to date. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of CV in inflammation and oxidative damage in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  17. Effect of four different vegetable oils (red palm olein, palm olein, corn oil, coconut oil) on antioxidant enzymes activity of rat liver
    Dauqan E, Sani HA, Abdullah A, Kasim ZM
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2011 Mar 15;14(6):399-403.
    PMID: 21902064
    The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of four different vegetable oils [red palm olein (RPO), palm olein (PO), corn oil (CO), coconut oil (COC)] on antioxidant enzymes activity of rat liver. Sixty six Sprague Dawley male rats which were randomly divided into eleven groups of 6 rats per group and were treated with 15% of RPO, PO, CO and COC for 4 and 8 weeks. Rats in the control group were given normal rat pellet only while in treated groups, 15% of additional different vegetable oils were given. After 4 weeks of treatment the catalase (CAT) activity results showed that there was no significance difference (p > or = 0.05) between the control group and treated groups while after 8 weeks of treatment showed that there was no significant different (p > or = 0.05) between control group and RPO group but the treated rat liver with PO, CO and COC groups were the lowest and it were significantly lower (> or = 0.05) than control group. For superoxide dismutase (SOD) there was no significance difference (p > or = 0.05) between the control group and treated groups of vegetable oils after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Thus the study indicated that there was no significant (p > or = 0.05) effect on antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase) but there was significant effect (p > or = 0.05) on catalase in rat liver.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  18. Modulation of C-reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor-α in collagen-induced arthritis in Dark Agouti rats: impact of collagen concentration on severity of arthritis
    Tudave D, Radhakrishnan A, Chakravarthi S, Haleagrahara N
    Inflamm Res, 2011 Oct;60(10):897-907.
    PMID: 21633874 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0349-y
    OBJECTIVES: The study investigated the effect of collagen-induced arthritis in Dark Agouti (DA) rats on the level of C-reactive protein and inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).

    SUBJECTS: Female Dark Agouti (DA) rats.

    METHODS: Three different dosages of (2 mg/kg of body weight, 3 mg/kg of body weight and 4 mg/kg of body weight) collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant suspension were tested. After 45 days, serum C-reactive protein, TNF-α, superoxide dismutase and total glutathione assays were done. Radiographic and histopathological changes in the joints were compared.

    RESULTS: All three groups showed signs of arthritic changes, confirmed by histopathological and radiographic changes. Severe arthritic changes were seen in the rats injected with 4 mg/kg of body weight of collagen. There was a significant increase in C-reactive protein, TNF-α, super oxide dismutase and total glutathione levels in the plasma in arthritis rats and the changes were more significant with 4 mg/kg of collagen.

    CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that the optimal dose to inject to experimental animals in order to get server arthritic changes was 4 mg/kg of collagen with complete Freund's adjuvant suspension. Severe arthritis changes induced significant elevation in plasma C-reactive protein and TNF-α levels.

    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  19. Fulltext Effects of α-tocopherol on the early phase of osteoporotic fracture healing
    Shuid AN, Mohamad S, Muhammad N, Fadzilah FM, Mokhtar SA, Mohamed N, et al.
    J Orthop Res, 2011 Nov;29(11):1732-8.
    PMID: 21547940 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21452
    Fracture healing is a complex process, which is more complicated if the bone is osteoporotic. One of the vitamin E isomers, α-tocopherol, has been found to prevent osteoporosis and improve bone fracture healing but its role in the healing of osteoporotic fractures is still unclear. We carried out a study on the effects of α-tocopherol supplementation on osteoporotic fracture healing using an ovariectomized rat model, whereby we focused on the early phase of fracture healing, that is, the phase with excessive production of free radicals. Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated (SO), ovariectomized-control (OVC), and ovariectomized + α-tocopherol supplementation (ATF) groups. The right femora of all the rats were fractured at mid-diaphysis and K-wires were inserted for internal fixation. After 2 weeks of treatment, the rats were euthanized and the femora were dissected out for measurement of callous volume by CT-scan and radiological staging of callous formation and fracture healing. The oxidative parameters of the fractured femora were also measured. The results showed that the callous volume and callous staging were not different between the groups. However, the fracture healing stage of the OVC group was lower than the SO group, while α-tocopherol supplementation in the ATF group had improved the healing until it was comparable to the SO group. The activities of the anti-oxidatant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the ATF group were found to be significantly higher than in the OVC group. In conclusion, α-tocopherol improved fracture healing but had no effect on the callous volume and staging. The improvement in fracture healing may be due to the increased activities of the anti-oxidatant enzymes in the bone during the early phase of fracture healing of osteoporotic bone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  20. Effect of cross-fostering on renal anti-oxidant/oxidant status and development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats
    Lee SK, Sirajudeen KN, Sundaram A, Zakaria R, Singh HJ
    Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2011 Dec;38(12):854-9.
    PMID: 21973174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05624.x
    1. The hypotensive effect of cross-fostering in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is thought to involve adjustments in renal function. However, its association with renal anti-oxidant/oxidant balance during cross-fostering is not known. 2. The present study examined the effect of cross-fostering and in-fostering of 1-day-old offspring between SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) dams on renal anti-oxidant/oxidant status and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Renal anti-oxidant/oxidant status and SBP were determined in the offspring from 4-16 weeks of age. 3. Cross-fostered SHR had significantly lower SBP than in-fostered SHR at 6, 8 and 12 weeks, but not at 16 weeks (127 ± 1 vs 144 ± 2, 138 ± 1 vs 160 ± 1, 174 ± 2 vs 184 ± 2 and 199 ± 2 vs 194 ± 3 mmHg at 6, 8, 12 and 16 weeks, respectively). No differences in SBP were evident between cross-fostered and in-fostered WKY rats. There were no significant differences in levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl and total anti-oxidant status (TAS) or superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase activity between cross-fostered and in-fostered SHR or WKY offspring. However, compared with WKY rats, catalase activity was higher at 6 and 16 weeks, TAS was higher at 16 weeks and GPx activity and TBARS were lower at 16 weeks in SHR. 4. It appears that cross-fostering of SHR offspring to WKY dams during the early postnatal period causes a transient delay in the rise in blood pressure in SHR and that this does not involve the renal anti-oxidant/oxidant system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*
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