Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 249 in total

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  1. Chung K, Mohidin N, O'Leary DJ
    Vision Res, 2002 Oct;42(22):2555-9.
    PMID: 12445849
    The effect of myopic defocus on myopia progression was assessed in a two-year prospective study on 94 myopes aged 9-14 years, randomly allocated to an undercorrected group or a fully corrected control group. The 47 experimental subjects were blurred by approximately +0.75 D (blurring VA to 6/12), while the controls were fully corrected. Undercorrection produced more rapid myopia progression and axial elongation (ANOVA, F(1,374)=14.32, p<0.01). Contrary to animal studies, myopic defocus speeds up myopia development in already myopic humans. Myopia could be caused by a failure to detect the direction of defocus rather than by a mechanism exhibiting a zero-point error.
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity
  2. Ab Kahar MEPI, Muhammed J, Hitam WHW, Husin A
    Turk J Ophthalmol, 2020 12 29;50(6):371-376.
    PMID: 33389938 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.83873
    Bartonella henselae is a recognized cause of neuroretinitis in cat scratch disease. Meanwhile, polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, skin changes (POEMS) syndrome with Castleman disease (evidence of lymph node hyperplasia), is a chronic debilitating condition that predisposes to various superimposed infections. B. henselae neuroretinitis implicated in POEMS syndrome has not been reported previously. A 34-year-old asymptomatic man was referred for an eye assessment. Examination showed visual acuity of 6/18 in the right eye and 6/24 in the left eye. On fundus examination, both eyes exhibited typical features of neuroretinitis (optic disc swelling and incomplete macular star). There was otherwise no vitritis or chorioretinitis. Serology for B. henselae revealed high immunoglobulin M (IgM) titer (1:96) indicative of acute disease, and positive immunoglobulin G (IgG) (1:156). He was treated with oral azithromycin for 6 weeks and a short course of oral prednisolone. Subsequently, the visual acuity in both eyes improved with resolution of macular star. However, both optic discs remained swollen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity*
  3. Chitamparam S, Lim TH, Tai E, Ibrahim M
    Turk J Ophthalmol, 2020 12 29;50(6):332-338.
    PMID: 33389932 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.57609
    Objectives: To identify the clinical profile, etiology, and outcome of culture-positive mycotic keratitis in a tertiary referral centre in the Northeastern part of Malaysia.

    Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with culture-positive mycotic keratitis in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over a 3-year period, from January 2015 to December 2017.

    Results: This study included 27 eyes of 27 patients treated for mycotic keratitis based on a positive fungal culture. The most common predisposing factor was ocular trauma, in 22 patients (81.5%). Eleven patients (40.7%) had a presenting visual acuity worse than 6/60, due to central ulcer involvement. Approximately half of these (6 patients) experienced visual improvement post-treatment. Fusarium spp. was the most common fungus isolated (37%), followed by non-sporulating fungi and Curvularia spp. Three patients (7.4%) had corneal microperforations, which healed after gluing and bandage contact lens application. One patient (3.7%) required tectonic penetrating keratoplasty and 1 patient (3.7%) underwent evisceration. The final visual acuity was 6/18 or better in approximately half (14 patients) of our cohort and worse than 3/60 in approximately 20% (5 patients).

    Conclusion: Mycotic keratitis occurred mainly in males and secondary to ocular trauma. The most common organism isolated was Fusarium spp. Although treatment may improve vision, the visual outcome is guarded.

    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity*
  4. Nursyafiqah MT, Siti-Azrin AH, Yaacob NM, Wan-Nor-Asyikeen WA, Zunaina E
    Trop Med Int Health, 2023 Apr;28(4):300-307.
    PMID: 36787961 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13862
    OBJECTIVE: Intravitreal ranibizumab is one of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factors used for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema, not always successfully. We aimed to identify the factors affecting the changes of central macular thickness after induction treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab, to predict the treatment effect and facilitate early treatment decisions.

    METHODS: Cross-sectional study involving a retrospective record review of diabetic macular oedema patients who received an induction treatment of three monthly 0.5 mg intravitreal ranibizumab injections between 2016 and 2019. Central macular thickness was measured at baseline and 3 months post-treatment. Linear regression was applied to identify the factors associated with the changes of central macular thickness.

    RESULTS: A total of 153 diabetic macular oedema patients were involved in this study. Their mean age was 57.5 ± 7.7 years, 54.9% were female. The mean change of central macular thickness from baseline to 3 months after completed induction treatment of intravitreal ranibizumab was 155.5 ± 137.8 μm. Factors significantly associated with changes of central macular thickness were baseline central macular thickness [b = 0.73; 95% (CI): 0.63, 0.84; p = <0.001] and presence of subretinal fluid [b = 35.43; 95% CI: 3.70, 67.16; p = 0.029].

    CONCLUSION: Thicker baseline central macular thickness and presence of subretinal fluid were the factors significantly associated with greater changes of central macular thickness in diabetic macular oedema patients after receiving three injections of intravitreal ranibizumab.

    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity
  5. Thevi T, Sahoo S
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 Apr;71(2):45-6.
    PMID: 27326939
    PURPOSE: To analyse the visual outcomes of cases with posterior capsule rupture (PCR) compared to those without PCR following phacoemulsification. The occurrence of posterior capsule rupture during phacoemulsification surgery for cataract can have serious implications in the visual recovery. However, recognition of PCR and proper management can yield a successful visual outcome. This study analysed the visual outcomes of cases with PCR compared to those without PCR.

    METHODS: This is a case-control study. All patients who underwent cataract surgery from 2011 to 2012 in Hospital Melaka were traced from the National Eye Database (NED) of Malaysia. The visual outcomes were classified as good, borderline and poor as per WHO guidelines. The data was analysed with SPSS version 12 IBM.

    RESULTS: Out of 80.4% (2519) of eyes that had undergone phacoemulsification (PHACO) type of surgery, 3.06% (77 cases) had posterior capsule rupture complication. There was no significant difference in the visual outcome of borderline between cases with PCR and cases without PCR (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.989; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.382- 2.560). However, cases with PCR were significantly less likely to have good vision compared to those without PCR (OR 0.335; 95% CI 0.157-0.714).

    CONCLUSION: The study reveals that a significant number of patients without PCR had good vision, whereas those with PCR did not get good vision. We would like to suggest meticulous care during phacoemulsification surgery to avoid PCR in order to obtain good visual outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity*
  6. Omar R, Knight VF, Hussin DA
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Jun;68(3):245-8.
    PMID: 23749015 MyJurnal
    This study determined the outcome of combining home based and clinic based amblyopia therapy among preschool children. A total of 479 preschool children were randomly selected for vision screening. Amblyopic therapy was prescribed to children whose visual acuity (VA) could not be improved to <0.1 LogMAR after a 6 week adaptation period with glasses. Intensive near work activities were conducted daily at home for 12 weeks, monitored by parents while weekly therapy was conducted at the optometry clinic by an optometrist. Six preschool children were diagnosed with refractive amblyopia, spherical equivalent (SE) was -11.25D to +0.75D. Significant improvement was found in the VA of right eye, t(6) = 3.07, left eye t(6) = 3.07 and both eyes t(6) = 3.42) p<0.05, at the end of the 12 week therapy. Combining home based and clinic based amblyopia therapy among preschool children showed a positive improvement in VA after 12 weeks of therapy.
    Study site: kindergarten, optometry clinic, Perak (site unclear)
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity
  7. Mohd Razali K
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):173-4.
    PMID: 23629570 MyJurnal
    This case report is about a rare disease with unusual presentation. Failure to recognise atypical presentation may lead to error in managing the patient and cause disastrous complications. Here we highlight a case of Terrien Marginal Degeneration in both eyes with atypical presentation; namely pseudopterygium. A 22 year old man was referred to our centre for iatrogenic right eye corneal perforation after having an atypical pterygium removed at another hospital. On arrival, his vision was 1/60 in both eyes with bilateral cornea Terrien Marginal Degeneration. His right eye anterior chamber was deep with a conjunctival flap covering the perforation site which was located from the 2.30 - 3.30 clock position nasally with no aqueous leak. However after a day his right eye anterior chamber became flat and there was fast aqueous leak from the perforation site. An emergency C shaped peripheral corneal lamellar keratoplasty was performed to seal the perforation. Post operatively his right eye improved to 6/24.
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity
  8. Omar R, Mohammed Z, Knight VF, Basrul MH
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Dec;64(4):289-93.
    PMID: 20954552
    This study looked at the causes of vision loss, levels of distance, near vision and the use of low vision devices (LVDs) in children studying at special schools in Malaysia. A total of 139 children from two special education schools took part. Visual acuity was measured with and without LVDs. Those who required further assessment were referred to Low Vision Clinic. Near visual acuity in 71 children ranged from N4 to N64. Sixty eight children could not read the N64 chart or they were totally blind. Only eight students were using LVDs before intervention. Seventy one children were referred for low vision assessment and 48 were found to benefit from the LVDs prescribed. The major cause of visual impairment was cataract (17%). Hand held magnifier was the most preferred LVD. Majority of the children attending the blind schools had residual vision but did not have LVDs. LVDs are able to significantly improve near visual acuity and hence there is a need to prescribe and train the children to use the LVDs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity
  9. Kursiah MR, Sharif FM, Balaravi P
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Dec;63(5):391-4.
    PMID: 19803298 MyJurnal
    This study was a retrospective study on corneal ulcer of one year period in Hospital Ipoh. A total of 28 cases were studied. Among the risk factors identified were foreign body on cornea, trauma, contact lens, vernal keratoconjunctivitis and surgical complication. The nature of this disease which was severe and slow healing caused prolonged hospital admission. Identification of causative microorganism by corneal scraping help in the treatment and management of this condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity
  10. Tang IP, Prepageran N, Subrayan V, Tajunisah I
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Oct;63(4):337-8.
    PMID: 19385499 MyJurnal
    Optic neuropathy, an uncommon manifestation occurs in 5% of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Its outcome is good if early and proper treatment given. We reported a 49 years old male patient of Graves' disease with bilateral optic neuropathy. He underwent bilateral transnasal endoscopic orbital decompression with marked improvement of visual acuity bilaterally. The preoperative visual acuity was 6/36 in his right eye and 6/60 in his left eye. Two days after operation, his visual acuity was 6/12 in his right eye and 6/24 in his left eye. Transnasal endoscopic orbital decompression is a choice of treatment in optic neuropathy in thyroid ophthalmopathy after trial of corticosteroids.
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity
  11. Fadilah SA, Muhaya M, Azlin I
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Oct;62(4):349-51.
    PMID: 18551947 MyJurnal
    Irreversible optic nerve dysfunction associated with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is an unusual but important complication of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM). Acute visual loss in CRVO is mainly due the severe macular oedema. However, ischaemic optic neuropathy needs to be considered in patients with CRVO when, (i) there is a relative afferent papillary defect and central scotoma, (ii) the visual acuity is not consistent with the retinal pathology, and (iii) the visual defects persisted despite resolution of macular oedema following treatment of the hyperviscosity state. The ischaemic type of CRVO is associated with a poor visual prognosis and the presenting visual acuity has a prognostic role. We report the first description of irreversible unilateral optic nerve damage associated with CRVO in a patient with WM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity*
  12. Chong PK, Loo AV, Alagaratnam JV
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Oct;62(4):343-4.
    PMID: 18551944 MyJurnal
    We report a three year follow up of a 35-year-old Indian gentleman who presented with sudden, painless blurring of left (L) eye vision with initial visual acuity (VA) of 6/60. Fundoscopy revealed (L) vitreous haemorrhage and subsequently confirmed a (L) inferotemporal capillary haemangioma. The adjacent area of capillary haemangioma was treated with barricade argon laser photocoagulation to prevent progression of exudative retinal detachment inferiorly. Subsequent follow up showed mild regression of capillary haemangioma with maintenance of (L) eye vision at 6/9.
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity*
  13. Jaais F
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Aug;59(3):378-83.
    PMID: 15727384
    This study reviewed the trabeculectomies (TEs) carried out in University Malaya Medical Center between 1994 to 1998. One hundred and nine of 132 eyes operated were in the primary glaucoma group of which 63 (47.7%) were of the open angle type and 46 (34.8%) were of the angle closure type. Twenty-three eyes belong to the secondary glaucoma group. Sixty-five eyes had plain or non-augmented trabeculectomy (TE) while 20 were augmented with mitomycin C (MMC) and 11 with 5 flourouracil (5FU). In 31 eyes the plain TEs were combined with extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and 4 with phacoemusification. One case had combined ECCE and augmented trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C. The patients were followed up at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. Ninety-four of 132 (71.2%) eyes had successful surgery with intraocular pressure (IOP) of less than 21 mmHg (tonometric success) at the end of 2 years. Four of these patients needed topical medication for the IOP control. More failures were seen in patients with cystic blebs than those with diffuse blebs. Complications include hypotony, shallow anterior chamber, cataracts and hyphaema. The majority of cases (53%) had no complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity
  14. Yong MH, Amin A, Mushawiahti M, Bastion ML
    Med J Malaysia, 2015 Dec;70(6):358-60.
    PMID: 26988210
    We report a case of a middle-aged gentleman with recalcitrant macular oedema (RMO) secondary to ischaemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). He was given six injections of intravitreal ranibizumab (anti-VEGF) monthly. However, his visual acuity (VA) deteriorated and the macular oedema worsened. He then received an intravitreal dexamethasone implant eight months post-CRVO. His VA and macular oedema improved dramatically and significantly at first follow-up and remained stable at six months after implant. This case can be a reference for those who treating recalcitrant macular oedema. It shows the effect of an intravitreal dexamathasone implant might have in a patient with RMO due to CRVO. The patient enjoyed improvement of vision, with clinical evidence of reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) and with no serious adverse events after a single injection up to six months post implant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity
  15. Liza-Sharmini AT, Ng GF, Nor-Sharina Y, Khairil Anuar MI, Nik Azlan Z, Azhany Y
    Med J Malaysia, 2014 Dec;69(6):245-51.
    PMID: 25934953 MyJurnal
    OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical presentation, severity and progression of primary angle closure between Chinese and Malays residing in Malaysia.

    METHODS: A comparative retrospective record review study was conducted involving one hundred (200 eyes) Malay and fifty eight (116 eyes) Chinese patients. They were selected from medical records of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan and Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia. The selected patients were re-diagnosed based on the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological classification. The clinical data on presentation including the presence of systemic diseases were documented. Progression of the disease was based on available reliable visual fields and optic disc changes of patients who have been on follow-up for at least five years.

    RESULTS: Malay patients presented at older age (61.4 years SD 8.4) compared to Chinese (60.6 years SD 8.3). There was significant higher baseline Intraocular Pressure (IOP) among Malays (34.7 SD 18.5mmHg) compared to Chinese (30.3 SD 16.7mmHg) (p=0.032). The Chinese patients presented with significantly better visual acuity (p<0.001) and less advanced cup to disc changes (p=0.001) compared to Malays. Malay patients progressed faster than the Chinese. Majority progressed within 1 year of diagnosis. Malays without laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) have a 4 fold (95% CI 1.4, 10.9) risk of progression. Higher baseline IOP, more advanced visual field defect and absence of LPI was identified as significant predictors associated with progression.

    CONCLUSION: The Malays presented with more advanced angle closure glaucoma as compared to the Chinese in Malaysia. Aggressive disease progression was observed in Malays with the onset of optic neuropathy. Effective public awareness and aggressive management is important to prevent blindness in the Malaysian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity
  16. Jaais F
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53(3):272-6.
    PMID: 10968165
    Secondary intraocular lens implantation after cataract surgery done in University Hospital between 1983 to 1993 were reviewed. Thirty three patients (37 eyes) underwent secondary intraocular lens implantation during this period. Twenty four eyes had secondary anterior chamber lens implantation while 13 had posterior chamber lens implantation. There was no case of secondary posterior scleral fixation lens implantation. Visual acuity of 6/9 or better was seen in 25 of 37 eyes (67%) in the series. Eyes seeing as good or better than before secondary implantation procedure were noted in 34 of 37 eyes (92%). Vision of 6/9 or better was seen in 9 of 13 eyes (70%) with posterior chamber implants and 16 of 24 eyes in (67%) with anterior chamber lenses. Complications including bullous keratopathy, uveitis and glaucoma were seen with anterior chamber implants of the rigid type resulting in poorer visual acuity than before the secondary procedure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity
  17. Teoh GH, Yow CS
    Med J Malaysia, 1982 Mar;37(1):7-10.
    PMID: 7121351
    A retrospective study of intraocular foreign bodies treated at the University Hospital over 10 years from 1970 - 1979 was carried out. Of the 48 cases reviewed, nine were anterior chamber foreign bodies while the rest were posterior segment foreign bodies. The anterior chamber foreign bodies had better visual prognosis as compared to the posterior segment foreign bodies. Most of the patients were young Chinese males and most of the injuries were due to accidents at work involving the 'hand hammer' (includes other implements used as a hammer).
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity
  18. Lim TK
    Med J Malaysia, 1984 Sep;39(3):205-9.
    PMID: 6544921
    50 cases of anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur were studied. 80% of the cases achieved visual acuity of 6/9 or better. The percentage would be higher if cases with pre-existing pathology are excluded and the period of follow-up is longer. Complications, mainly minor and non sight-threatening, are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity
  19. Then SM, Chandran S
    Med J Malaysia, 1975 Mar;30(3):180-6.
    PMID: 1160676
    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity
  20. Siti Nor Aishah AR, Mutalib A, Asma H, Baig AA, Naing NN, Hashim SE, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 11;75(6):685-690.
    PMID: 33219178
    OBJECTIVES: To design and develop a simple vision test algorithm for mobile application and perform a pilot study to determine its validity and reliability as a tool for vision test in the community.

    METHODS: A simple visual acuity test algorithm in the form of a single letter E display was designed as the optotype for development of a mobile application. The standardised optotype is presented at random to test visual acuity for corresponding level of 3/60, 6/60, 6/18, and 6/12. The final result is auto-generated based on the classification of the WHO for visual impairment and blindness. The Snellen chart was used as the gold standard to determine its validity while five different users were involved to determine its inter-rater reliability. A pilot study was performed between April till November 2019, in the Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Medical Centre (UMC) at Kuala Nerus and Mooris Optometrist Centre at Marang, Terengganu. A total of 279 participants aged four years old and above were involved in this study.

    RESULTS: The highest sensitivity was found at the vision level cut-off point of 6/12 with the percentage of 92.7% and 86.8% for the right and left eye, respectively. The specificity was more than 89% for all vision levels in both eyes. The Krippendorff's alpha value for the inter-rater reliability was 0.87 and 0.83.

    CONCLUSION: The relatively high level of validity and reliability obtained indicate the feasibility of using the designed optotype to develop a valid and reliable mobile app for vision test. The app can be used to screen vision by nonmedical persons, at anytime and anywhere to help improve public awareness and capability to correctly determine their visual status.

    Matched MeSH terms: Visual Acuity
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