MyMedR

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 43 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Natural disasters and economic losses: controlling external migration, energy and environmental resources, water demand, and financial development for global prosperity

Abbas Khan K, Zaman K, Shoukry AM, Sharkawy A, Gani S, Sasmoko, et al.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2019 May;26(14):14287-14299.
PMID: 30864039 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04755-5

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of natural disasters on external migration, price level, poverty incidence, health expenditures, energy and environmental resources, water demand, financial development, and economic growth in a panel of selected Asian countries for a period of 2005-2017. The results confirm that natural disasters in the form of storm and flood largely increase migration, price level, and poverty incidence, which negatively influenced country's economic resources, including enlarge healthcare expenditures, high energy demand, and low economic growth. The study further presented the following results: i) natural resource depletion increases external migration, ii) FDI inflows increase price level, iii) increase healthcare spending and energy demand decreases poverty headcount, iv) poverty incidence and mortality rate negatively influenced healthcare expenditures, v) industrialization increases energy demand, and vi) agriculture value added, fertilizer, and cereal yields required more water supply to produce greater yield. The study emphasized the need to magnify the intensity of natural disasters and create natural disaster mitigation unit to access the human and infrastructure cost and attempt quick recovery for global prosperity.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources/supply & distribution*
Fulltext Projected Streamflow in the Kurau River Basin of Western Malaysia under Future Climate Scenarios

Adib MNM, Rowshon MK, Mojid MA, Habibu I

Sci Rep, 2020 05 20;10(1):8336.
PMID: 32433561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65114-w

Climate change-induced spatial and temporal variability of stremflow has significant implications for hydrological processes and water supplies at basin scale. This study investigated the impacts of climate change on streamflow of the Kurau River Basin in Malaysia using a Climate-Smart Decision Support System (CSDSS) to predict future climate sequences. For this, we used 25 reliazations consisting from 10 Global Climate Models (GCMs) and three IPCC Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5). The generated climate sequences were used as input to Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate projected changes in hydrological processes in the basin over the period 2021-2080. The model performed fairly well for the Kurau River Basin, with coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Percent Bias (PBIAS) of 0.65, 0.65 and -3.0, respectively for calibration period (1981-1998) and 0.60, 0.59 and -4.6, respectively for validation period (1996-2005). Future projections over 2021-2080 period show an increase in rainfall during August to January (relatively wet season, called the main irrigation season) but a decrease in rainfall during February to July (relatively dry season, called the off season). Temperature projections show increase in both the maximum and minimum temperatures under the three RCP scenarios, with a maximum increase of 2.5 °C by 2021-2080 relative to baseline period of 1976-2005 under RCP8.5 scenario. The model predicted reduced streamflow under all RCP scenarios compared to the baseline period. Compared to 2021-2050 period, the projected streamflow will be higher during 2051-2080 period by 1.5 m3/s except in February for RCP8.5. The highest streamflow is predicted during August to December for both future periods under RCP8.5. The seasonal changes in streamflow range between -2.8% and -4.3% during the off season, and between 0% (nil) and -3.8% during the main season. The assessment of the impacts of climatic variabilities on the available water resources is necessary to identify adaptation strategies. It is supposed that such assessment on the Kurau River Basin under changing climate would improve operation policy for the Bukit Merah reservoir located at downstream of the basin. Thus, the predicted streamflow of the basin would be of importance to quantify potential impacts of climate change on the Bukit Merah reservoir and to determine the best possible operational strategies for irrigation release.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
Fulltext Input attributes optimization using the feasibility of genetic nature inspired algorithm: Application of river flow forecasting

Afan HA, Allawi MF, El-Shafie A, Yaseen ZM, Ahmed AN, Malek MA, et al.

Sci Rep, 2020 03 13;10(1):4684.
PMID: 32170078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61355-x

In nature, streamflow pattern is characterized with high non-linearity and non-stationarity. Developing an accurate forecasting model for a streamflow is highly essential for several applications in the field of water resources engineering. One of the main contributors for the modeling reliability is the optimization of the input variables to achieve an accurate forecasting model. The main step of modeling is the selection of the proper input combinations. Hence, developing an algorithm that can determine the optimal input combinations is crucial. This study introduces the Genetic algorithm (GA) for better input combination selection. Radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is used for monthly streamflow time series forecasting due to its simplicity and effectiveness of integration with the selection algorithm. In this paper, the RBFNN was integrated with the Genetic algorithm (GA) for streamflow forecasting. The RBFNN-GA was applied to forecast streamflow at the High Aswan Dam on the Nile River. The results showed that the proposed model provided high accuracy. The GA algorithm can successfully determine effective input parameters in streamflow time series forecasting.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
Water quality status of selected rivers in Kota Marudu, Sabah, Malaysia and its suitability for usage

Ahmad Zaharin Aris, Wan YL, Sarva MP, Mohd Kamil Yusoff, Muhamma Firuz Ramli, Hafizan Juahir

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:377-388.

The water chemistry of selected rivers in Kota Marudu, Sabah was studied based on the major ion chemistry and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Ten sampling stations were selected and water samples were collected from each station to assess its chemical properties. The physico-chemical variables including temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, turbidity, ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH3-N), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS) were measured. The cations (K, Mg, Ca, Na) were analyzed by ICP-MS. Most of the variables were within the drinking water quality standards stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health (MOH), Malaysia except for turbidity. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and salinity hazard were calculated to identify the suitability of the water as irrigation water. The Wilcox diagram classifies that only 10% of samples are not suitable for the purpose of irrigation. The overall results showed that most of the rivers in Kota Marudu are still in a clean condition and suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes except for Sumbilingan River, which is considered as slightly polluted. The results are supported by the hierarchical cluster analysis as the stations were grouped into two groups; low and high pollution intensities. This preliminary result can update the baseline data of selected water quality parameters in the Kota Marudu and could serve as tool for assisting relevant government bodies in regulating the water resources policies in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
Fulltext Prediction of water table in an alluvial aquifer using modflow

Al-Hassoun, Saleh A., Mohammad, Thamer Ahmed

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2011;19(1):45-55.
MyJurnal

Groundwater is the main source of water in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A larger part of groundwater is founded in alluvial (unconfined) aquifers. Prediction of water table elevations in
unconfined aquifers is very useful in water resources planning and management. During the last two
decades, many aquifers in different regions of the KSA experienced significant groundwater decline.
The declines in these aquifers raised concerns over the quantity and quality of groundwater, as well
as concerns over the planning and management policies used in KSA. The main objective of this study was to predict water table fluctuations and to estimate the annual change in water table at an alluvial aquifer at wadi Hada Al Sham near Makkah, KSA. The methodology was achieved using numerical groundwater model (MODFLOW). The model was calibrated and then used to predict water table elevations due to pumping for a period of 5 years. The output of the model was found to be in agreement with the previous records. Moreover, the simulation results also show reasonable declination of water table elevations in the study area during the study period.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
Semi-distributed rainfall-runoff modeling utilizing ASTER DEM in pinang catchment of Malaysia

Ali H. Ahmed Suliman, Webster Gumindoga, Ayob Katimon, Intan Zaurah Mat Darus

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1379-1388.

This paper presents the application of TOPMODEL in the Pinang catchment of Malaysia for stream flow simulation. An attempt has been made to use remote-sensing data (ASTER DEM of 30 m resolution) as a primary input for TOPMODEL in order to simulate the stream flow pattern of this tropical catchment. A calibration period was executed based on 2007-2008 hydro-meteorological dataset which gave a satisfactory Nash-Sutcliffe model (NS) model efficiency of 0.749 and a relative volume error (RVE) of -19.2. The recession curve parameter (m) and soil transmissivity at saturation zone (To), were established as the most sensitive parameters through a sensitivity analysis processes. Hydro-meteorological datasets for the period between 2009 and 2010 were used to validate the model which resulted in satisfactory efficiencies of 0.774 (NS) and -19.84 (RVE), respectively. This study demonstrated the ability ASTER DEM acquired from remote sensing to generate the required TOPMODEL parameters for stream flow simulation which gives insights into better management of available water resources.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
Review on applications of artificial intelligence methods for dam and reservoir-hydro-environment models

Allawi MF, Jaafar O, Mohamad Hamzah F, Abdullah SMS, El-Shafie A

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2018 May;25(14):13446-13469.
PMID: 29616480 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1867-8

Efficacious operation for dam and reservoir system could guarantee not only a defenselessness policy against natural hazard but also identify rule to meet the water demand. Successful operation of dam and reservoir systems to ensure optimal use of water resources could be unattainable without accurate and reliable simulation models. According to the highly stochastic nature of hydrologic parameters, developing accurate predictive model that efficiently mimic such a complex pattern is an increasing domain of research. During the last two decades, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been significantly utilized for attaining a robust modeling to handle different stochastic hydrological parameters. AI techniques have also shown considerable progress in finding optimal rules for reservoir operation. This review research explores the history of developing AI in reservoir inflow forecasting and prediction of evaporation from a reservoir as the major components of the reservoir simulation. In addition, critical assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of integrated AI simulation methods with optimization methods has been reported. Future research on the potential of utilizing new innovative methods based AI techniques for reservoir simulation and optimization models have also been discussed. Finally, proposal for the new mathematical procedure to accomplish the realistic evaluation of the whole optimization model performance (reliability, resilience, and vulnerability indices) has been recommended.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources/supply & distribution*
Enhancing the performance of data-driven models for monthly reservoir evaporation prediction

Allawi MF, Aidan IA, El-Shafie A

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 Feb;28(7):8281-8295.
PMID: 33052565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11062-x

The accuracy level for reservoir evaporation prediction is an important issue for decision making in the water resources field. The traditional methods for evaporation prediction could encounter numerous obstacles owing to the effect of several parameters on the shape of the evaporation pattern. The current research presented modern model called the Coactive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (CANFIS). Modification for such model has been achieved for enhancing the evaporation prediction accuracy. Genetic algorithm was utilized to select the effective input combination. The efficiency of the proposed model has been compared with popular artificial intelligence models according to several statistical indicators. Two different case studies Aswan High Dam (AHD) and Timah Tasoh Dam (TTD) have been considered to explore the performance of the proposed models. It is concluded that the modified GA-CANFIS model is better than GA-ANFIS, GA-SVR, and GA-RBFNN for evaporation prediction for both case studies. GA-CANFIS attained minimum RMSE (15.22 mm month-1 for AHD, 8.78 mm month-1 for TTD), minimum MAE (12.48 mm month-1 for AHD, 5.11 mm month-1 for TTD), and maximum determination coefficient (0.98 for AHD, 0.95 for TTD).

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
Fulltext Flow in a branching open channel: a review

Alomari. Nashwan K., Badronnisa Yusuf, Thamer Ahmed Mohammed Ali, Abdul Halim Ghazali

The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2016;2(2):40-56.
MyJurnal

Branching channel flow refers to any side water withdrawals from rivers or main channels.
Branching channels have wide application in many practical projects, such as irrigation and drainage
network systems, water and waste water treatment plants, and many water resources projects. In the
last decades, extensive theoretical and experimental investigations of the branching open channels
have been carried out to understand the characteristics of this branching flow, varying from case
studies to theoretical and experimental investigations. The objectives of this paper are to review and
summarise the relevant literatures regarding branching channel flow. These literatures were reviewed
based on flow characteristics, physical characteristics, and modeling of the branching flow.
Investigations of the flow into branching channel show that the branching discharge depends on many
interlinked parameters. It increases with the decreasing of the main channel flow velocity and Froude
number at the upstream of the branch channel junction. Also it increases with the increasing of the
branch channel bed slope. In subcritical flow, water depth in the branch channel is always lower than
the main channel water depth. The flow diversion to the branch channel leads to an increase of water
depth at the downstream of the main channel. From the review, it is important to highlight that most
of the study concentrated on flow characteristics in a right angle branch channel with a rigid boundary.
Investigations on different branching angles with movable bed have still to be explored.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
Fulltext Marine electrical imaging reveals novel freshwater transport mechanism in Hawai'i

Attias E, Thomas D, Sherman D, Ismail K, Constable S

Sci Adv, 2020 Nov;6(48).
PMID: 33239299 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd4866

Conventional hydrogeologic framework models used to compute ocean island sustainable yields and aquifer storage neglect the complexity of the nearshore and offshore submarine environment. However, the onshore aquifer at the island of Hawai'i exhibits a notable volumetric discrepancy between high-elevation freshwater recharge and coastal discharge. In this study, we present a novel transport mechanism of freshwater moving from onshore to offshore through a multilayer formation of water-saturated layered basalts with interbedded low-permeability layers of ash/soil. Marine electromagnetic imaging reveals ∼35 km of laterally continuous resistive layers that extend to at least 4 km from west of Hawai'i's coastline, containing about 3.5 km3 of freshened water. We propose that this newly found transport mechanism of fresh groundwater may be the governing mechanism in other volcanic islands. In such a scenario, volcanic islands worldwide can use these renewable offshore reservoirs, considered more resilient to climate change-driven droughts, as new water resources.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
Diagnostics of intestinal parasites by light microscopy among the population of children between the ages of 4-12 in eastern Turkey

Babat SO, Sirekbasan S, Macin S, Kariptas E, Polat E

Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):1087-1091.
PMID: 33601855

Intestinal parasitic infections are among important health problems in developing countries. In societies living in low socioeconomic conditions, it has been neglected and mostly affects children. It is important to determine the prevalence and type of intestinal parasites in order to determine the intervention strategies for these infections. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate intestinal parasite prevalence and IgE levels and the factors associated with the region in which the children population live, in Sirnak province, in the eastern of Turkey. A total of 357 symptomatic children aged 4 to 12 years, who were admitted to the Paediatric Polyclinic of Sirnak State Hospital, were examined prospectively. The collected stool samples were examined with direct wet-mount and concentration method under light microscope. In addition, total serum IgE levels were compared among 223 children with parasitic disease and 134 children without parasitic disease. One or more intestinal parasites were detected in 223 out of the 357 children participating in the study. The ratio of single, double, and triple parasitic infections in children was 32.5 %, 22.4 % and 7.6 %, respectively. The most common parasites determined in the study were Taenia spp. (39.9%), Enterobius vermicularis (38.6%) and Giardia intestinalis. (30 %). The difference between IgE levels determined in both groups was not regarded to be statistically significant. This study indicated that that intestinal polyparism is very common in children living in the province of Sirnak, which is located in the east of Turkey, neighbouring Iraq and Syria in the South. For this reason, sustainable control measures are urgently needed to improve personal hygiene and sanitation, to provide a healthy infrastructure and to improve the quality of existing water resources.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
Suspended sediment load prediction using artificial neural network and ant lion optimization algorithm

Banadkooki FB, Ehteram M, Ahmed AN, Teo FY, Ebrahimi M, Fai CM, et al.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020 Oct;27(30):38094-38116.
PMID: 32621196 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09876-w

Suspended sediment load (SSL) estimation is a required exercise in water resource management. This article proposes the use of hybrid artificial neural network (ANN) models, for the prediction of SSL, based on previous SSL values. Different input scenarios of daily SSL were used to evaluate the capacity of the ANN-ant lion optimization (ALO), ANN-bat algorithm (BA) and ANN-particle swarm optimization (PSO). The Goorganrood basin in Iran was selected for this study. First, the lagged SSL data were used as the inputs to the models. Next, the rainfall and temperature data were used. Optimization algorithms were used to fine-tune the parameters of the ANN model. Three statistical indexes were used to evaluate the accuracy of the models: the root-mean-square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). An uncertainty analysis of the predicting models was performed to evaluate the capability of the hybrid ANN models. A comparison of models indicated that the ANN-ALO improved the RMSE accuracy of the ANN-BA and ANN-PSO models by 18% and 26%, respectively. Based on the uncertainty analysis, it can be surmised that the ANN-ALO has an acceptable degree of uncertainty in predicting daily SSL. Generally, the results indicate that the ANN-ALO is applicable for a variety of water resource management operations.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
Spatiotemporal assessment of water quality monitoring network in a tropical river

Camara M, Jamil NR, Abdullah AFB, Hashim RB

Environ Monit Assess, 2019 Nov 08;191(12):729.
PMID: 31705319 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7906-1

Managers of water quality and water monitoring programs are often faced with constraints in terms of budget, time, and laboratory capacity for sample analysis. In such situation, the ideal solution is to reduce the number of sampling sites and/or monitored variables. In this case, selecting appropriate monitoring sites is a challenge. To overcome this problem, this study was conducted to statistically assess and identify the appropriate sampling stations of monitoring network under the monitored parameters. To achieve this goal, two sets of water quality data acquired from two different monitoring networks were used. The hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) were used to group stations with similar characteristics in the networks, the time series analysis was then performed to observe the temporal variation of water quality within the station clusters, and the geo-statistical analysis associated Kendall's coefficient of concordance were finally applied to identify the most appropriate and least appropriate sampling stations. Based on the overall result, five stations were identified in the networks that contribute the most to the knowledge of water quality status of the entire river. In addition, five stations deemed less important were identified and could therefore be considered as redundant in the network. This result demonstrated that geo-statistical technique coupled with Kendall's coefficient of concordance can be a reliable method for water resource managers to identify appropriate sampling sites in a river monitoring network.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
GIS-based groundwater potential analysis using novel ensemble weights-of-evidence with logistic regression and functional tree models

Chen W, Li H, Hou E, Wang S, Wang G, Panahi M, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2018 Sep 01;634:853-867.
PMID: 29653429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.055

The aim of the current study was to produce groundwater spring potential maps using novel ensemble weights-of-evidence (WoE) with logistic regression (LR) and functional tree (FT) models. First, a total of 66 springs were identified by field surveys, out of which 70% of the spring locations were used for training the models and 30% of the spring locations were employed for the validation process. Second, a total of 14 affecting factors including aspect, altitude, slope, plan curvature, profile curvature, stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), sediment transport index (STI), lithology, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land use, soil, distance to roads, and distance to streams was used to analyze the spatial relationship between these affecting factors and spring occurrences. Multicollinearity analysis and feature selection of the correlation attribute evaluation (CAE) method were employed to optimize the affecting factors. Subsequently, the novel ensembles of the WoE, LR, and FT models were constructed using the training dataset. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, standard error, confidence interval (CI) at 95%, and significance level P were employed to validate and compare the performance of three models. Overall, all three models performed well for groundwater spring potential evaluation. The prediction capability of the FT model, with the highest AUC values, the smallest standard errors, the narrowest CIs, and the smallest P values for the training and validation datasets, is better compared to those of other models. The groundwater spring potential maps can be adopted for the management of water resources and land use by planners and engineers.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the water resources of the Kuang River catchment, Northern Thailand

Chuah CJ, Mukhaidin N, Choy SH, Smith GJD, Mendenhall IH, Lim YAL, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2016 08 15;562:701-713.
PMID: 27110981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.247

A catchment-scale investigation of the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the Kuang River Basin was carried out during the dry and rainy seasons. Water samples were collected from the Kuang River and its tributaries as well as a major irrigation canal at the study site. We also investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection among dairy and beef cattle hosts. Cryptosporidium and/or Giardia were detected in all the rivers considered for this study, reflecting their ubiquity within the Kuang River Basin. The high prevalence of Cryptosporidium/Giardia in the upper Kuang River and Lai River is of a particular concern as both drain into the Mae Kuang Reservoir, a vital source of drinking-water to many local towns and villages at the research area. We did not, however, detected neither Cryptosporidium nor Giardia were in the irrigation canal. The frequency of Cryptosporidium/Giardia detection nearly doubled during the rainy season compared to the dry season, highlighting the importance of water as an agent of transport. In addition to the overland transport of these protozoa from their land sources (e.g. cattle manure, cess pits), Cryptosporidium/Giardia may also be re-suspended from the streambeds (a potentially important repository) into the water column of rivers during storm events. Faecal samples from dairy and beef cattle showed high infection rates from various intestinal parasites - 97% and 94%, respectively. However, Cryptosporidium and Giardia were only detected in beef cattle. The difference in management style between beef (freeranging) and dairy cattle (confined) may account for this disparity. Finally, phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Cryptosporidium/Giardia-positive samples contained C. ryanae (non-zoonotic) as well as Giardia intestinalis assemblages B (zoonotic) and E (non-zoonotic). With only basic water treatment facilities afforded to them, the communities of the rural area relying on these water supplies are highly at risk to Cryptosporidium/Giardia infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
Fulltext SCS-curve number in tropics: a review

Faizalhakim, A.S., Nurhidayu, S., Norizah, K.

The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2017;3(2):73-96.
MyJurnal

Rainfall-runoff information is critical for water resource and river basin management. Runoff can be estimated by using two methods; gauged method (direct measurement) and ungauged method (indirect formula and equation). The in-situ measurement provides real-time and accurate yet required time-consuming operation and inaccessibility topography. Therefore, the runoff estimation modelling and equation was developed to overcome the limitation of in-situ measurement. SCS-CN is a simple model of ungauged method, where runoff volume (Q) resulting from rainfall (P) is formulated using equation of (Q= (P-Ia) 2 / (P-Ia + S). It was known as the best technique to be adopted for large basin study where time and manpower also accessibility are limited. SCS-CN method also is widely use in prediction software as it taken into consideration of the effects of soil, properties, land cover and antecedent moisture. Curve Number is well developed in USA for the agriculture purpose with many investigations to validate and calibrate the values of curve number. It was applied in numerous river basins in temperate and other regions e.g. US, Argentina, India, China, South Korea, Palestine and Malaysia. However, the reliability of the CN in the tropics is doubtable due to different land use characteristics, soil type, climate, geological features and rainfall pattern and variability. Based on the reviewed conceptual and applications of SCS-CN in temperate and tropics, numerous studies found the SCS-CN method is reliable and practical for runoff estimation in tropics region.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
A review of the management of water resources in Malaysia facing climate change

Fulazzaky MA, Syafiuddin A, Muda K, Martin AY, Yusop Z, Ghani NHA

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Dec;30(58):121865-121880.
PMID: 37962755 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30967-x

This paper reviewed the impacts of climate change on the management of the water sector in Malaysia discussing the current status of water resources, water service, and water-related disasters. The implementation of engineering practices was discussed to provide the detailed assessment of climate change impacts, risks, and adaptation for sustainable development. The narrative methods of reviewing the literatures were used to get an understanding on the engineering practices of water infrastructures, implication of the government policies, and several models as the main motivation behind the concept of integrated water resource management to contribute as part of the sustainable development goals to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. The findings of this review highlighted the impacts of climate change on the rivers, sea, lakes, dams, and groundwater affecting the availability of water for domestic and industrial water supplies, irrigation, hydropower, and fisheries. The impacts of climate change on the water-related disasters have been indicated affecting drought-flood abrupt alternation and water pollution. Challenges of water management practices facing climate change should be aware of the updated intensity-duration-frequency curves, alternative sources of water, effective water demand management, efficiency of irrigation water, inter-basin water transfer, and nonrevenue water. The transferability of this review findings contribute to an engagement with the society and policy makers to mobilize for climate change adaptation in the water sector.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources*
Comparative proteomics of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum guard cells and mesophyll cells in transition from C3 to CAM

Guan Q, Kong W, Zhu D, Zhu W, Dufresne C, Tian J, et al.

J Proteomics, 2021 01 16;231:104019.
PMID: 33075550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104019

Salinity can induce Mesembryanthemum crystallinum to shift its photosynthesis from C3 to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), leading to enhanced plant water use efficiency. Studying how M. crystallinum changes its carbon fixation pathways is important for potential translation into crops and enhancing crop resilience. In this study, we examined proteomic changes in guard cells and mesophyll cells in the course of the C3 to CAM transition. We collected enriched guard cells and mesophyll cells during a short period of transition. A total of 1153 proteins were identified and quantified in the two cell-types. During the transition, proteins in the guard cells and mesophyll cells exhibited differential changes. For example, we observed nocturnal carbon fixation in mesophyll cells and proteins involved in cell growth in the two cell-types. Proteins involved in osmotic adjustment, ion transport, energy metabolism and light response may play important roles in the C3 to CAM transition. Real-time PCR experiments were conducted to determine potential correlations between transcript and protein levels. These results have highlighted potential molecular mechanisms underlying the C3 to CAM transition of guard cells and mesophyll cells of the important facultative CAM plant. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Fresh water resource for agricultural food production is a global challenge. Nature has evolved crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants with enhanced water use efficiency. Using single cell-type proteomics, this study revealed molecular changes taking place in guard cells and mesophyll cells during the shift of ice plant photosynthesis from C3 to CAM. The results have provided important insights into the CAM transition and may facilitate effort toward enhancing crop resilience for global food security.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
Agricultural drought risk assessment of Northern New South Wales, Australia using geospatial techniques

Hoque MA, Pradhan B, Ahmed N, Sohel MSI

Sci Total Environ, 2020 Nov 17.
PMID: 33248778 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143600

Droughts are recurring events in Australia and cause a severe effect on agricultural and water resources. However, the studies about agricultural drought risk mapping are very limited in Australia. Therefore, a comprehensive agricultural drought risk assessment approach that incorporates all the risk components with their influencing criteria is essential to generate detailed drought risk information for operational drought management. A comprehensive agricultural drought risk assessment approach was prepared in this work incorporating all components of risk (hazard, vulnerability, exposure, and mitigation capacity) with their relevant criteria using geospatial techniques. The prepared approach is then applied to identify the spatial pattern of agricultural drought risk for Northern New South Wales region of Australia. A total of 16 relevant criteria under each risk component were considered, and fuzzy logic aided geospatial techniques were used to prepare vulnerability, exposure, hazard, and mitigation capacity indices. These indices were then incorporated to quantify agricultural drought risk comprehensively in the study area. The outputs depicted that about 19.2% and 41.7% areas are under very-high and moderate to high risk to agricultural droughts, respectively. The efficiency of the results is successfully evaluated using a drought inventory map. The generated spatial drought risk information produced by this study can assist relevant authorities in formulating proactive agricultural drought mitigation strategies.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources
Bioremediation and Detoxification of the Textile Wastewater with Membrane Bioreactor Using the White-rot Fungus and Reuse of Wastewater

Hossain K, Quaik S, Ismail N, Rafatullah M, Avasan M, Shaik R

Iran J Biotechnol, 2016 Sep;14(3):154-162.
PMID: 28959331 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1216

BACKGROUND: Application of membrane technology to wastewater treatment has expanded over the last decades due to increasingly stringent legislation, greater opportunities for water reuse/recycling processes and continuing advancement in membrane technology.
OBJECTIVES: In the present study, a bench-scale submerged microfiltration membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used to assess the treatment of textile wastewater.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The decolorization capacity of white-rot fungus coriolus versicolor was confirmed through agar plate and liquid batch studies. The temperature and pH of the reactor were controlled at 29±1°C and 4.5±2, respectively. The bioreactor was operated with an average flux of 0.05 m.d(-1) (HRT=15hrs) for a month.
RESULTS: Extensive growth of fungi and their attachment to the membrane led to its fouling and associated increase of the transmembrane pressure requiring a periodic withdrawal of sludge and membrane cleaning. However, stable decoloration activity (approx. 98%), BOD (40-50%), COD (50-67%) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal (>95%) was achieved using the entire system (fungi + membrane), while the contribution of the fungi culture alone for TOC removal, as indicated by the quality of the reactor supernatant, was 35-50% and 70%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The treated wastewater quality satisfied the requirement of water quality for dyeing and finishing process excluding light coloration. Therefore, textile wastewater reclamation and reuse is a promising alternative, which can both conserve or supplement the available water resource and reduce or eliminate the environmental pollution.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Resources

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links