Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 34 in total

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  1. Ahmad FU, Sattar MA, Rathore HA, Tan YC, Akhtar S, Jin OH, et al.
    Ren Fail, 2014 May;36(4):598-605.
    PMID: 24502512 DOI: 10.3109/0886022X.2014.882218
    Oxidative stress and suppressed H2S production lead to increased renal vascular resistance, disturbed glomerular hemodynamics, and abnormal renal sodium and water handling, contribute to the pathogenesis and maintenance of essential hypertension in man and the spontaneously hypertensive rat. This study investigated the impact of H2S and tempol alone and in combination on blood pressure and renal hemodynamics and excretory functions in the SHR. Groups of WKY rats or SHR (n=6) were treated for 4 weeks either as controls or received NaHS (SHR+NaHS), tempol (SHR+Tempol), or NaHS plus tempol (SHR+NaHS +Tempol). Metabolic studies were performed on days 0, 14, and 28, thereafter animals were anaesthetized to measure renal hemodynamics and plasma oxidative and antioxidant markers. SHR control rats had higher mean arterial blood pressure (140.0 ± 2 vs. 100.0 ± 3 mmHg), lower plasma and urinary H2S, creatinine clearance, urine flow rate and urinary sodium excretion, and oxidative stress compared to WKY (all p<0.05). Treatment either with NaHS or with tempol alone decreased blood pressure and oxidative stress and improved renal hemodynamic and excretory function compared to untreated SHR. Combined NaHS and tempol therapy in SHRs caused larger decreases in blood pressure (∼20-22% vs. ∼11-15% and ∼10-14%), increases in creatinine clearance, urinary sodium excretion and fractional sodium excretion and up-regulated the antioxidant status compared to each agent alone (all p<0.05). These findings demonstrated that H2S and tempol together resulted in greater reductions in blood pressure and normalization of kidney function compared with either compound alone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  2. Singh GD, Ganjoo M, Youssouf MS, Koul A, Sharma R, Singh S, et al.
    Food Chem Toxicol, 2009 Oct;47(10):2661-5.
    PMID: 19654032 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.07.031
    Labisia pumila (Myrsinaceae), is a popular herb among the women in Malaysia known locally as "Kacip Fatimah". Recently many nutraceutical products containing the powdered or extracted parts of the plant have become available for women's health care. However no evaluation of the effect of the repeated dosing of any herbal product of this plant had been undertaken prior to a 28-day sub-acute study presented in this report. The results showed that a dose of 50mg/kg of an aqueous extract of L. pumila corresponded to no-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL), whereas higher doses were associated with some toxicity concerns.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  3. Tan PC, King AS, Omar SZ
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2012 Jan;38(1):145-53.
    PMID: 21955280 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01652.x
    AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate urine microscopy, dipstick analysis and urinary symptoms in screening for urinary tract infection (UTI) in hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).
    MATERIALS AND METHODS:   A prospective cross-sectional study was performed on women at first hospitalization for HG. A clean-catch mid-stream urine sample from each recruit was sent for microscopy (for bacteria, leucocytes and erythrocytes), dipstick analysis (for leukocyte esterase, nitrites, protein and hemoglobin) and microbiological culture. The presence of current urinary symptoms was elicited by questionnaire. UTI is defined as at least 10(5) colony-forming units/mL of a single uropathogen on culture. Screening test parameters were analyzed against UTI.
    RESULTS: UTI was diagnosed in 15/292 subjects (5.1%). Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis of microscopic urine leucocytes revealed area under the curve=0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5-0.79, P=0.063 and erythrocytes area under the curve=0.53, 95%CI 0.39-0.67, P=0.67 for UTI indicating the limited screening utility of these parameters. Microscopic bacteriuria (likelihood ratio [LR] 1.1, 95%CI 0.7-1.5) and urine dipstick leukocyte esterase (LR 1.4, 95%CI 1.1-1.8), nitrites (LR 2.3, 95%CI 0.3-17.2), protein (LR 1.0, 95%CI 0.7-1.6) and hemoglobin (LR 0.8, 95%CI 0.4-1.5) were not useful screening tests for UTI in HG. Elicited symptoms were also not predictive of UTI.
    CONCLUSION: Urine microscopy, dipstick analysis and urinary symptoms were not useful in screening for UTI in HG. UTI should be established by urine culture in HG before starting antibiotic treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  4. Yap HK, Quek CM, Shen Q, Joshi V, Chia KS
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2005 Jan;34(1):3-7.
    PMID: 15726213
    INTRODUCTION: This article reviews published literature on the usefulness of population-based urinary screening in the Asian paediatric population.

    METHODS: Articles were found in the Medline database using the key words "paediatrics", "urine screening", "proteinuria", "haematuria" and "population". The Asian countries which had carried out population-based urinary screening of the paediatric population included Taiwan, Japan and Korea. One study was found on urinary screening in a select population in Malaysia. Preliminary results of the urinary screening of school children in Singapore are presented and compared with the results found in the above-mentioned countries.

    RESULTS: Overall, the proportion of children found to have urinary abnormalities ranged from less than 0.1% of the population screened to almost 50% of a select cohort referred from the screening programmes for the evaluation of urinary abnormalities. In the pilot Singapore school screening programme, the prevalence of clinically significant proteinuria was 1.25 per 1000 children screened. Multivariate analysis showed that low body weight was associated with a 1.8-fold greater risk for proteinuria. The major cause of haematuria and proteinuria in those studies where renal biopsies were performed was glomerulonephritis. The Taiwanese experience also showed a reduction in the incidence of end-stage renal failure diagnosed in children after the onset of urine screening.

    CONCLUSION: These studies showed that urinary screening programmes in school children allow the early detection of disease. The cost-benefit ratio for specific populations should be determined before the implementation of such programmes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  5. Tan CX, Chong GH, Hamzah H, Ghazali HM
    Phytother Res, 2018 Nov;32(11):2264-2274.
    PMID: 30051518 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6164
    Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for the initiation and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. The present study evaluated the hypocholesterolemic effect of virgin avocado oil (VAO) using urinary metabolomic method. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high-cholesterol diet for four weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia. After confirming the establishment of hypercholesterolemia model, the VAO (450 and 900 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) and simvastatin (10 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) were given orally while maintaining the high-cholesterol diet for another four weeks. Assessment of urinary metabolomics using NMR revealed that VAO treatment could partially recover the metabolism dysfunction induced by hypercholesterolemia mainly via lipid, energy, amino acid, and gut microbiota metabolism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  6. Hamzaini AH, Helmee MN, Masoud S, Suraya A, Nazri MS, Das S
    Clin Ter, 2009;160(6):473-5.
    PMID: 20198290
    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many patients who presented to Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) with signs and symptoms of urolithiasis had mild hydronephrosis with non visualization of calculus on ultrasound examination. These patients underwent an intravenous urogram (IVU) in order to determine the presence of urolithiasis and most of them had normal IVU. The main aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of urinalysis in this group of patients in determining the need for IVU examinations.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospectively the ultrasound, urinalysis and intravenous urography reports of 53 patients were reviewed and evaluated.
    RESULTS: The positive predictive and negative predictive value of urinalysis was found to be 68% and 96.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS; The results indicate that the urinalysis was an excellent negative predictor for IVU. In view of high radiation dose, risk of contrast reaction and contrast induced nephropathy of IVU, we suggest that it should not be performed in patient with non visualization of calculus mild hydronephrosis when the urinalysis is negative for blood.

    Study site: Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  7. Amir A, Lee YL
    Malays Fam Physician, 2013;8(3):34-6.
    PMID: 25893056 MyJurnal
    Acute kidney injury following immersion or near-drowning is rarely described and no data from Malaysia have been found. We report a case of acute kidney injury following a near-drowning event. A 20-year-old man who recovered from near-drowning in a swimming pool 5 days earlier presented to our clinic with abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea and polyuria. Dipstick urinalysis showed a trace of blood. The serum creatinine level was 10-fold higher than the normal range. A bedside ultrasound showed features suggestive of acute tubular necrosis. He is then referred to the hospital with the diagnosis of acute kidney injury with the possibility of acute tubular necrosis secondary to near-drowning. We suggest that any patient presenting after immersion or near-drowning to be should assessed for potential acute kidney injury.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  8. Wan Mohamad WM, Mohd Ashari NS, Wan AbHamid WZ
    Objective: We presented a case report, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a Malay boy. Interestingly, this case occurs in a boy, which is not so common because autoimmune disease usually occurs in female. Design: Case report. Methods: We highlighted a case of a boy with SLE who presented with clinical symptoms suggestive of SLE and fulfilled the criteria for SLE diagnosis. Results: The patient was successfully managed with antihypertensive, intravenous cyclophosphamide and oral prednisolone and respond well to the therapy. Conclusion: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease which rarely occurs in male. However we reported one such case which fulfilled the criteria for SLE. © 2017 Japan Health Sciences University & Japan International Cultural Exchange Foundation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  9. Siew, Caroline Yin Eng, Vijayakulasingam, Thalitha, Hong, Boon Ng, Maryam Jamilah Surdi Roslan, Muhammad Zamakhshari Zainal Abidin, Lee, Ming Lee
    MyJurnal
    Background:Recent retrospective studies suggest irrelevance of urine screening for neonate with prolonged jaundice. We re-evaluated the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) among these infants, their renal outcome and evaluated the cost incurred. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. Asymptomatic, prolonged jaundiced infants with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were screened for evidence of UTI as per local guidelines. Infants with pyuria would have urine sent for culture and sensitivity. Unit cost was referenced from hospital purchase. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0. Results:A total of 291 cases were analyzed. Majority were term infants (93.8%). The commonest cause of prolonged jaundice was breast milk jaundice, hence an incidence rate of 0.34%. Only one infant persistently showed single uropathogen on urinary culture with concurrent pyuria. Urinary structures were normal on ultrasonography and there was no evidence of renal cortical scarring. No recurrence of UTI documented in the first year of life. Each “clean-catch” urinalysis costed RM7. This unit cost escalated to RM37 for catheterized sample. A negative urine culture costed RM28 while a positive culture twice this price. The average cost effectiveness ratio (ACER) in this study was RM5856.56 per detection of case. Conclusion: Incidence of UTI is low. In our study, an undesirable outcome is negligible. Unnecessary parental anxiety from the potentially laborious procedure could be avoided. This study refutes previous literature to include such screening in prolonged jaundice as this may well be irrelevant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  10. Abba Y, Abdullah FF, Daud NH, Shaari RB, Tijjani A, Sadiq MA, et al.
    Open Vet J, 2015;5(1):30-3.
    PMID: 26623360
    A Boer-Kajang cross male goat was presented to the Veterinary Hospital, University Malaysia Kelantan with a history of dysuria, hematuria and restlessness. The goat was intensively managed (confined to the pen) and fed with only palm kernel cake for the last three months. Physical examination revealed that the goat was dull, depressed, having an inflamed penis and prepuce with blood stained urine dripping from the penis. The differential diagnoses were obstructive urolithiasis, urinary tract infection and balanoposthitis. Based on the history, clinical signs, physical examination, urinalysis, ultrasonagraphy and feed analysis, the goat was diagnosed with obstructive urolithiasis and balanoposthitis. Treatment was instituted by amputation of the urethral process and retrograde urohydropulsion to relieve the blockade. Sulfadiazine-trimethoprim (Norodine(®)24) 15mg/kg, I.M; flunixin meglumine 2.2mg/kg, I.M; vitamin B complex 1ml/10kg, I.M and ammonium chloride 300mg/kg orally were administered. The goat responded well to treatment and was recovering well during a follow up visit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  11. Sthaneshwar P, Lai LC, Raja Azzidin RE, Mohd Hussain B, Anas SS, Supremaniam S, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2021 Apr;43(1):41-48.
    PMID: 33903304
    INTRODUCTION: The Malaysian Association of Clinical Biochemists (MACB) established a Task Force for Chronic Kidney Disease. A survey was undertaken by the Task Force on the reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin by hospital laboratories in Malaysia in both the government and private sectors.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: An e-mail invitation to participate in an online survey was sent to hospital laboratories in Malaysia (n=140). Questions regarding methods for measuring creatinine, equations for calculating eGFR, eGFR reporting, the terminology used in reporting urine albumin, types of samples and the cut-off values used for normal albuminuria.

    RESULTS: A total of 42/140 (30%) laboratories answered the questionnaire. The prevalent method used for serum creatinine measurement was the Jaffé method (88.1%) traceable to isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. eGFR was reported along with serum creatinine by 61.9% of laboratories while 33.3% of laboratories report eGFR on request. The formula used for eGFR reporting was mainly MDRD (64.3%) and results were reported as exact numbers even when the eGFR was <60 ml/min/1.73m2. The term microalbumin is still used by 83.3% of laboratories. There is a large heterogeneity among the labs regarding the type of sample recommended for measuring urine albumin, reference interval and reporting units.

    CONCLUSION: It is evident that the laboratory assessment of chronic kidney disease in Malaysia is not standardised. It is essential to provide a national framework for standardised reporting of eGFR and urine albumin. Recommendations developed by the MACB CKD Task Force, if adopted by all laboratories, will lead to a reduction in this variability.

    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  12. Judge C, O'Donnell MJ, Hankey GJ, Rangarajan S, Chin SL, Rao-Melacini P, et al.
    Am J Hypertens, 2021 04 20;34(4):414-425.
    PMID: 33197265 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa176
    BACKGROUND: Although low sodium intake (<2 g/day) and high potassium intake (>3.5 g/day) are proposed as public health interventions to reduce stroke risk, there is uncertainty about the benefit and feasibility of this combined recommendation on prevention of stroke.

    METHODS: We obtained random urine samples from 9,275 cases of acute first stroke and 9,726 matched controls from 27 countries and estimated the 24-hour sodium and potassium excretion, a surrogate for intake, using the Tanaka formula. Using multivariable conditional logistic regression, we determined the associations of estimated 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion with stroke and its subtypes.

    RESULTS: Compared with an estimated urinary sodium excretion of 2.8-3.5 g/day (reference), higher (>4.26 g/day) (odds ratio [OR] 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-2.00) and lower (<2.8 g/day) sodium excretion (OR 1.39; 95% CI, 1.26-1.53) were significantly associated with increased risk of stroke. The stroke risk associated with the highest quartile of sodium intake (sodium excretion >4.26 g/day) was significantly greater (P < 0.001) for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (OR 2.38; 95% CI, 1.93-2.92) than for ischemic stroke (OR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.50-1.87). Urinary potassium was inversely and linearly associated with risk of stroke, and stronger for ischemic stroke than ICH (P = 0.026). In an analysis of combined sodium and potassium excretion, the combination of high potassium intake (>1.58 g/day) and moderate sodium intake (2.8-3.5 g/day) was associated with the lowest risk of stroke.

    CONCLUSIONS: The association of sodium intake and stroke is J-shaped, with high sodium intake a stronger risk factor for ICH than ischemic stroke. Our data suggest that moderate sodium intake-rather than low sodium intake-combined with high potassium intake may be associated with the lowest risk of stroke and expected to be a more feasible combined dietary target.

    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  13. Lee W, Syed A A, Leow CY, Tan SC, Leow CH
    Anal Biochem, 2018 08 15;555:81-93.
    PMID: 29775561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.05.009
    Anti-salbutamol antibodies remain as important tools for the detection of salbutamol abuse in athletic doping. This study evaluated the feasibility and efficiency of the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) as an immunization host to generate anti-salbutamol scFv antibodies by phage display. A phage display antibody library was constructed from a single chicken immunized against salbutamol-KLH conjugate. After a stringent biopanning strategy, a novel scFv clone which was inhibited by free salbutamol recorded the highest affinity. This scFv was expressed as soluble and functional protein in Escherichia coli T7 SHuffle Express B (DE3) strain. Cross-reactivity studies of the scFv towards other relevant β2-agonists revealed that the scFv cross-reacted significantly towards clenbuterol. The determined IC50 of the scFv towards the two β2-agonists were; IC50 salbutamol = ∼0.310 μg/ml, IC50 clenbuterol = ∼0.076 μg/ml. The generated scFv demonstrated poor stability based on accelerated stability studies. The scFv was used to develop an competitive indirect ELISA (LOD = 0.125 μg/ml) for detection of parent salbutamol in spiked human urine (n = 18) with ∼83.4% reliability at the cut-off of 1 μg/ml currently implemented by WADA and may be of potential use in human doping urinalysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  14. Low, Qin Jian, Lim, Tzyy Hue, Teoh, Kuo Zhau, Siow, Garry Peir Woeei, Go, Zher Lin, Tee, Vern Jun, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a rare presentation of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It is commonly seen in constipated patients. There is a deep purple discoloration of contents of urine bag due to presence of indigo and indirubin pigments which are metabolites of tryptophan. We would like to describe an interesting case of purple urine bag syndrome of 88-year-old woman who presented with catheter-related urinary tract infection. She had low-grade fever and suprapubic discomfort for three days duration. She had increased white cell count and C-reactive peptide (CRP). Urinalysis showed protein 2+, nitrite and leucocyte esterase positive. Urine culture grew Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. She was treated with oral cefuroxime and recovered. This case report may be the first case of PUBS reported in this region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  15. Chin Tan G, Stalling M, Boue D, Pyle-Eilola A, Kahwash SB
    Clin Chem, 2017 10;63(10):1660-1661.
    PMID: 28963134 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.271437
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  16. Tan PH, Teng XX, Gan ZY, Tan SQ
    Malays J Med Sci, 2020 Jul;27(4):139-146.
    PMID: 32863753 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.4.13
    Background: Appendicitis complicated with appendiceal perforation is common among children. The delay in diagnosis of appendicitis is due to children's varied presentations and their difficulty in communicating symptoms. We aimed to identify clinical factors that aid in predicting acute appendicitis (AA) and perforated appendicitis (PA) among children.

    Methods: This retrospective study involved 215 children aged 12 years and below with the initial diagnosis of AA and PA. Clinical factors studied were demographics, presenting symptoms, body temperature on admission (BTOA), white cell count (WCC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelet count and urinalysis. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to determine the odds ratio of the statistically significant clinical factors. Results: The mean age of the included children was 7.98 ± 2.37 years. The odds of AA increased by 2.177 times when the age was ≥ 8 years (P = 0.022), 2.380 times when duration of symptoms ≥ 2 days (P = 0.011), 2.447 times with right iliac fossa (RIF) pain (P = 0.007), 2.268 times when BTOA ≥ 38 °C (P = 0.020) and 2.382 times when neutrophil percentage was ≥ 76% (P = 0.045). It decreased by 0.409 times with non-RIF pain (P = 0.007). The odds of PA was increased by 4.672 times when duration of symptoms ≥ 2 days (P = 0.005), 3.611 times when BTOA ≥ 38 °C (P = 0.015) and 3.678 times when neutrophil percentage ≥ 76% (P = 0.016). There was no significant correlation between WCC and ANC with AA and PA.

    Conclusion: Older children with longer duration of symptoms, RIF pain and higher BTOA are more likely to have appendicitis. The risk of appendiceal perforation increases with longer duration of symptoms and higher BTOA.

    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  17. Mohammad M, Mahdy ZA, Omar J, Maan N, Jamil MA
    PMID: 12693594
    A total of 1,661 pregnant women aged between 13 and 45 years were screened for bacteriuria by urine culture. Of the 1,661 culture results, 615 (37%) yielded no growth; 728 (43.8%) yielded no significant growth (presence of <10(5) organisms/ml urine of one or more types of bacteria); 286 (17.2%) yielded mixed growth (presence of >10(5) organisms/ml urine of more than one type of bacteria) and only 32 (1.9%) showed significant growth (presence of >10(5) organisms/ml urine of a single bacterium). Urine microscopy was also conducted. Two hundred and twenty-four (13.5%) specimens had >10 white blood cells/ml urine, of which 66 had >100 white blood cells; 13 were from the significant growth group. Three hundred and seventy-four (22.5%) specimens showed the presence of bacteria, 42 (2.5%) had red blood cells, 370 (22.3%) had epithelial cells, 58 (3.5%) had crystals, and 14 (0.8%) had yeasts. The most common bacterium isolated was Escherichia coli (12; 40%); the others included group B Streptococcus (5; 15%), Klebsiella spp (5; 15%), Diphtheroids (2), and Candida albicans (2). Fifty-two percent of tested strains were sensitive to ampicillin; 24 of 28 strains (85.7%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin; all 7 strains tested were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and all 20 strains tested were sensitive to cotrimoxazole; 14/20 (70%) and 16/17 (94.1%) were sensitive to cephalexin and cefuroxime respectively. This study shows that asymptomatic bacteriuria does occur in pregnant women, albeit at a very low rate in an urban setting like Cheras. Urine microscopy is not specific and only serves as a guide to bacteriuria. The commonest causative organisms are those from the gastrointestinal tract and vagina. The antibiogram showed that cefuroxime and cephalexin are likely to be effective in treating bacteriuria: ampicillin must be reserved for Gram-negative organisms. For Gram-positive organisms, of which Group B Streptococcus is important, ampicillin is still effective in vitro. Nitrofurantion and cotrimoxazole have excellent activity in vitro and should be considered for therapy. 17.2% of the urine culture yielded mixed growth: likely to indicate that contamination of urine specimens still happens despite the strict instructions given to patients about the collection of a midstream urine specimen. Proper collection, appropriate transport, and the early processing of urine specimens remain essential.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis/methods
  18. Lee SW, Liong ML, Yuen KH, Leong WS, Khan N, Cheah PY, et al.
    Urol Int, 2009;82(1):32-7.
    PMID: 19172094 DOI: 10.1159/000176022
    BACKGROUND: Little is known about how primary care physicians (PCPs) in Asia diagnose and manage prostatitis-like symptoms. This study investigated the clinical diagnosis of and care provided for prostatitis-like symptoms by PCPs in a Malaysian population, and compared these findings to reports from other areas.
    METHODS: All members of the Penang Private Medical Practitioners' Society were asked to complete a self-administered survey. Nonresponders were contacted after 3 weeks and received a telephone request after 6 weeks.
    RESULTS: Of the 786 practitioners contacted, 669 considered themselves to be PCPs, including 279 (42%) who responded to the survey. Adult males with prostatitis-like symptoms typically constitute <1% of the patients seen by PCPs. Most PCPs (72%) believe that prostatitis-like symptoms are caused by bacterial infection. 61% of PCPs base their diagnosis of prostatitis-like symptoms on clinical history, a physical examination and dipstick urinalysis. Standard management was to prescribe 1 or 2 courses of antimicrobials.
    CONCLUSIONS: Despite the 8.7% prevalence found in a previous survey in this population, prostatitis remains underdiagnosed in Malaysia. In contrast to many other clinical settings, urologists in Malaysia see a large proportion of newly diagnosed and treatment-naive prostatitis patients, providing an opportunity for clinical diagnostic and treatment studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis/instrumentation
  19. Hong YH, Dublin N, Razack AH, Mohd MA, Husain R
    Urology, 2010 Jun;75(6):1294-8.
    PMID: 19914693 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.08.061
    OBJECTIVES: To investigate the correlations and agreements between the solute/creatinine ratios from the 24-hour and early morning spot urine samples for metabolic evaluation in stone-formers given the various pitfalls with the 24-hour urinary metabolic evaluation in stone-formers.
    METHODS: 30 urinary stone-formers out of an initial 62 recruited provided a complete 24-hour urine and early morning spot urine samples for metabolic evaluation. Pearson correlation and Bland and Altman Test were used to assess the correlations and agreements.
    RESULTS: Significant correlations were established between the 24-hour urinary solute excretions and the corresponding early morning spot urine solute/creatinine ratios for calcium, magnesium, urate, potassium, oxalate, citrate, and the Differential Gibb's free energy value of calcium oxalate DG(CaOx) values. However, all these solute/creatinine measurements between the 24-hour and early morning spot urine samples were judged to be not within the acceptable limits based on the estimated "limit of agreement" by the Bland and Altman Test of Agreement. Diurnal circadian rhythm and postprandial excretion surge are thought to be responsible for the disagreements.
    CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the early morning spot urine is not suitable to be used interchangeably to replace the 24-hour urine collection in the evaluation of urinary metabolic abnormalities in stone-formers. A good correlation does not translate to an agreement between the 2 measurements.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis/methods
  20. Makahleh A, Ben-Hander GM, Saad B
    Bioanalysis, 2015;7(6):713-23.
    PMID: 25871588 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.307
    BACKGROUND: A simple and sensitive hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction with in situ derivatization method was developed for the determination of α-ketoglutaric (α-KG) and pyruvic acids (PA) in small-volume urine samples. 2,4,6-trichloro phenyl hydrazine was used as derivatization agent.
    RESULTS: Under the optimum extraction conditions, enrichment factors of 742 and 400 for α-KG and PA, respectively, were achieved. Calibration curves were linear over the range 1 to 1000 ng/ml (r(2) ≥ 0.998). Detection and quantitation limits were 0.03 and 0.02, and 0.10 and 0.05 ng/ml for α-KG and PA, respectively.
    CONCLUSION: The concentrations in diabetic II and liver cancer samples were significantly lower than those from healthy people, showing their potential as biomarkers for these diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis/methods*
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