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  1. Huang L, Ahmad NH, Juneja V, Stapp-Kamotani E, Gabiola J, Minocha U, et al.
    Food Microbiol, 2024 Apr;118:104420.
    PMID: 38049265 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104420
    During commercial production of liquid egg yolk (LEY), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is used to improve its emulsification capacity and thermal stability. The enzymatic treatment may occur at elevated temperatures such as 50 °C, potentially allowing foodborne pathogens, such as Bacillus cereus, to grow. Little knowledge is available concerning growth of B. cereus in LEY during PLA2 treatment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the growth kinetics of B. cereus during PLA2 treatment using pathogenic B. cytotoxicus NVH391-98, the most thermotolerant member in the B. cereus group, as a surrogate. Inoculated LEY samples were placed in precision programmable incubators to observe the growth of B. cytotoxicus NVH391-98 under multiple isothermal and dynamic temperature conditions between 20 and 53 °C. The bacterial growth was described using the differential Baranyi model coupled with two different secondary models. The kinetic parameters were determined using one-step dynamic inverse analysis of multiple growth curves. The least square method was used in combination with the 4th order Runge-Kutta method to solve the differential Baranyi model using multiple growth curves to determine the cardinal kinetic parameters. The results showed that B. cytotoxicus NVH391-98 can grow prolifically at 50 °C. The estimated minimum, optimum and maximum temperatures were 16.7 or 18.5, 47.8 or 48.1, and 52.1 or 52.4 °C, respectively, depending on the secondary models, with an optimum growth rate of 2.1 log colony-forming-unit (CFU)/g per hour. The dynamic model is validated using isothermal curves with reasonable accuracy. B. cytotoxicus died off slowly at 15 °C. At 55 °C, thermal inactivation was observed, with a D value of approximately 2.7 h. Holding at 55 °C or below 15 °C can effectively prevent the growth of B. cytotoxicus in egg yolk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  2. Abioye KJ, Harun NY, Sufian S, Yusuf M, Jagaba AH, Waqas S, et al.
    Environ Res, 2024 Apr 01;246:118027.
    PMID: 38159670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118027
    The study explores co-gasification of palm oil decanter cake and alum sludge, investigating the correlation between input variables and syngas production. Operating variables, including temperature (700-900 °C), air flow rate (10-30 mL/min), and particle size (0.25-2 mm), were optimized to maximize syngas production using air as the gasification agent in a fixed bed horizontal tube furnace reactor. Response Surface Methodology with the Box-Behnken design was used employed for optimization. Fourier Transformed Infra-Red (FTIR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FESEM) analyses were used to analyze the char residue. The results showed that temperature and particle size have positive effects, while air flow rate has a negative effect on the syngas yield. The optimal CO + H2 composition of 39.48 vol% was achieved at 900 °C, 10 mL/min air flow rate, and 2 mm particle size. FTIR analysis confirmed the absence of C─Cl bonds and the emergence of Si─O bonds in the optimized char residue, distinguishing it from the raw sample. FESEM analysis revealed a rich porous structure in the optimized char residue, with the presence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and aluminosilicates. These findings provide valuable insights for sustainable energy production from biomass wastes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  3. Ramakreshnan L, Aghamohammadi N
    Curr Environ Health Rep, 2024 Mar;11(1):4-17.
    PMID: 38172471 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00427-2
    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Unprecedented urbanization in Asia affects the net radiation and energy flux of urban areas in the form of urban heat islands (UHI). The application of nature-based solutions (NbS) via urban green and blue infrastructures is a promising approach to mitigate UHI via urban boundary condition modifications, which affect the energy balance. This narrative review discusses the application of green and blue infrastructures in the Asian context by highlighting its progress, challenges, and recommendations. This review is descriptive in nature and includes perspectives on the discussed topics.

    RECENT FINDINGS: Studies on the application of green and blue infrastructures in UHI mitigation are still scant in Asia. Their cooling performance is greatly influenced by their types, size, geometry, surface roughness, spread (threshold distance), temporal scales, topography, pollution levels, prevailing climate, and assessment techniques. Distinct urban characteristics, climatic conditions, environmental risks, lack of awareness and expertise, lack of policy and government incentives, and limited scientific studies are the major challenges in their implementation of UHI mitigation in Asia. Although green and blue infrastructures are associated with urban cooling, more in-depth experimental work and multidisciplinary research collaboration are paramount to exploring its implementation potential in Asia and other countries that share similar urban and environmental characteristics.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature*
  4. Syed Mohd Daud SM, Heo CC, Mohd Yusof MYP, Khoo LS, Chainchel Singh MK, Mahmood MS, et al.
    J Forensic Sci, 2024 Mar;69(2):542-553.
    PMID: 38402526 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15466
    Manual ground searches and cadaver dogs are traditional methods for locating remains, but they can be time- and resource-intensive, resulting in the decomposition of bodies and delay in victim identification. Therefore, thermal imaging has been proposed as a potentially useful tool for detecting remains based on their temperature. This study investigated the potential of a novel search technique of thermal drones to detect surface remains through the detection of maggot mass temperatures. Two trials were carried out at Selangor, Malaysia, each utilizing 12 healthy male Oryctolagus cuniculus European white rabbits and DJI Matrice 300 RTK drone China, equipped with a thermal camera; Zenmuse H20T to record the thermal imaging footage of the carcasses at various heights (15, 30, 60-100 m) for 14 days for each trial. Our results demonstrated that the larval masses and corresponding heat emissions were at their largest during the active decay stage; therefore, all the carcasses were observable in thermal images on day 5 and remained until day 7. Statistical analyses showed that (1) no statistically significant differences in thermal images between clothed and unclothed subjects (p > 0.05); (2) 15 m above ground level was proven to be the optimal height, as it showed the greatest contrast between the carcass heat signature and the background (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature*
  5. Allison SD, AdeelaYasid N, Shariff FM, Abdul Rahman N
    J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2024 Feb 28;34(2):436-456.
    PMID: 38044750 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06050
    Several thermostable proteases have been identified, yet only a handful have undergone the processes of cloning, comprehensive characterization, and full exploitation in various industrial applications. Our primary aim in this study was to clone a thermostable alkaline protease from a thermophilic bacterium and assess its potential for use in various industries. The research involved the amplification of the SpSKF4 protease gene, a thermostable alkaline serine protease obtained from the Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius SKF4 bacterium through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The purified recombinant SpSKF4 protease was characterized, followed by evaluation of its possible industrial applications. The analysis of the gene sequence revealed an open reading frame (ORF) consisting of 1,206 bp, coding for a protein containing 401 amino acids. The cloned gene was expressed in Escherichia coli. The molecular weight of the enzyme was measured at 28 kDa using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The partially purified enzyme has its highest activity at a pH of 10 and a temperature of 80°C. In addition, the enzyme showed a half-life of 15 h at 80°C, and there was a 60% increase in its activity at 10 mM Ca2+ concentration. The activity of the protease was completely inhibited (100%) by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF); however, the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) resulted in a 20% increase in activity. The enzyme was also stable in various organic solvents and in certain commercial detergents. Furthermore, the enzyme exhibited strong potential for industrial use, particularly as a detergent additive and for facilitating the recovery of silver from X-ray film.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  6. Hazir MHM, Gloor E, Docherty E, Galbraith D
    Tree Physiol, 2024 Feb 11;44(3).
    PMID: 38349811 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae022
    Land surface temperature is predicted to increase by 0.2 °C per decade due to climate change, although with considerable regional variability, and heatwaves are predicted to increase markedly in the future. These changes will affect where crops can be grown in the future. Understanding the thermal limits of plant physiological functioning and how flexible such limits are is thus important. Here, we report on the measurements of a core foliar thermotolerance trait, T50, defined as the temperature at which the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II declines by 50%, across nine different Malaysian Hevea brasiliensis clones. We explore the relative importance of interclonal versus intraclonal variation in T50 as well as its association with leaf and hydraulic traits. We find very low variation in T50 within individual clones (mean intraclonal coefficient of variation (CoV) of 1.26%) and little variation across clones (interclonal CoV of 2.1%). The interclonal variation in T50 was lower than for all other functional traits considered. The T50 was negatively related to leaf mass per area and leaf dry matter content, but it was not related to hydraulic traits such as embolism resistance (P50) or hydraulic safety margins (HSM50). The range of T50 observed (42.9-46.2 °C) is well above the current maximum air temperatures Tmax,obs (T50 - Tmax,obs >5.8 °C), suggesting that H. brasiliensis is likely thermally safe in this south-east Asian region of Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  7. Short AW, Sebastian JSV, Huang J, Wang G, Dassanayake M, Finnegan PM, et al.
    Tree Physiol, 2024 Feb 11;44(3).
    PMID: 38366388 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae019
    Low temperatures largely determine the geographic limits of plant species by reducing survival and growth. Inter-specific differences in the geographic distribution of mangrove species have been associated with cold tolerance, with exclusively tropical species being highly cold-sensitive and subtropical species being relatively cold-tolerant. To identify species-specific adaptations to low temperatures, we compared the chilling stress response of two widespread Indo-West Pacific mangrove species from Rhizophoraceae with differing latitudinal range limits-Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. ex Savigny (subtropical range limit) and Rhizophora apiculata Blume (tropical range limit). For both species, we measured the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) as a proxy for the physiological condition of the plants and examined gene expression profiles during chilling at 15 and 5 °C. At 15 °C, B. gymnorhiza maintained a significantly higher Fv/Fm than R. apiculata. However, at 5 °C, both species displayed equivalent Fv/Fm values. Thus, species-specific differences in chilling tolerance were only found at 15 °C, and both species were sensitive to chilling at 5 °C. At 15 °C, B. gymnorhiza downregulated genes related to the light reactions of photosynthesis and upregulated a gene involved in cyclic electron flow regulation, whereas R. apiculata downregulated more RuBisCo-related genes. At 5 °C, both species repressed genes related to CO2 assimilation. The downregulation of genes related to light absorption and upregulation of genes related to cyclic electron flow regulation are photoprotective mechanisms that likely contributed to the greater photosystem II photochemical efficiency of B. gymnorhiza at 15 °C. The results of this study provide evidence that the distributional range limits and potentially the expansion rates of plant species are associated with differences in the regulation of photosynthesis and photoprotective mechanisms under low temperatures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cold Temperature
  8. Li Z, Li L, Sokolova I, Shang Y, Huang W, Khor W, et al.
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2024 Feb;199:115979.
    PMID: 38171167 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115979
    Coastal habitats are exposed to increasing pressure of nanopollutants commonly combined with warming due to the seasonal temperature cycles and global climate change. To investigate the toxicological effects of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and elevated temperature on the intestinal health of the mussels (Mytilus coruscus), the mussels were exposed to 0.1 mg/L TiO2 NPs with different crystal structures for 14 days at 20 °C and 28 °C, respectively. Compared to 20 °C, the agglomeration of TiO2 NPs was more serious at 28 °C. Exposure to TiO2 NPs led to elevated mortality of M. coruscus and modified the intestinal microbial community as shown by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Exposure to TiO2 NPs changed the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The relative abundances of putative mutualistic symbionts Tenericutes and Fusobacteria increased in the gut of M. coruscus exposed to anatase, which have contributed to the lower mortality in this group. LEfSe showed the combined stress of warming and TiO2 NPs increased the risk of M. coruscus being infected with potential pathogenic bacteria. This study emphasizes the toxicity differences between crystal structures of TiO2 NPs, and will provides an important reference for analyzing the physiological and ecological effects of nanomaterial pollution on bivalves under the background of global climate change.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  9. Mat Husin MA, Mohd Yasin NH, Takriff MS, Jamar NH
    Prep Biochem Biotechnol, 2024 Feb;54(2):159-174.
    PMID: 37220018 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2214923
    Microalgal lipids are promising and sustainable sources for the production of third-generation biofuels, foods, and medicines. A high lipid yield during the extraction process in microalgae could be influenced by the suitable pretreatment and lipid extraction methods. The extraction method itself could be attributed to the economic and environmental impacts on the industry. This review summarizes the pretreatment methods including mechanical and non-mechanical techniques for cell lysis strategy before lipid extraction in microalgae biomass. The multiple strategies to achieve high lipid yields via cell disruption techniques are discussed. These strategies include mechanical (shear forces, pulse electric forces, waves, and temperature shock) and non-mechanical (chemicals, osmotic pressure, and biological) methods. At present, two techniques of the pretreatment method can be combined to increase lipid extraction from microalgae. Therefore, the extraction strategy for a large-scale application could be further strengthened to optimize lipid recovery by microalgae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  10. Fardi Z, Shahbeik H, Nosrati M, Motamedian E, Tabatabaei M, Aghbashlo M
    Environ Res, 2024 Feb 01;242:117614.
    PMID: 37996005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117614
    Waste-to-energy conversion presents a pivotal strategy for mitigating the energy crisis and curbing environmental pollution. Pyrolysis is a widely embraced thermochemical approach for transforming waste into valuable energy resources. This study delves into the co-pyrolysis of terrestrial biomass (potato peel) and marine biomass (Sargassum angastifolium) to optimize the quantity and quality of the resultant bio-oil and biochar. Initially, thermogravimetric analysis was conducted at varying heating rates (5, 20, and 50 °C/min) to elucidate the thermal degradation behavior of individual samples. Subsequently, comprehensive analyses employing FTIR, XRD, XRF, BET, FE-SEM, and GC-MS were employed to assess the composition and morphology of pyrolysis products. Results demonstrated an augmented bio-oil yield in mixed samples, with the highest yield of 27.1 wt% attained in a composition comprising 75% potato peel and 25% Sargassum angastifolium. As confirmed by GC-MS analysis, mixed samples exhibited reduced acidity, particularly evident in the bio-oil produced from a 75% Sargassum angastifolium blend, which exhibited approximately half the original acidity. FTIR analysis revealed key functional groups on the biochar surface, including O-H, CO, and C-O moieties. XRD and XRF analyses indicated the presence of alkali and alkaline earth metals in the biochar, while BET analysis showed a surface area ranging from 0.64 to 1.60 m2/g. The favorable characteristics of the products highlight the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of co-pyrolyzing terrestrial and marine biomass for the generation of biofuels and value-added commodities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature
  11. Karim KK, Gan F, Hong J, Hamdan M, Razali N, Tan PC
    Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM, 2024 Feb;6(2):101271.
    PMID: 38147896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101271
    BACKGROUND: The perineum is typically injured at the first vaginal birth. The application of a cold compress to the perineal repair site can reduce pain; however, the effect usually dissipates after a couple of hours. Repeated applications may be needed for sustained analgesia. However, the medium-term effect of repeated applications of cold compress on the perineal repair site on the recovery of sexual function and perineal healing is not known.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate repeated applications of cold vs room temperature (placebo control) compress to the repaired primiparous perineum on pain upon movement.

    STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a university hospital in Malaysia from May 2022 to February 2023. A total of 224 women with a repaired episiotomy or spontaneous second-degree tear sustained at normal delivery were randomized as follows: 113 to frozen gel pack and 111 to room temperature gel pack, as wound compress. The compress was applied to the perineal repair site at 3 timepoints: immediately after repair, and at 4 and 8 hours after delivery, for 20 minutes at each application. The primary outcomes were pain during movement at 12 and 24 hours after delivery, scored using the 0 to 10 numerical rating scale. The secondary outcomes include duration of hospital stay; analgesic consumption; recovery and functional metrics of reestablishing flatus, mobilization, and urination, breastfeeding; maternal satisfaction with the allocated compress; and after hospital discharge for up to 6 weeks after birth through telephone interview, analgesic consumption, perineal pain, resumption of vaginal sex, and women's perception of perineal wound healing.

    RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) of pain at movement scores were 4 (4-5) vs 5 (4-5) (P=.018) at 12 hours and 2 (1-3) vs 2 (2-3) (P=.173) at 24 hours after birth for cold vs room temperature compress, respectively. Maternal satisfaction scores were 8 (7-9) vs 7 (6-8) (P=.119), oral analgesic for perineal pain while at the postnatal ward was taken by 94 of 113 (83.2%) vs 85 of 109 (78.0%) (relative risk, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.21), and time to the first satisfactory breastfeeding episode was 11.6 (7.9-15.5) vs 13.0 (8.0-20.7) hours (P=.303) for cold vs room temperature compress, respectively. At 2 weeks telephone follow-up, analgesic intake and perineal pain were not different. At 6 weeks, analgesic intake, perineal pain, resumption of vaginal sex, exclusive breastfeeding, and maternal perception of perineal healing were not different.

    CONCLUSION: Intermittent cold compress in the first 8 hours to the repaired perineum reduces pain at 12 hours but the effect attenuates by 24 hours. Maternal satisfaction with their allocated compress was not different. There was no suggestion of harm or benefit on the other secondary outcomes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  12. Abdurabu Thabit H, Ismail AK, Kabir NA, Abu Mhareb MH, Al Mutairi AM, Bafaqeer A, et al.
    Luminescence, 2024 Feb;39(2):e4683.
    PMID: 38332469 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4683
    This work explores the thermoluminescence (TL) and photoluminescence (PL) properties of Ag/Y co-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanophosphor. The proposed dosimeter was prepared by the coprecipitation method and sintered at temperatures from 400°C to 1000°C in an air atmosphere. Raman spectroscopy was studied to investigate the structural features of this composition. The new proposed dosimeter revealed two peaks at 150°C and 175°C with a small shoulder at high temperature (225°C). The PL spectrum showed strong green emissions between 500 to 550 nm. The Raman spectrum showed many bands related to the interaction between ZnO, silver (Ag), and yttrium oxide (Y2 O3 ). The rising sintering temperature enhanced the TL glow curve intensity. The Ag/Y co-doped ZnO nanophosphor showed an excellent linearity index within a dose from 1 to 4 Gy. The minimum detectable dose (MDD) of the Ag/Y co-doped ZnO nanopowder (pellets) equaled 0.518 mGy. The main TL properties were achieved in this work as follows: thermal fading (37% after 45 days at 1 and 4 Gy), optical fading (53% after 1 h and 68% after 6 h by exposure to sunlight), effective atomic number (27.6), and energy response (flat behavior from 0.1 to 1.3 MeV). Finally, the proposed material shows promising results nominated to be used for radiation measurements.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  13. Thapa S, Zaki SA
    J Therm Biol, 2024 Feb;120:103809.
    PMID: 38364574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103809
    The sub-Himalayan region extends over 2500 km, extending over several countries. Though the effects of climate change is widely anticipated in the diverse but fragile ecosystem of the Himalayas, very less research has been conducted on the indoor environment of the buildings in these regions. In this study, a pre-validated model of 3-storey concrete residential building was used to study the indoor performance and thermal comfort in the face of climate change in the 8 (eight) different hill towns (hill stations) located from west to the east. Rise in ambient and indoor conditions were evident as a part of climate change with colder locations being affected the most. The thermal comfort assessment using both the climate chamber based PMV model and adaptive models revealed the decrease in cold related discomfort and increase in hot related discomfort. On an overall, the indoor conditions improved in these cold locations. The indoor and outdoor thermal condition and thermal comfort plummeted significantly with latitude and elevation. The heating demand in the future climate reduced by about 50-70 % in warmer locations, while the cooling demand increased by as much as 1000-2000 % in cold locations, respectively. Additionally, it was seen that the thermal environment and comfort both declined more rapidly with elevation in the locations lying in the western Himalayas as compared to those in the eastern Himalayas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cold Temperature; Temperature
  14. Mak NL, Ng WH, Ooi EH, Lau EV, Pamidi N, Foo JJ, et al.
    Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2024 Jan;243:107866.
    PMID: 37865059 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107866
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Thermochemical ablation (TCA) is a cancer treatment that utilises the heat released from the neutralisation of acid and base to raise tissue temperature to levels sufficient to induce thermal coagulation. Computational studies have demonstrated that the coagulation volume produced by sequential injection is smaller than that with simultaneous injection. By injecting the reagents in an ensuing manner, the region of contact between acid and base is limited to a thin contact layer sandwiched between the distribution of acid and base. It is hypothesised that increasing the frequency of acid-base injections into the tissue by shortening the injection interval for each reagent can increase the effective area of contact between acid and base, thereby intensifying neutralisation and the exothermic heat released into the tissue.

    METHODS: To verify this hypothesis, a computational model was developed to simulate the thermochemical processes involved during TCA with sequential injection. Four major processes that take place during TCA were considered, i.e., the flow of acid and base, their neutralisation, the release of exothermic heat and the formation of thermal damage inside the tissue. Equimolar acid and base at 7.5 M was injected into the tissue intermittently. Six injection intervals, namely 3, 6, 15, 20, 30 and 60 s were investigated.

    RESULTS: Shortening of the injection interval led to the enlargement of coagulation volume. If one considers only the coagulation volume as the determining factor, then a 15 s injection interval was found to be optimum. Conversely, if one places priority on safety, then a 3 s injection interval would result in the lowest amount of reagent residue inside the tissue after treatment. With a 3 s injection interval, the coagulation volume was found to be larger than that of simultaneous injection with the same treatment parameters. Not only that, the volume also surpassed that of radiofrequency ablation (RFA); a conventional thermal ablation technique commonly used for liver cancer treatment.

    CONCLUSION: The numerical results verified the hypothesis that shortening the injection interval will lead to the formation of larger thermal coagulation zone during TCA with sequential injection. More importantly, a 3 s injection interval was found to be optimum for both efficacy (large coagulation volume) and safety (least amount of reagent residue).

    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature; Temperature
  15. Altharan YM, Shamsudin S, Lajis MA, Al-Alimi S, Yusuf NK, Alduais NAM, et al.
    PLoS One, 2024;19(3):e0300504.
    PMID: 38484005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300504
    Direct recycling of aluminum waste is crucial in sustainable manufacturing to mitigate environmental impact and conserve resources. This work was carried out to study the application of hot press forging (HPF) in recycling AA6061 aluminum chip waste, aiming to optimize operating factors using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic algorithm (GA) strategy to maximize the strength of recycled parts. The experimental runs were designed using Full factorial and RSM via Minitab 21 software. RSM-ANN models were employed to examine the effect of factors and their interactions on response and to predict output, while GA-RSM and GA-ANN were used for optimization. The chips of different morphology were cold compressed into billet form and then hot forged. The effect of varying forging temperature (Tp, 450-550°C), holding time (HT, 60-120 minutes), and chip surface area to volume ratio (AS:V, 15.4-52.6 mm2/mm3) on ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was examined. Maximum UTS (237.4 MPa) was achieved at 550°C, 120 minutes and 15.4 mm2/mm3 of chip's AS: V. The Tp had the largest contributing effect ratio on the UTS, followed by HT and AS:V according to ANOVA analysis. The proposed optimization process suggested 550°C, 60 minutes, and 15.4 mm2 as the optimal condition yielding the maximum UTS. The developed models' evaluation results showed that ANN (with MSE = 1.48%) outperformed RSM model. Overall, the study promotes sustainable production by demonstrating the potential of integrating RSM and ML to optimize complex manufacturing processes and improve product quality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cold Temperature; Temperature
  16. Yeoh CW, Law WC
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2023 Dec 22;102(51):e36676.
    PMID: 38134114 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036676
    RATIONALE: Heat-related illnesses have protean manifestations that can mimic other life-threatening conditions. The diagnosis of heat stroke requires a high index of suspicion if the patient has been exposed to a high-temperature environment. Central nervous system dysfunction is a cardinal feature. Strict adherence to temperature criteria can potentially lead to misdiagnosis.

    PATIENT CONCERNS: A 37-year-old construction worker was brought in by his wife and coworker due to a sudden loss of consciousness while resting after completing his work.

    DIAGNOSES: Due to challenges faced during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, as well as language barriers, a detailed history from the coworker who witnessed the patient's altered sensorium was not available. He was initially suspected of having encephalitis and brainstem stroke. However, subsequent investigations revealed multiorgan dysfunction with a normal brain computed tomography and cerebral computed tomography angiogram. In view of the multiple risk factors for heat stroke, pupillary constriction, and urine color suggestive of rhabdomyolysis, a diagnosis of heat stroke was made.

    INTERVENTIONS: Despite delayed diagnosis, the patient's multiorgan dysfunction recovered within days with basic supportive care.

    OUTCOMES: There were no noticeable complications on follow-up 14 months later.

    LESSONS: Heat stroke can be easily confused with other neurological pathologies, particularly if no history can be obtained from the patient or informant. When approaching a comatose patient, we propose that serum creatinine kinase should be considered as an initial biochemical screening test.

    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  17. Abu Bakar N, Lau BYC, González-Aravena M, Smykla J, Krzewicka B, Karsani SA, et al.
    Microb Ecol, 2023 Dec 07;87(1):11.
    PMID: 38060022 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02311-w
    In understanding stress response mechanisms in fungi, cold stress has received less attention than heat stress. However, cold stress has shown its importance in various research fields. The following study examined the cold stress response of six Pseudogymnoascus spp. isolated from various biogeographical regions through a proteomic approach. In total, 2541 proteins were identified with high confidence. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed diversity in the cold stress response pathways for all six Pseudogymnoascus spp. isolates, with metabolic and translation-related processes being prominent in most isolates. 25.6% of the proteins with an increase in relative abundance were increased by more than 3.0-fold. There was no link between the geographical origin of the isolates and the cold stress response of Pseudogymnoascus spp. However, one Antarctic isolate, sp3, showed a distinctive cold stress response profile involving increased flavin/riboflavin biosynthesis and methane metabolism. This Antarctic isolate (sp3) was also the only one that showed decreased phospholipid metabolism in cold stress conditions. This work will improve our understanding of the mechanisms of cold stress response and adaptation in psychrotolerant soil microfungi, with specific attention to the fungal genus Pseudogymnoascus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cold Temperature
  18. Popović ŽV, Thiha A, Ibrahim F, Petrović BB, Dahlan NA, Milić L, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2023 Dec 02;13(1):21277.
    PMID: 38042878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48379-9
    Intraoral theranostics, the integration of diagnostics and therapeutics within the oral cavity, is gaining significant traction. This pioneering approach primarily addresses issues like xerostomia (dry mouth), commonly resulting from cancer treatment, with a specific focus on monitoring temperature and humidity. This paper introduces the innovative Intra-Oral Portable Micro-Electronic (IOPM) fluidic theranostic device platform. It leverages conventional dental spoons by incorporating advanced sensors for precise measurements of oral temperature and humidity. Personalization options include a microfluidic chip and a tooth model, enabling targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to optimize treatment outcomes. The electronic control system simplifies the administration of fluid dosages, intelligently adjusted based on real-time oral cavity temperature and humidity readings. Rigorous experimental evaluations validate the platform's precision in delivering fluid volumes at predefined intervals. This platform represents a transformative advancement for individuals contending with oral health challenges such as xerostomia (dry mouth). Furthermore, it has the potential to elevate oral healthcare standards by providing advanced diagnostics and tailored therapeutic solutions, benefiting both patients and dental professionals alike.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  19. Krishnakumar P, Sundaramurthy S, Baredar P, Suresh A, Khan MA, Sharma G, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Dec;30(60):125104-125116.
    PMID: 37099105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26991-6
    There are several environmental and human health impacts if human hair waste is not adequately disposed of. In this study, pyrolysis of discarded human hair was carried out. This research focused on the pyrolysis of discarded human hair under controlled environmental conditions. The effects of the mass of discarded human hair and temperature on bio-oil yield were studied. The proximate and ultimate analyses and calorific values of disposed of human hair, bio-oil, and biochar were determined. Further, chemical compounds of bio-oil were analyzed using a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer. Finally, the kinetic modeling and behavior of the pyrolysis process were characterized through FT-IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Based on the optimized mass of disposed of human hair, 250 g had a better bio-oil yield of 97% in the temperature range of 210-300 °C. The different parameters of bio-oil were: pH (2.87), specific gravity (1.17), moisture content (19%), heating value (19.34 MJ/kg), and viscosity (50 CP). C (56.4%), H (6.1%), N (0.16%), S (0.01%), O (38.4%), and Ash (0.1%) were discovered to be the elemental chemical composition of bio-oil (on a dry basis). During breakdown, the release of different compounds like hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, acids, and alcohols takes place. According to the GC-MS results, several amino acids were discovered in the bio-oil, 12 abundant in the discarded human hair. The FTIR and thermal analysis found different concluding temperatures and wave numbers for functional groups. Two main stages are partially separated at about 305 °C, with maximum degradation rates at about 293 oC and 400-4140 °C, respectively. The mass loss was 30% at 293 0C and 82% at temperatures above 293 0C. When the temperature reached 4100C, the entire bio-oil from discarded human hair was distilled or thermally decomposed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature*
  20. Pant P, Rajawat AS, Goyal SB, Chakrabarti P, Bedi P, Salau AO
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Dec;30(60):125176-125187.
    PMID: 37402910 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28466-0
    The fate of humankind and all other life forms on earth is threatened by a foe, known as climate change. All parts of the world are affected directly or indirectly by this phenomenon. The rivers are drying up in some places and in other places, it is flooding. The global temperature is rising every year and the heat waves are taking many souls. The cloud of "extinction" is upon the majority of flora and fauna; even humans are prone to various fatal and life-shortening diseases from pollution. This is all caused by us. The so-called "development" by deforestation, releasing toxic chemicals into air and water, burning of fossil fuels in the name of industrialisation, and many others have made an irreversible cut in the heart of the environment. However, it is not too late; all of this could be healed back with the help of technology and our efforts together. As per the international climate reports, the average global temperature has increased by a little more than 1 °C since 1880s. The research is primarily focused on the use of machine learning and its algorithm to train a model that predicts the ice meltdown of a glacier, given the features using the Multivariate Linear Regression. The research strongly encourages the use of features by manipulating them to determine the feature with a major impact on the cause. The burning of coal and fossil fuels is the main source of pollution as per the study. The research focuses on the challenges to gather data that would be faced by the researchers and the requirement of the system for the development of the model. The study is aimed to spread awareness in society about the destruction we have caused and urges everyone to come forward and save the planet.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
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