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Fulltext Prevalence and clinical characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome among Malaysian Hypertensive subjects using the International Diabetes Federation definition

A Azizi, HM Rafidah

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(1):3-9.
MyJurnal

Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and clinical characteristics in hypertensive patients according to the criteria of the new International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition. Hypertensive patients were recruited from the Medical Out-Patient Department, Kuantan Hospital. The five components of metabolic syndrome were examined which included blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg), fasting glucose (≥5.6mmol/L), fasting triglycerides (≥1.7 mmol/L), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level (80cm). Out of 139 hypertensive patients, there were 113 met all the selection criteria consisted of 61 male and 52 female subjects. The participants’ age ranged from 21 to 91 years (51.9±16.8 years; mean±SD), and body mass index 13.5-42.3 kg/m2 (27.5±4.9 kg/m2). According to the IDF criteria, the prevalence of central obesity was 67.2% in men and 84.6% in women. Among the 113 hypertensive subjects over 21 years of age, 51 subjects or 45.1% had metabolic syndrome. The present data revealed that there was high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Malaysian hypertensive subjects. This finding was supported by the fact of high prevalence of central obesity among the study subjects.
Study site: Medical clinic, Hospital Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides
Fulltext Palm-based diacylglycerol fat dry fractionation: effect of crystallisation temperature, cooling rate and agitation speed on physical and chemical properties of fractions

Ab Latip R, Lee YY, Tang TK, Phuah ET, Lee CM, Tan CP, et al.

PeerJ, 2013;1:e72.
PMID: 23682348 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.72

Fractionation which separates the olein (liquid) and stearin (solid) fractions of oil is used to modify the physicochemical properties of fats in order to extend its applications. Studies showed that the properties of fractionated end products can be affected by fractionation processing conditions. In the present study, dry fractionation of palm-based diacylglycerol (PDAG) was performed at different: cooling rates (0.05, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0°C/min), end-crystallisation temperatures (30, 35, 40, 45 and 50°C) and agitation speeds (30, 50, 70, 90 and 110 rpm) to determine the effect of these parameters on the properties and yield of the solid and liquid portions. To determine the physicochemical properties of olein and stearin fraction: Iodine value (IV), fatty acid composition (FAC), acylglycerol composition, slip melting point (SMP), solid fat content (SFC), thermal behaviour tests were carried out. Fractionation of PDAG fat changes the chemical composition of liquid and solid fractions. In terms of FAC, the major fatty acid in olein and stearin fractions were oleic (C18:1) and palmitic (C16:0) respectively. Acylglycerol composition showed that olein and stearin fractions is concentrated with TAG and DAG respectively. Crystallization temperature, cooling rate and agitation speed does not affect the IV, SFC, melting and cooling properties of the stearin fraction. The stearin fraction was only affected by cooling rate which changes its SMP. On the other hand, olein fraction was affected by crystallization temperature and cooling rate but not agitation speed which caused changes in IV, SMP, SFC, melting and crystallization behavior. Increase in both the crystallization temperature and cooling rate caused a reduction of IV, increment of the SFC, SMP, melting and crystallization behaviour of olein fraction and vice versa. The fractionated stearin part melted above 65°C while the olein melted at 40°C. SMP in olein fraction also reduced to a range of 26 to 44°C while SMP of stearin fractions increased to (60-62°C) compared to PDAG.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides
Effect of heating on oxidation stability and fatty acid composition of microwave roasted groundnut seed oil

Abbas Ali M, Anowarul Islam M, Othman NH, Noor AM

J Food Sci Technol, 2017 Dec;54(13):4335-4343.
PMID: 29184239 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2904-1

The oxidative stability and fatty acid composition of groundnut seed oil (GSO) exposed to microwaves were evaluated during heating at 170 °C. During heating, the oxidative indices such as free fatty acid, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, TOTOX, thiobarbituric acid value, specific extinctions, and color value were increased. The increments were found to be higher in unroasted seed oils compared to roasted ones indicating lower release of lipid oxidation products in roasted GSO. After 9 h heating, the relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) decreased to 89.53% and that of saturated fatty acid (SFA) increased to 117.46% in unroasted sample. The relative content of PUFA decreased to 92.05% and that of SFA increased to 105.76% in 7.5 min roasted sample after 9 h of heating. However, the roasting process slowed down the oxidative deterioration of PUFA. With increased heating times, an appreciable loss was more apparent in the triacylglycerol species OLL and OOL in unroasted samples compared to roasted ones. In FTIR, the peak intensities in unroasted samples were markedly changed in comparison with roasted samples during heating. The roasting of groundnut seed prior to the oil extraction reduced the oxidative degradation of oil samples; thereby increasing heat stability.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides
Fulltext Effects of Inclusion of Different Doses of Persicaria odorata Leaf Meal (POLM) in Broiler Chicken Feed on Biochemical and Haematological Blood Indicators and Liver Histomorphological Changes

Abdul Basit M, Abdul Kadir A, Loh TC, Abdul Aziz S, Salleh A, Kaka U, et al.

Animals (Basel), 2020 Jul 16;10(7).
PMID: 32708616 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071209

This research was conducted to estimate the effects of Persicaria odorata leaf meal (POLM) on haematological indices, serum biochemical attributes, and internal organs parameters, including histomorphological features of the liver, in broiler chickens. A total of 120 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly allocated into four experimental groups. The dietary treatments were basal diet (BD), which served as the control (C), along with BD + 2 g/kg POLM (Po2), BD + 4 g/kg POLM (Po4), BD + 8 g/kg POLM (Po8), which were the supplemented groups. The body weight gain (BWG) showed a linear increase and feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a linear decrease with increasing POLM dosage at day 42 (p ˂ 0.05) and for the overall growth performance period (p ˂ 0.01). On day 21 and day 42, the values of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), haemoglobin (Hb), and packed cell volume (PCV) showed linear increases (p ˂0.05) as the dosage of POLM increased in the diet. On day 21, dietary supplementation of POLM linearly decreased (p ˂ 0.05) the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), and serum levels of urea and creatinine. On the other hand, serum levels of total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin showed a linear increase (p ˂ 0.05) as the POLM dosage increased. On day 42, the serum activity of AST and ALT and serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and creatinine showed linear decreases (p ˂ 0.05) with increased levels of POLM in the diet. However, POLM supplementation linearly increased (p ˂ 0.05) the serum levels of TP and globulin. Dietary inclusion of POLM did not influence the organ parameters and showed no adverse effects on the liver histomorphology. In conclusion, supplementation of POLM increased the growth performance, improving haematological indices and serum biochemistry profiles of broiler chickens without any deleterious effects on the liver histomorphology. The results of the present study provide evidence that POLM can be safely used at a dose rate of 8 g/kg of feed as an alternative to conventional antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs).

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides
Fulltext The Effect of Labisia pumila var. alata on Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study

Abdul Kadir A, Nik Hussain NH, Wan Bebakar WM, Mohd DM, Wan Mohammad WM, Hassan II, et al.

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:216525.
PMID: 22701504 DOI: 10.1155/2012/216525

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing the effects of a water extract of Labisia pumila var. alata at 280 mg/day with placebo, given for 6 months in postmenopausal Malay women. There were 29 patients treated with Labisia pumila and 34 patients in the placebo group. Menopausal symptoms were assessed at baseline and at 6 months. The blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and hormonal profile (follicle stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone/estradiol) were measured during visits every two months. ANCOVA model analysis showed significantly lower triglycerides levels in LP subjects at 6 months after treatment as compared to placebo (1.4 versus 1.9 mmol/L; adj. mean difference 0.5, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.89 after adjusted for the baseline values, age, BMI, and duration of menopause placebo). Other parameters in both groups did not differ significantly. In conclusion, daily intake of Labisia pumila at 280 mg/day for six months was found to provide benefit in reducing the triglyceride (TG) values.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides
Fulltext Protective Effects of Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea) Extract against High Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Abdul Kadir NA, Rahmat A, Jaafar HZ

J Obes, 2015;2015:846041.
PMID: 26171246 DOI: 10.1155/2015/846041

This study aims to investigate the protective effect of Cyphomandra betacea in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats fed with high fat diet. Rats were fed on either normal chow or high fat diet for 10 weeks for obesity induction phase and subsequently received C. betacea extract at low dose (150 mg kg(-1)), medium dose (200 mg kg(-1)), or high dose (300 mg kg(-1)) or placebo via oral gavages for another 7 weeks for treatment phase. Treatment of obese rats with C. betacea extracts led to a significant decrease in total cholesterol and significant increase in HDL-C (p < 0.05). Also there was a trend of positive reduction in blood glucose, triglyceride, and LDL-C with positive reduction of body weight detected in medium and high dosage of C. betacea extract. Interestingly, C. betacea treated rats showed positive improvement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity along with a significant increase of total antioxidant status (TAS) (p < 0.05). Further, rats treated with C. betacea show significantly lower in TNF-α and IL-6 activities (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates the potential use of Cyphomandra betacea extract for weight maintenance and complimentary therapy to suppress some obesity complication signs.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides/blood
Fulltext Comparison of melting behaviors of edible oils using conventional and hyper differential scanning calorimetric scan rates

Abdulkarim, S.M., Ghazali, H.M.

International Food Research Journal, 2007;14(1):25-35.
MyJurnal

HyperDSC™(fast scan rate) was used to study the melting behavior of canola (CLO), sunflower (SFO), palm olein (PO), rice bran oils (RBO), and cocoa butter (CB), and was compared to the melting behaviors using conventional DSC. There was an increase in sensitivity with increase in scan rate. Slow scan rate (5 to 20C/min) gave low sensitivity, which increased when the scan rates were increased to 50, 100 and 200C/min. Peak resolution was affected by scan rate depending on the sample weight. Increase in the size of sample coupled with the use of fast scan rate decreased the peak resolution. Generally small sample sizes gave better peak resolution. Results of the effect of scan rate on glass transition (Tg) shows that Tg, which is a weak transition especially in crystalline and low amorphous materials was not detected using conventional scan rates (5 to 20oC/min). It was however detected using of hyperDSC™ scan rates (100 to 200oC/min). Increasing the scan rate resulted in an increase in the peak temperature and the elimination of shoulder peaks, which were caused due to the polymorphic behavior of the triacylglycerols in the oils. The increase in peak temperature caused a shift in the peak position towards a higher temperature value. There is a positive correlation between the peak temperature and scan rate. The correlation coefficients (r) for CLO, SFO, PO, RBO and CB were 0.96, 0.95, 0.97, 0.96 and 0.96 respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides
Fulltext Oleic acid enhancement of Moringa oleifera seed oil by enzymatic transesterification and fractionation

Abdulkarim, S.M., Lai, O.M., Muhammad, S.K.S., Long, K., Ghazali, H.M.

International Food Research Journal, 2007;14(2):91-102.
MyJurnal

Solvent-extracted Moringa oleifera seed oil was transesterified using immobilized lipase (Lipozyme IM 60) (Novozymes Bagsvaerd Denmark) at 1% (w/w) concentration, shaken at 60oC and 200 rpm for up to 24h. After transesterification, the oil was fractionated with acetone at -18oC and without acetone at 10oC to obtain two fractions, stearin and olein fractions. Incubation of the transesterified oil at 10oC for 24 h resulted in the formation of fat crystals, which settled at the bottom of the flask in sample transesterified for 24 h, while the control (0 h) sample became rather viscous with fat crystals in suspension. Transesterification resulted in a change in the triacylglycerol (TAG) profile of the oil, which in turn affected its solid fat content (SFC) and thermal behavior. The SFC value at 0oC after 24 h of reaction was 10.35% and significantly (P

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides
Fulltext Prehypertensive state, mild hypertension, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors among young adults in rural Malaysia

Abdullah Aszrin, Shah M. Azarisman, Rahman A. Jamaluddin, Razak A. Tariq, Noor M. Noriah

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(1):47-54.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Prehypertension precedes overt hypertension and has been acknowledged by many guidelines.
Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in Malaysia. Hypertension prevalence is
at 42.6% and population-based control is poor at 26.8%. The objective of the study is to ascertain the
cardiovascular risk profile of prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive young adults against age-matched
controls in rural Malaysia. Methods: 484 (four hundred and eighty four) subjects attending primary care
clinic were screened. 91 (Ninety one) young adults with pre/mild hypertension and normotensive, agematched controls were enrolled. The blood pressure and biochemical profiles for both groups were assessed
and compared. Results: Fifty-four subjects and 37 controls were enrolled. Amongst subjects, 46.3% had
prehypertension and 53.7% had mild hypertension. Mean values compared to age-matched controls for MAP
were 102.68 ± 7.48 vs 83.25 ± 6.08 mmHg (p< 0.001), LDL 3.75 ± 0.95 vs 3.32 ± 0.93 mmol/L (p=0.03), FBG
4.65 ± 0.54 vs 4.33 ± 0.42 mmol/L (p=0.03), BMI 28.81 ± 5.16 vs 24.12 ± 4.91 (p< 0.001). The mean BP was
significantly associated with BMI, FBG, triglycerides, HDL and the TC/HDL ratio. Conclusions: Greater BMI,
FBG, HDL, triglyceride levels and TC/HDL ratio characterised the young adults with pre/mild hypertension.
The data suggests that hypertension in young adults is secondary to metabolic syndrome.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides
Fulltext Circulating Metabolic Biomarkers of Screen-Detected Prostate Cancer in the ProtecT Study

Adams CD, Richmond R, Ferreira DLS, Spiller W, Tan V, Zheng J, et al.

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2019 Jan;28(1):208-216.
PMID: 30352818 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0079

BACKGROUND: Whether associations between circulating metabolites and prostate cancer are causal is unknown. We report on the largest study of metabolites and prostate cancer (2,291 cases and 2,661 controls) and appraise causality for a subset of the prostate cancer-metabolite associations using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).
METHODS: The case-control portion of the study was conducted in nine UK centers with men ages 50-69 years who underwent prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer within the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial. Two data sources were used to appraise causality: a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of metabolites in 24,925 participants and a GWAS of prostate cancer in 44,825 cases and 27,904 controls within the Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortium.
RESULTS: Thirty-five metabolites were strongly associated with prostate cancer (P < 0.0014, multiple-testing threshold). These fell into four classes: (i) lipids and lipoprotein subclass characteristics (total cholesterol and ratios, cholesterol esters and ratios, free cholesterol and ratios, phospholipids and ratios, and triglyceride ratios); (ii) fatty acids and ratios; (iii) amino acids; (iv) and fluid balance. Fourteen top metabolites were proxied by genetic variables, but MR indicated these were not causal.
CONCLUSIONS: We identified 35 circulating metabolites associated with prostate cancer presence, but found no evidence of causality for those 14 testable with MR. Thus, the 14 MR-tested metabolites are unlikely to be mechanistically important in prostate cancer risk.
IMPACT: The metabolome provides a promising set of biomarkers that may aid prostate cancer classification.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides/blood
Fulltext Anti-pancreatic lipase and anti-adipogenic effects of 5, 7, 3',4',5' -pentamethoxy and 6, 2',4'-trimethoxy flavone - An In vitro study

Ahmad B, Friar EP, Taylor E, Vohra MS, Serpell CJ, Garrett MD, et al.

Eur J Pharmacol, 2023 Jan 05;938:175445.
PMID: 36473593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175445

In this study, the anti-obesity effects of 5,7,3',4',5-pentamethoxyflavone (PMF) and 6,2',4'-trimethoxyflavone (TMF) were evaluated through two distinct mechanisms of action: inhibition of crude porcine pancreatic lipase (PL), and inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Both flavones show dose dependent, competitive inhibition of PL activity. Molecular docking studies revealed binding of the flavones to the active site of PL. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, both flavones reduced the accumulation of lipids and triglycerides. PMF and TMF also lowered the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes. They both reduced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and β (C/EBP α and β), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBF 1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), adipocyte binding protein 2 (aP2), and leptin gene. In addition, these flavones enhanced adiponectin mRNA expression, increased lipolysis and enhanced the expression of lipolytic genes: adipose triglycerides lipase (ATGL), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoglycerides lipase (MAGL) in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Overall, PMF was seen to be a more potent inhibitor of both PL activity and adipogenesis versus TMF. These results suggest that PMF and TMF possess anti-obesity activities and can be further evaluated for their anti-obesity effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides/metabolism
Influence of nonionic branched-chain alkyl glycosides on a model nano-emulsion for drug delivery systems

Ahmad N, Ramsch R, Llinàs M, Solans C, Hashim R, Tajuddin HA

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2014 Mar 1;115:267-74.
PMID: 24384142 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.013

The effect of incorporating new nonionic glycolipid surfactants on the properties of a model water/nonionic surfactant/oil nano-emulsion system was investigated using branched-chain alkyl glycosides: 2-hexyldecyl-β(/α)-D-glucoside (2-HDG) and 2-hexyldecyl-β(/α)-D-maltoside (2-HDM), whose structures are closely related to glycero-glycolipids. Both 2-HDG and 2-HDM have an identical hydrophobic chain (C16), but the former consists a monosaccharide glucose head group, in contrast to the latter which has a disaccharide maltose unit. Consequently, their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) is different. The results obtained have shown that these branched-chain alkyl glycosides affect differently the stability of the nano-emulsions. Compared to the model nano-emulsion, the presence of 2-HDG reduces the oil droplet size, whereas 2-HDM modify the properties of the model nano-emulsion system in terms of its droplet size and storage time stability at high temperature. These nano-emulsions have been proven capable of encapsulating ketoprofen, showing a fast release of almost 100% in 24h. Thus, both synthetically prepared branched-chain alkyl glycosides with mono- and disaccharide sugar head groups are suitable as nano-emulsion stabilizing agents and as drug delivery systems in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides/chemistry
Lowering of lipid composition in aorta of guinea pigs by Curcuma domestica

Ahmad-Raus RR, Abdul-Latif ES, Mohammad JJ

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2001;1:6.
PMID: 11495637

A short-term study was carried out using guinea pigs to determine the effects of Curcuma domestica on lipid composition in the serum and aorta.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides/blood
Baccaurea angulata fruit juice ameliorates altered hematological and biochemical biomarkers in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits

Ahmed IA, Mikail MA, Ibrahim M

Nutr Res, 2017 Jun;42:31-42.
PMID: 28633869 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.04.012

Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor linked to the alteration of blood hematology and clinical chemistry associated with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have demonstrated the safety and potential health benefits of Baccaurea angulata (BA) fruit. We hypothesized that the oral administration of BA fruit juice could ameliorate the alteration in the hematological and biochemical biomarkers of diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of BA juice on the hematological and biochemical biomarkers in normo- and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Thirty-five healthy adult New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to seven different groups for 90days of diet intervention. Four atherogenic groups were fed a 1% cholesterol diet and 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5mL of BA juice per kg of rabbit daily. The other three normal groups were fed a commercial rabbit pellet diet and 0, 0.5, and 1.0mL of BA juice per kg of rabbit daily. Baseline and final blood samples after 90days of repeated administration BA juice were analyzed for hematological parameters while serum, aortic and hepatic lysates were analyzed for lipid profiles and other biochemical biomarkers. The alteration of the hemopoietic system, physiological changes in serum and tissues lipid profiles and other biochemicals resulting from the consumption of a high-cholesterol diet were significantly (P

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides/blood
Structured lipids produced from palm-olein oil by interesterification: A controllable lipase-catalyzed approach in a solvent-free system

Ai H, Lee YY, Xie X, Tan CP, Ming Lai O, Li A, et al.

Food Chem, 2023 Jun 30;412:135558.
PMID: 36716631 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135558

Palm olein (POL) was modified by enzymatic interesterification with different degrees of acyl migration in a solvent-free packed bed reactor. The fatty acid and acylglycerol composition, isomer content, thermodynamic behavior, and relationship between crystal polymorphism, solid fat content (SFC), crystal microstructure, and texture before and after modification were studied. We found that the increase in sn-2 saturation interesterification was not only due to the generated tripalmitin (PPP) but also caused by acyl migration, and the SFC profiles were changed accordingly. The emergence of high melting point acylglycerols was an important factor accelerating the crystallization rate, further shortening the crystallization induction time, leading to the formation of large crystal spherulites, thereby reducing the hardness. The transformation from the β' to the β form occurred during post-hardening during storage. The isomer content also affected the physicochemical properties of the modified POL.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides/chemistry
Fulltext Phyllanthus Niruri Standardized Extract Alleviates the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Decreases Atherosclerotic Risk in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Al Zarzour RH, Ahmad M, Asmawi MZ, Kaur G, Saeed MAA, Al-Mansoub MA, et al.

Nutrients, 2017 Jul 18;9(7).
PMID: 28718838 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070766

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the major global health issues, strongly correlated with insulin resistance, obesity and oxidative stress. The current study aimed to evaluate anti-NAFLD effects of three different extracts of Phyllanthus niruri (P. niruri). NAFLD was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats using a special high-fat diet (HFD). A 50% methanolic extract (50% ME) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against NAFLD progression. It significantly reduced hepatomegaly (16%) and visceral fat weight (22%), decreased NAFLD score, prevented fibrosis, and reduced serum total cholesterol (TC) (48%), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (65%), free fatty acids (FFAs) (25%), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (45%), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (38%), insulin concentration (67%), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (73%), serum atherogenic ratios TC/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (29%), LDL/HDL (66%) and (TC-HDL)/HDL (64%), hepatic content of cholesterol (43%), triglyceride (29%) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (40%) compared to a non-treated HFD group. In vitro, 50% ME of P. niruri inhibited α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase enzymes and cholesterol micellization. It also had higher total phenolic and total flavonoid contents compared to other extracts. Ellagic acid and phyllanthin were identified as major compounds. These results suggest that P. niruri could be further developed as a novel natural hepatoprotective agent against NAFLD and atherosclerosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides/blood
Lipid profile parameters in Malaysian dyslipidemic patients

Al-Khateeb A, Mohamed MS, Imran K, Ibrahim S, Zilfalil BA, Yusof Z

Kobe J Med Sci, 2011;57(2):E38-48.
PMID: 22926072

The importance of serum lipids as cardiovascular risk factors is well recognized. However, most published studies have focused on western countries. The present study aimed to describe and analyze the lipid profile parameters in Malaysian dyslipidemic patients, and to identify concomitant clinical problems and risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) among such patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides/blood
Fulltext Biochemical characterization and 1H NMR based metabolomics revealed Melicope lunu-ankenda leaf extract a potent anti-diabetic agent in rats

Al-Zuaidy MH, Mumtaz MW, Hamid AA, Ismail A, Mohamed S, Razis AFA

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2017 Jul 10;17(1):359.
PMID: 28693595 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1849-2

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by continuous hyperglycemia associated with insulin resistance and /or reduced insulin secretion. There is an emerging trend regarding the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Melicope lunu-ankenda (ML) is one of the Melicope species belonging to the family Rutaceae. In traditional medicines, its leaves and flowers are known to exhibit prodigious health benefits. The present study aimed at investigating anti-diabetic effect of Melicope lunu-ankenda (ML) leaves extract.
METHODS: In this study, anti-diabetic effect of ML extract is investigated in vivo to evaluate the biochemical changes, potential serum biomarkers and alterations in metabolic pathways pertaining to the treatment of HFD/STZ induced diabetic rats with ML extract using 1H NMR based metabolomics approach. Type 2 diabetic rats were treated with different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg BW) of Melicope lunu-ankenda leaf extract for 8 weeks, and serum samples were examined for clinical biochemistry. The metabolomics study of serum was also carried out using 1H NMR spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis to explore differentiating serum metabolites and altered metabolic pathways.
RESULTS: The ML leaf extract (400 mg/kg BW) treatment significantly increased insulin level and insulin sensitivity of obese diabetic rats, with concomitant decrease in glucose level and insulin resistance. Significant reduction in total triglyceride, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein was also observed after treatment. Interestingly, there was a significant increase in high density lipoprotein of the treated rats. A decrease in renal injury markers and activities of liver enzymes was also observed. Moreover, metabolomics studies clearly demonstrated that, ML extract significantly ameliorated the disturbance in glucose metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism.
CONCLUSION: ML leaf extract exhibits potent antidiabetic properties, hence could be a useful and affordable alternative option for the management of T2DM.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides/blood
Characterization and fat migration of palm kernel stearin as affected by addition of desiccated coconut used as base filling centre in dark chocolate

Ali A, Selamat J, Man YB, Suria AM

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2001 May;52(3):251-61.
PMID: 11400474

The characterization and fat migration of palm kernel stearin (PKS) and desiccated coconut, used as base filling centre in dark chocolate were studied. C36 and C38 triglycerides of PKS decreased by 11% and 9.6% respectively, whereas C32 and C34 increased by 97% and 48% respectively. The change in the triglycerides composition of PKS shift the melting point of PKS from 33.2 to 31.4 degrees C. Solid fat content (SFC) of PK reduced by 40% at 30 degrees C. The rate of fat migration was very slow at 18 degrees C storage compared to 30 degrees C. The rate of change of C36 in the chocolate layer was 0.1% week-1 and 1.2% week-1 at 18 and 30 degrees C respectively. Chocolate stored at 18 degrees C showed post hardening during storage period and withstood bloom during the storage period, whereas that stored at 30 degrees C became soft and bloomed faster after 3 weeks of storage.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides/chemistry
Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations of a mutant Acinetobacter haemolyticus alkaline-stable lipase against tributyrin

Anuar NFSK, Wahab RA, Huyop F, Amran SI, Hamid AAA, Halim KBA, et al.

J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2021 Apr;39(6):2079-2091.
PMID: 32174260 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1743364

We previously reported on a mutant lipase KV1 (Mut-LipKV1) from Acinetobacter haemolyticus which optimal pH was raised from 8.0 to 11.0 after triple substitutions of surface aspartic acid (Asp) with lysine (Lys). Herein, this study further examined the Mut-LipKV1 by molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and molecular mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations to explore the structural requirements that participated in the effective binding of tributyrin and its catalytic triad (Ser165, Asp259 and His289) and identify detailed changes that occurred post mutation. Mut-LipKV1 bound favorably with tributyrin (-4.1 kcal/mol) and formed a single hydrogen bond with His289, at pH 9.0. Despite the incongruent docking analysis data, results of MD simulations showed configurations of both the tributyrin-Mut-LipKV1 (RMSD 0.3 nm; RMSF 0.05 - 0.3 nm) and the tributyrin-wildtype lipase KV1 (tributyrin-LipKV1) complexes (RMSD 0.35 nm; RMSF 0.05 - 0.4 nm) being comparably stable at pH 8.0. MM-PBSA analysis indicated that van der Waals interactions made the most contribution during the molecular binding process, with the Mut-LipKV1-tributyrin complex (-44.04 kcal/mol) showing relatively lower binding energy than LipKV1-tributyrin (-43.83 kcal/mol), at pH 12.0. All tributyrin-Mut-LipKV1 complexes displayed improved binding free energies over a broader pH range from 8.0 - 12.0, as compared to LipKV1-tributyrin. Future empirical works are thus, important to validate the improved alkaline-stability of Mut-LipKV1. In a nutshell, our research offered a considerable insight for further improving the alkaline tolerance of lipases.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Matched MeSH terms: Triglycerides

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