Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 122 in total

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  1. Axéll T, Zain RB, Siwamogstham P, Tantiniran D, Thampipit J
    Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 1990 Apr;18(2):95-9.
    PMID: 2335069
    At the Faculties of Dentistry in Chiang Mai, Thailand (CM), and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (KL), 234 and 233 consecutive out-patients of mean ages 33.8 and 31.0 yr, respectively, were examined for the presence of oral mucosal lesions. Tobacco in some form was regularly used by 31.7% and 27.5% of the study populations in CM and KL, respectively. Cigarette smoking was the predominant habit. In CM three persons chewed betel quids and nine smoked banana leaf cigars daily. In addition, there were 24 habitual chewers of tea leaves (miang). In KL six persons chewed betel quids daily. In CM and KL three cases each (1.3%) of tobacco-associated leukoplakias were found. In KL an additional idiopathic leukoplakia was registered. One and three cases of betel related lesions were found in CM and KL, respectively. One case of a squamous cell carcinoma was found in a 45-yr-old Indian woman in KL who had been chewing betel with tobacco daily for many years. High prevalence figures were found for lichen planus, 3.8% in CM and 2.1% in KL, and an extremely high one, 48.3%, in CM for episodes of aphthous ulcers experienced during the last 2 yr. Comparatively low prevalence figures were found for herpes labialis. As could be expected melanin pigmentation was prevalent while only low figures were encountered for denture-related lesions and amalgam tattoos.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  2. Hedin CA, Axéll T
    J Oral Pathol Med, 1991 Jan;20(1):8-12.
    PMID: 2002444
    At the faculties of dentistry in Chiang Mai, Thailand (CM), and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (KL), 234 and 233 consecutive out-patients were interviewed concerning tobacco and chewing habits and examined for the presence of oral melanin pigmentation. Tobacco was regularly used by 32% and 28% of the studied populations in CM and KL. Cigarette smoking was the predominant habit, but the chewing of betel and tea leaves (miang) and the smoking of banana leaf cigars (khi yo) was also registered. The genetically acquired pigmentation dominated. Although nearly all non-tobacco users in the Malay and Indian populations had oral melanin pigmentation, it was found that tobacco smokers had significantly more oral surfaces pigmented than non-tobacco users. Among Thais, the percentage of pigmented individuals was significantly higher among tobacco smokers. It was concluded that tobacco smoking stimulates oral melanocytes to a higher melanin production also in dark-skinned ethnic groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  3. Puribhat S
    Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 1992 Jul;19(8 Suppl):1153-9.
    PMID: 1514828
    Most of Asian Countries are still developing. Hence there are constraints in cancer treatment. There are those countries with fully equipped and fully distributed like western world such as Japan, Korea and Singapore. Other with some comprehensive cancer centers but confine to only big cities with poor coverage of the population resulting in a lot of late cases of cancer patients seen. Such countries are Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri-Lanka, Thailand and etc. Still a lot of countries have no facilities to cope with cancer patients such as Brunei, Kampuchea, Laos, Nepal, Vietnam and etc. International collaboration and supports are needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  4. Laosombat V, Fucharoen SP, Panich V, Fucharoen G, Wongchanchailert M, Sriroongrueng W, et al.
    Am J Hematol, 1992 Nov;41(3):194-8.
    PMID: 1415194
    A total of 103 beta thalassemia genes from 78 children (45 with Hb E/beta thalassemia, 8 with beta thalassemia heterozygotes, and 25 with homozygous beta thalassemia) were analyzed using dot-blot hybridization of the polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA and direct DNA sequencing. Nine mutations were characterized in 98/103 (95%) of beta thalassemia alleles, of which six (a 4 bp deletion in codons 41-42, a G-C transition at position 5 of IVS-1, A-G transition at codon 19, an A-T transition at codon 17, an A-G transition at position -28 upstream of the beta globin gene, a G-T transition at position 1 of IVS-1), accounted for 92%. The spectrum of beta thalassemia mutations in Chinese Thai is similar to that reported among the Chinese from other parts of the world. The distribution of beta thalassemia mutations in Muslim Thai is similar to that reported among Malaysians. The most common beta thalassemia mutation in Thai and Chinese Thai patients is the frameshift mutation at codons 41-42, in comparison with the Muslim Thai in whom the G-C transition at position 5 of the IVS-1 mutation predominates. The heterogeneity of molecular defects causing beta thalassemia should aid in the planning of a prenatal diagnosis program for beta thalassemia in the South of Thailand.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  5. Weniger BG, Takebe Y, Ou CY, Yamazaki S
    AIDS, 1994;8 Suppl 2:S13-28.
    PMID: 7857556
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  6. Hii J, Alexander N, Chuan CK, Rahman HA, Safri A, Chan M
    PMID: 8629079
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  7. Tsuchie H, Saraswathy TS, Sinniah M, Vijayamalar B, Maniar JK, Monzon OT, et al.
    Int J STD AIDS, 1995 Mar-Apr;6(2):117-20.
    PMID: 7779924 DOI: 10.1177/095646249500600211
    HIV spread in South and South-East Asia is most alarming, and genetic variability of HIV-1 is an important consideration in vaccine development. In this study, we examined the third variable (V3) region of env gene of HIV-1 variants prevalent in Thailand, Malaysia, India, and the Philippines. By phylogenetic tree analyses, an HIV-1 variant from an injecting drug user (IDU) in Thailand belonged to subtype B, and HIV-1 variants from 2 IDUs in Malaysia were classified into 2 subtypes, B and E. One HIV-1 variant from a male homosexual in the Philippines belonged to subtype B. Out of 8 HIV-1 variants from sexually transmitted disease patients in India, 7 belonged to subtype C, and one to subtype A. Although the total number of individuals examined in this study was limited, 4 HIV-1 subtypes were found in South and South-East Asia and large international movements of HIV-1-infected individuals in this region could induce global dissemination of these HIV-1 variants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  8. Cassol S, Weniger BG, Babu PG, Salminen MO, Zheng X, Htoon MT, et al.
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 1996 Oct 10;12(15):1435-41.
    PMID: 8893051
    Global surveillance of HIV-1 subtypes for genetic characterization is hampered by the biohazard of processing and the difficulties of shipping whole blood or cells from many developing country regions. We developed a technique for the direct automated sequencing of viral DNA from dried blood spot (DBS) specimens collected on absorbent paper, which can be mailed unrefrigerated in sturdy paper envelopes with low biohazard risk. DBS were collected nonrandomly from HIV-1-infected, mostly asymptomatic, patients in five Asian countries in 1991, and shipped via airmail or hand carried without refrigeration to Bangkok, and then transshipped to North America for processing. After more than 2 years of storage, including 6 months at ambient temperatures, proviral DNA in the DBS was amplified by nested PCR, and a 389-nucleotide segment of the C2-V3 env gene region was sequenced, from which 287 base pairs were aligned and subtyped by phylogenetic analysis with neighbor-joining and other methods. From southern India, there were 25 infections with subtype C and 2 with subtype A. From Myanmar (Burma), we identified the first subtype E infection, as well as six subtype BB, a distinct cluster within subtype B that was first discovered in Thailand and that has now appeared in China, Malaysia, and Japan. From southwest China, one BB was identified, while a "classical" B typical of North American and European strains was found in Indonesia. From Thailand, five DBS of ambiguous serotype were identified as three B, one BB, and one E. A blinded control serotype E specimen was correctly identified, but a serotype BB control was not tested. Most HIV-1 in southern India appears to be env subtype C, with rare A, as others have reported in western and northern India. The subtypes BB and E in Myanmar, and the BB in China, suggest epidemiological linkage with these subtypes in neighboring Thailand. DBS are a practical, economical technique for conducting large-scale molecular epidemiological surveillance to track the global distribution and spread of HIV-1 variants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  9. Lee BW
    Trop Med Int Health, 1998 Nov;3(11):886-90.
    PMID: 9855401
    Varicella zoster virus (VZV) predominantly affects children in temperate countries, with near-universal seroconversion occurring by late childhood. However, in tropical regions, VZV infection is common in adolescents and adults. This review identifies age-related VZV seroprevalence patterns in a number of Asian countries which indicate that seroconversion in tropical countries occurs at a later age than in temperate countries. Seasonal and regional variations in acute disease within some Asian countries suggest that temperate climates might favour transmission of the varicella virus, with incidence peaking during cooler months and in cooler, more temperate regions. VZV infection is often more severe in adults than in children, suggesting that tropical countries may be at risk of greater morbidity and mortality as a result of later-age seroconversion. Susceptibility of pregnant women and their infants, and of people infected with HIV/AIDS is also cause for concern. Vaccination may be beneficial in reducing the impact of VZV in Asian populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  10. Jamal F
    Vaccine, 1999 Jul 30;17 Suppl 1:S75-8.
    PMID: 10471186
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  11. Thassri J, Kala N, Chusintong L, Phongthanasarn J, Boonsrirat S, Jirojwong S
    J Adv Nurs, 2000 Dec;32(6):1450-8.
    PMID: 11136413
    The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Thailand is higher than neighbouring developing countries including Malaysia and Singapore. The 1993 MMR of Thailand was 249 per 100 000 livebirths which was four times higher than the rates in Malaysia and Singapore (World Health Organization 1995). The major causes of these deaths were haemorrhage, toxaemia of pregnancy and sepsis which were likely to be prevented by adequate prenatal care (Thailand Ministry of Public Health 1996). A large proportion of Thai pregnant women have poor health. Between 1994 and 1995, a national study conducted by Thailand Ministry of Health showed that 39% of pregnant women were anaemic, defined as haemoglobin concentration lower than 33% (Supamethaporn 1997). Another study conducted in the southern region also indicated that 13.8% of pregnant women were anaemic caused by iron deficiency (Phatthanapreechakul et al. 1997). Other behaviours which increased risks associated with child birth included non-antenatal care (ANC) attendance, undertaking physically demanding tasks and failure to increase nutritional intake during their pregnancy period (N. Phiriyanuphong et al. 1992, unpublished report). These factors emphasize the importance of a health education programme which could facilitate women to, for example, increase protein and iron intake during pregnancy which would reduce complications from their poor health status. This study was conducted in a regional hospital in Thailand where there was no systematic and well-planned health education programme for pregnant women. The initial aim was to design a health education programme using input from the hospital health care professionals including obstetricians, nurses, nutritionists, health educators and health promoters. An active involvement of these personnel assisted to sustain the provision of the programme provided for pregnant women after the cessation of the study project. Another aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of the programme using a pre-test-post-test method among selected pregnant women who participated in the newly designed health education programme.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  12. Chen MY, Lee CN
    Adv Pharmacol, 2000;49:417-36.
    PMID: 11013770
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  13. Lau EM, Lee JK, Suriwongpaisal P, Saw SM, Das De S, Khir A, et al.
    Osteoporos Int, 2001;12(3):239-43.
    PMID: 11315243 DOI: 10.1007/s001980170135
    The Asian Osteoporosis Study (AOS) is the first multicenter study to document and compare the incidence of hip fracture in four Asian countries. Hosital discharge data for the year 1997 were obtained for the Hong Kong SAR, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand (Chiang Mai). The number of patients who were 50 years of age and older and who were discharged with a diagnosis of hip fracture (ICD9 820) was enumerated. The age-specific incidence rates were deduced and were directly adjusted to the US white population in 1989. The age-adjusted rates for men and women (per 100,000) are as follows: Hong Kong, 180 and 459; Singapore, 164 and 442; Malaysia, 88 and 218; Thailand, 114 and 289; compared with US White rates of 187 in men and 535 in women, published in 1989. We conclude that there is moderate variation in the incidence of hip fracture among Asian countries. The rates were highest in urbanized countries. With rapid economic development in Asia, hip fracture will prove to be a major public health challenge.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  14. Ghuman SJ
    Demography, 2003 Aug;40(3):419-36.
    PMID: 12962056 DOI: 10.1353/dem.2003.0021
    In this article, I evaluate the hypothesis that higher infant and child mortality among Muslim populations is related to the lower autonomy of Muslim women using data from 15 pairs of Muslim and non-Muslim communities in India, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. Women's autonomy in various spheres is not consistently lower in Muslim than in non-Muslim settings. Both across and within communities, the association between women's autonomy and mortality is weak, and measures of autonomy or socioeconomic status are generally of limited import for understanding the Muslim disadvantage in children's survival.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  15. Konchom S, Singhasivanon P, Kaewkungwal J, Chupraphawan S, Thimasarn K, Kidson C, et al.
    PMID: 15115117
    The intercountry border areas of Thailand have high malaria receptivity and vulnerability that present numerous problems in the control of malaria transmission. This study focused on the 30 provinces of Thailand situated next to neighboring countries, which can be divided into 4 groups: the Thai-Myanmar border (10 provinces), the Thai-Cambodia border (6 provinces), the Thai-Lao border (10 provinces) and the Thai-Malaysia border (4 provinces). The purpose of the present study was to describe the pattern and trend of malaria incidence in the highly endemic provinces along the Thai borders for the 11 years from 1991 to 2001. Analysis of trends showed the distribution of malaria parasites to have shifted from a preponderance of Plasmodium falciparum to Plasmodium vivax along the western border with Myanmar, the northern border with Lao PDR and along the eastern border with Cambodia whereas the southern border with Malaysia the pattern changed from a preponderance of P. vivax to P. falciparum, since 1997. There was a significant difference in annual parasite incidence between borders and non-border districts, especially along the Thai-Myanmar and Thai-Cambodia borders. It is thus evident that all border districts should pay more attention to control of malaria transmission and the activities of the malaria surveillance system, and that monitoring and evaluation of the Thai Malaria Control Program needs to be performed consistently, including some areas where a few malaria cases were found as well as in malaria free areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  16. Yenchitsomanus PT, Sawasdee N, Paemanee A, Keskanokwong T, Vasuvattakul S, Bejrachandra S, et al.
    J Hum Genet, 2003;48(9):451-456.
    PMID: 12938018 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-003-0059-6
    We have previously demonstrated that compound heterozygous (SAO/G701D) and homozygous (G701D/G701D) mutations of the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) gene, encoding erythroid and kidney AE1 proteins, cause autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (AR dRTA) in Thai patients. It is thus of interest to examine the prevalence of these mutations in the Thai population. The SAO and G701D mutations were examined in 844 individuals from north, northeast, central, and south Thailand. Other reported mutations including R602H, DeltaV850, and A858D were also examined in some groups of subjects. The SAO mutation was common in the southern Thai population; its heterozygote frequency was 7/206 and estimated allele frequency 1.70%. However, this mutation was not observed in populations of three other regions of Thailand. In contrast, the G701D mutation was not found in the southern population but was observed in the northern, northeastern, and central populations, with heterozygote frequencies of 1/216, 3/205, and 1/217, and estimated allele frequencies of 0.23%, 0.73%, and 0.23%, respectively. The higher allele frequency of the G701D mutation in the northeastern Thai population corresponds to our previous finding that all Thai patients with AR dRTA attributable to homozygous G701D mutation originate from this population. This suggests that the G701D allele that is observed in this region might arise in northeastern Thailand. The presence of patients with compound heterozygous SAO/G701D in southern Thailand and Malaysia and their apparently absence in northeastern Thailand indicate that the G701D allele may have migrated to the southern peninsular region where SAO is common, resulting in pathogenic allelic interaction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  17. Shimizu H, Utama A, Onnimala N, Li C, Li-Bi Z, Yu-Jie M, et al.
    Pediatr Int, 2004 Apr;46(2):231-5.
    PMID: 15056257
    Recently, there have been large outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) mainly caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) associated with severe neurological diseases in the Western Pacific Region (WPR). To monitor the realtime trend of EV71 transmission throughout the WPR, the authors conducted a molecular epidemiological analysis of EV71 infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  18. Choi BC
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2004 Nov 19;4:989-1006.
    PMID: 15578123
    This was an international study of women's health issues, based on an Official Study Tour in Southeast Asia (the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Singapore) and Canada. The objectives of the study were to identify and compare current gaps in surveillance, research, and programs and policies, and to predict trends of women's health issues in developing countries based on the experience of developed countries. Key informant interviews (senior government officials, university researchers, and local experts), self-administered questionnaires, courtesy calls, and literature searches were used to collect data. The participating countries identified women's health as an important issue, especially for reproductive health (developing countries) and senior's health (developed countries). Cancer, lack of physical activity, high blood pressure, diabetes, poverty, social support, caring role for family, and informing, educating, and empowering people about women's health issues were the main concerns. Based on this study, 17 recommendations were made on surveillance, research, and programs and policies. A number of forthcoming changes in women''s health patterns in developing countries were also predicted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  19. Yamagata J, Ahmed K, Khawplod P, Mannen K, Xuyen DK, Loi HH, et al.
    Microbiol. Immunol., 2007;51(9):833-40.
    PMID: 17895600
    The present study was done to determine the molecular epidemiology of rabies virus (RV) in Vietnam. The nucleoprotein (N) and glycoprotein (G) genes of RVs were amplified from the brains of ten rabid dogs of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The nucleotide sequences of these genes were compared with those of other Asian strains to find the possible relationship among them. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Asian N gene segregated into three main branches, namely South-East Asia 1 (SEA 1), South-East Asia 2 (SEA 2) and Indian subcontinent (ISC) genotypes. The SEA 1 genotype comprised RVs from Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand. The SEA 2 genotype contained strains from the Philippines, and the ISC genotype comprised strains from Sri Lanka and India. Phylogenetically G genes of RVs from Vietnam and Thailand were clustered together. Our study suggests that Vietnamese and Thai RVs are closely related and might have originated from a common ancestor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
  20. Lim SK, Kung AW, Sompongse S, Soontrapa S, Tsai KS
    Curr Med Res Opin, 2008 Jan;24(1):99-106.
    PMID: 18028585
    OBJECTIVE: To review data on the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and its causes in postmenopausal women in Eastern Asia.

    RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD: Data were obtained from the published biomedical literature as well as abstracts and posters presented at scientific meetings. Using MEDLINE, EMBASE and BIOSIS databases (to July 2007), epidemiological studies were identified using the search terms: 'human', 'vitamin D', 'vitamin D deficiency', 'vitamin D inadequacy', 'vitamin D insufficiency' and 'hypovitaminosis D', 'osteomalacia' and 'osteoporosis'. Additional references were also identified from the bibliographies of published articles.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in studies of postmenopausal women (ambulatory or with osteoporosis or related musculoskeletal disorders) in Eastern Asia ranged from 0 to 92%, depending on the cut-off level of serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D] that was applied (range < or =6-35 ng/mL [< or = 15-87 nmol/L]). One large international study found that 71% of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in Eastern Asia had vitamin D inadequacy, defined as serum levels of 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L). Prevalence rates using this cut-off level were 47% in Thailand, 49% in Malaysia, 90% in Japan and 92% in South Korea. High prevalences of vitamin D inadequacy were evident in two studies using a lower 25(OH)D level cut-off value of < 12 ng/mL (30 nmol/L) - 21% in China and 57% in South Korea. Dietary deficiency and inadequate exposure or reactivity to sunlight (due to lifestyle choices, cultural customs and/or aging) were identified as important risk factors for vitamin D inadequacy.

    CONCLUSIONS: Non-uniform, epidemiological studies indicate a high prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in postmenopausal women in Eastern Asia. Recommended remedial approaches are education campaigns and broad-based provision of vitamin D supplementation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Thailand/epidemiology
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