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  1. Fulltext Whole genome sequencing of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolated from the chewing stick (Distemonanthus benthamianus): insights into Rhodotorula phylogeny, mitogenome dynamics and carotenoid biosynthesis
    Gan HM, Thomas BN, Cavanaugh NT, Morales GH, Mayers AN, Savka MA, et al.
    PeerJ, 2017;5:e4030.
    PMID: 29158974 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4030
    In industry, the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa is commonly used for the production of carotenoids. The production of carotenoids is important because they are used as natural colorants in food and some carotenoids are precursors of retinol (vitamin A). However, the identification and molecular characterization of the carotenoid pathway/s in species belonging to the genus Rhodotorula is scarce due to the lack of genomic information thus potentially impeding effective metabolic engineering of these yeast strains for improved carotenoid production. In this study, we report the isolation, identification, characterization and the whole nuclear genome and mitogenome sequence of the endophyte R. mucilaginosa RIT389 isolated from Distemonanthus benthamianus, a plant known for its anti-fungal and antibacterial properties and commonly used as chewing sticks. The assembled genome of R. mucilaginosa RIT389 is 19 Mbp in length with an estimated genomic heterozygosity of 9.29%. Whole genome phylogeny supports the species designation of strain RIT389 within the genus in addition to supporting the monophyly of the currently sequenced Rhodotorula species. Further, we report for the first time, the recovery of the complete mitochondrial genome of R. mucilaginosa using the genome skimming approach. The assembled mitogenome is at least 7,000 bases larger than that of Rhodotorula taiwanensis which is largely attributed to the presence of large intronic regions containing open reading frames coding for homing endonuclease from the LAGLIDADG and GIY-YIG families. Furthermore, genomic regions containing the key genes for carotenoid production were identified in R. mucilaginosa RIT389, revealing differences in gene synteny that may play a role in the regulation of the biotechnologically important carotenoid synthesis pathways in yeasts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  2. Fulltext Utility of Pap Smears and Mammograms in Midlife Urban Malaysian Women
    Adeeb, N., Nur-Azurah, A.G., Ong, F.B., Seri, S.S., Shamsuddin, K., Noor-Aini, M.Y., et al.
    Medicine & Health, 2008;3(1):59-68.
    MyJurnal
    Cancers of the breast and cervix made up 30.4% and 12% of all cancer cases in Malaysia. Thus screening for reproductive organ cancers as women approached menopause becomes exceedingly important. The study reports the baseline assessment tests of 495 disease free urban Malaysian women aged 45 years and above who volunteered in a healthy lifestyle intervention study. The sample comprised of 58.0% premenopaused and 42.0% postmenopaused women with an average age of 51.27±5.35 years old. Over two thirds were Chinese followed by Malays and Indians. Overall, abnormal Pap smears were seen in 7.6% comprising of 1.3% cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), 6.1% human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and 0.2% atypical squmous cells of undetermined significances (ASCUS). Yeast and other infections were found in 6.9% and 1.9% respectively. Comparatively, postmenopausal women had a 2.8 fold higher cancerous changes whereas premenopausal women had a higher infection rate, 11.8% vs. 4.7% respectively (p=0.024) with comparable HPV infection rates in both. This study found 1.3% had breast cancer (BC) with 3.6% requiring a biopsy while 3.4% needed regular follow up. Postmenopaused women had more abnormal mammograms (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  3. Fulltext Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of frozen wheat flour dough added with selected food gums
    Sim, S.Y., Noor Aziah, A.A., Teng, T.T., Cheng, L.H.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(1):333-340.
    MyJurnal
    The effects of food gums addition on wheat dough freeze-thaw and frozen storage stability were studied. Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of frozen wheat dough without yeast addition were
    determined by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA).
    DSC results revealed that food gums showed the ability to increase freeze-thaw stability in frozen-stored
    samples wherein lower difference in melting enthalpy between first and second freeze-thaw cycle was shown. Based on DMA results, in general, difference between Tg’ and storage temperature (- 18°C) of dough became smaller upon addition of food gums. This may have a practical implication whereby the unfrozen phase could be better protected against physical degradation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  4. Fulltext The effect of synbiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 and Musa acuminata on Candida albicans biofilm formation
    Nurul Alia Risma Rismayuddin, Munirah Mokhtar, Noratikah Othman, Ahmad Faisal Ismail, Mohd Hafiz Arzmi
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(108):37-37.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction:Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that is associated with oral carcinogenesis. In addition, biofilm formation has been one of the important virulence factors of the yeast. Streptococcus salivarius K12 is an oral probiotic while Musa acuminata is a well-known prebiotic. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of S. salivarius K12 and M. acuminata skin aqueous extract (synbiotic) on C. albicans with the hypothesis that S. salivariusK12 and M. acuminata inhibit C. albicans biofilm formation. Methods: To develop mono-species biofilm, C. albicans(ATCC MYA-4901 and cancer isolates, ALC2 and ALC3 strains) and S. salivarius K12 were standardised to 105 cells and 106 cells, respectively and grown in 96-well plate in nutrient broth (NB) or RPMI at 37 °C for 72 h. Polymicro-bial biofilms were developed by inoculating both microorganisms in the same well with similar cell number as in mono-species. To determine the effect of synbiotic, similar protocol was repeated by mixing with 800 mg mL-1 of M. acuminata skin extract and incubated at 37 °C for 72 h. The medium was replenished at every 24 h, aseptically. Finally, the biofilms were assessed using crystal violet assay and the optical density was measured at OD620nm. Results:C. albicans strain MYA-4901 and ALC3, when grown in polymicrobial with S. salivarius K12 in NB that is predominated by yeast-form C. albicans, exhibited decreased biofilms by 71.40±11.7% and 49.40±3.9%, respec-tively when compared to the expected biofilms. Meanwhile in RPMI, which C. albicans strain ATCC MYA-4901, ALC2 and ALC3 were predominated by hyphal-form showed decreased biofilms by 72.0±26.7%, 53.4±14.4% and 65.7±6.7%, respectively when compared to the expected biofilms. Conclusion:S. salivarius K12 and M. acuminata skin extract synbiotic inhibit biofilm formation of C. albicans yeast and hyphal forms thus supported the hypothesis of the present study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  5. Fulltext The effect of storage on the quality attributes of ultraviolet-irradiated and thermally pasteurised pineapple juices
    Chia, S. L., Rosnah, S., Noranizan, M. A., Wan Ramli, W. D.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(3):1001-1010.
    MyJurnal
    The effect of storage time on the quality of ultraviolet-irradiated and thermally pasteurised pineapple juice was evaluated. The juices were irradiated with ultraviolet light (UV-C) at wavelength 254 nm (53.42 mJ/cm2, 4.918 s), thermally pasteurised at 800C for 10 minutes and stored at 40C for 13 weeks. There were significant changes in the total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity and turbidity of UV-irradiated juice during storage, whereas for the same quality attributes of thermally pasteurised juice remained stable throughout the storage time. There were no significant changes in total phenolics for both treatments throughout the storage period. Other quality parameters (ascorbic acid, colour L, hue angle and chroma) were significantly affected by the storage time. Regarding the microbiological analysis, the total plate counts and yeast and mould counts of the UV-irradiated juice increased gradually throughout the 13 weeks of storage while these parameters remained unchanged in the thermally pasteurised juice with almost no microorganism growth. UV-irradiated pineapple juice preserved better quality attributes (TSS, pH, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, turbidity, total phenolic, L (lightness), hue angle and chroma) than the thermal pasteurised juice during the storage time. Hence, UV irradiation has great potential as an alternative technology to thermal pasteurisation in producing products of high nutritive values.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  6. Fulltext The Glaciozyma antarctica genome reveals an array of systems that provide sustained responses towards temperature variations in a persistently cold habitat
    Firdaus-Raih M, Hashim NHF, Bharudin I, Abu Bakar MF, Huang KK, Alias H, et al.
    PLoS One, 2018;13(1):e0189947.
    PMID: 29385175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189947
    Extremely low temperatures present various challenges to life that include ice formation and effects on metabolic capacity. Psyhcrophilic microorganisms typically have an array of mechanisms to enable survival in cold temperatures. In this study, we sequenced and analysed the genome of a psychrophilic yeast isolated in the Antarctic region, Glaciozyma antarctica. The genome annotation identified 7857 protein coding sequences. From the genome sequence analysis we were able to identify genes that encoded for proteins known to be associated with cold survival, in addition to annotating genes that are unique to G. antarctica. For genes that are known to be involved in cold adaptation such as anti-freeze proteins (AFPs), our gene expression analysis revealed that they were differentially transcribed over time and in response to different temperatures. This indicated the presence of an array of adaptation systems that can respond to a changing but persistent cold environment. We were also able to validate the activity of all the AFPs annotated where the recombinant AFPs demonstrated anti-freeze capacity. This work is an important foundation for further collective exploration into psychrophilic microbiology where among other potential, the genes unique to this species may represent a pool of novel mechanisms for cold survival.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  7. Structure and function of the vacuolar Ccc1/VIT1 family of iron transporters and its regulation in fungi
    Sorribes-Dauden R, Peris D, Martínez-Pastor MT, Puig S
    Comput Struct Biotechnol J, 2020;18:3712-3722.
    PMID: 33304466 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.044
    Iron is an essential micronutrient for most living beings since it participates as a redox active cofactor in many biological processes including cellular respiration, lipid biosynthesis, DNA replication and repair, and ribosome biogenesis and recycling. However, when present in excess, iron can participate in Fenton reactions and generate reactive oxygen species that damage cells at the level of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Organisms have developed different molecular strategies to protect themselves against the harmful effects of high concentrations of iron. In the case of fungi and plants, detoxification mainly occurs by importing cytosolic iron into the vacuole through the Ccc1/VIT1 iron transporter. New sequenced genomes and bioinformatic tools are facilitating the functional characterization, evolution and ecological relevance of metabolic pathways and homeostatic networks across the Tree of Life. Sequence analysis shows that Ccc1/VIT1 homologs are widely distributed among organisms with the exception of animals. The recent elucidation of the crystal structure of a Ccc1/VIT1 plant ortholog has enabled the identification of both conserved and species-specific motifs required for its metal transport mechanism. Moreover, recent studies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have also revealed that multiple transcription factors including Yap5 and Msn2/Msn4 contribute to the expression of CCC1 in high-iron conditions. Interestingly, Malaysian S. cerevisiae strains express a partially functional Ccc1 protein that renders them sensitive to iron. Different regulatory mechanisms have been described for non-Saccharomycetaceae Ccc1 homologs. The characterization of Ccc1/VIT1 proteins is of high interest in the development of biofortified crops and the protection against microbial-derived diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  8. Structural insight into tanapoxvirus mediated inhibition of apoptosis
    Suraweera CD, Anasir MI, Chugh S, Javorsky A, Impey RE, Hasan Zadeh M, et al.
    FEBS J, 2020 May 15.
    PMID: 32412687 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15365
    Premature programmed cell death or apoptosis of cells is a strategy utilized by multicellular organisms to counter microbial threats. Tanapoxvirus (TANV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the poxviridae that causes mild Monkeypox-like infections in humans and primates. TANV encodes for a putative apoptosis inhibitory protein 16L. We show that TANV16L is able to bind to a range of peptides spanning the BH3 motif of human pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, and is able to counter growth arrest of yeast induced by human Bak and Bax. We then determined the crystal structures of TANV16L bound to three identified interactors, Bax, Bim and Puma BH3. TANV16L adopts a globular Bcl-2 fold comprising 7 a-helices, and utilizes the canonical Bcl-2 binding groove to engage pro-apoptotic host cell Bcl-2 proteins. Unexpectedly, TANV16L is able to adopt both a monomeric as well as a domain-swapped dimeric topology where the a1 helix from one protomer is swapped into a neighbouring unit. Despite adopting two different oligomeric forms, the canonical ligand binding groove in TANV16L remains unchanged from monomer to domain-swapped dimer. Our results provide a structural and mechanistic basis for tanapoxvirus mediated inhibition of host cell apoptosis, and reveal the capacity of Bcl-2 proteins to adopt differential oligomeric states whilst maintaining the canonical ligand binding groove in an unchanged state.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  9. Fulltext Stable heterologous expression of biologically active terpenoids in green plant cells
    Ikram NK, Zhan X, Pan XW, King BC, Simonsen HT
    Front Plant Sci, 2015;6:129.
    PMID: 25852702 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00129
    Plants biosynthesize a great diversity of biologically active small molecules of interest for fragrances, flavors, and pharmaceuticals. Among specialized metabolites, terpenoids represent the greatest molecular diversity. Many terpenoids are very complex, and total chemical synthesis often requires many steps and difficult chemical reactions, resulting in a low final yield or incorrect stereochemistry. Several drug candidates with terpene skeletons are difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis due to their large number of chiral centers. Thus, biological production remains the preferred method for industrial production for many of these compounds. However, because these chemicals are often found in low abundance in the native plant, or are produced in plants which are difficult to cultivate, there is great interest in engineering increased production or expression of the biosynthetic pathways in heterologous hosts. Although there are many examples of successful engineering of microbes such as yeast or bacteria to produce these compounds, this often requires extensive changes to the host organism's metabolism. Optimization of plant gene expression, post-translational protein modifications, subcellular localization, and other factors often present challenges. To address the future demand for natural products used as drugs, new platforms are being established that are better suited for heterologous production of plant metabolites. Specifically, direct metabolic engineering of plants can provide effective heterologous expression for production of valuable plant-derived natural products. In this review, our primary focus is on small terpenoids and we discuss the benefits of plant expression platforms and provide several successful examples of stable production of small terpenoids in plants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  10. Fulltext Short technical communication yeast identification from domestic ragi for food fermentation by PCR method
    Siti Hajar, M.D., Noorhisham, T.K., Nurina, A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(2):775-777.
    MyJurnal
    In this study polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify yeast in domestic ragi obtained
    from two local markets in Sarawak and Pahang. These ragi are normally used as a dry starter in food fermentation (tapai) for Pahang (ST2) and Sarawak (ST3) and tuak (ST1) which is an alcoholic drink in Sarawak. Universal primer, NL1 and NL4 were used as a primer in this study to amplify D1/D2 fragment. Based on the result from the sequencing and after the BLAST search of the nucleotide sequences, the strain was confirmed as Candida glabrata (FN424108.) partial 26S rRNA gene, strain IMUFRJ 51955 for ST1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae(EU285514.1) isolate 35 26S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence for ST2 sample and Candida glabrata (FN393990.1) partial 26S rRNA gene, strain MUCL 51244 for ST3. All these strains were found in domestic ragi used for food fermentation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  11. Screening and identification of host proteins interacting with Toxoplasma gondii SAG2 by yeast two-hybrid assay
    Lai MY, Lau YL
    Parasit Vectors, 2017 Oct 02;10(1):456.
    PMID: 28969712 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2387-y
    BACKGROUND: The identification of receptors or binding partners of Toxoplasma gondii from humans is an essential activity. Many proteins involved in T. gondii invasion have been characterized, and their contribution for parasite entry has been proposed. However, their molecular interactions remain unclear.

    RESULTS: Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) experiment was used to identify the binding partners of surface antigens of T. gondii by using SAG2 as bait. Colony PCR was performed and positive clones were sent for sequencing to confirm their identity. The yeast plasmids for true positive clones were rescued by transformation into E. coli TOP 10F' cells. The interplay between bait and prey was confirmed by β-galactosidase assay and co-immunoprecipitation experiment. We detected 20 clones interacting with SAG2 based on a series of the selection procedures. Following the autoactivation and toxicity tests, SAG2 was proven to be a suitable candidate as a bait. Thirteen clones were further examined by small scale Y2H experiment. The results indicated that a strong interaction existed between Homo sapiens zinc finger protein and SAG2, which could activate the expressions of the reporter genes in diploid yeast. Co-immunoprecipitation experiment result indicated the binding between this prey and SAG2 protein was significant (Mann-Whitney U-test: Z = -1.964, P = 0.05).

    CONCLUSIONS: Homo sapiens zinc finger protein was found to interact with SAG2. To improve the understanding of this prey protein's function, advanced investigations need to be carried out.

    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  12. Fulltext Saprophytic yeasts: effective biocontrol agents against Aspergillus flavus
    Afsah-Hejri, L.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(6):3403-3409.
    MyJurnal
    Aflatoxins are carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic fungal toxins predominantly produced by Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and Aspergillus parasiticus (A. parasiticus). Members of the Aspergillus family are wound-invading pathogens that can infect pistachio trees and nuts. The pistachio nut is a favorite tree nut worldwide, and more than half of the world’s pistachio production is from Iran. Pistachio nuts can easily be infected with Aspergillus spp. due to early splitting or due to animal, insect or physical damage. Any established infection of Aspergillus under high relative humidity and temperature results in the production and rapid accumulation of aflatoxins in pistachio nuts. It is impractical to remove aflatoxins from pistachio nuts after they are produced. Some microorganisms (such as saprophytic yeasts) have been reported to have an antagonistic effect against Aspergillus spp. This study aimed to isolate saprophytic yeasts from pistachio fruits and leaves and investigate their biocontrol activities against a toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). Saprophytic yeasts were identified based on their morphological properties and biochemical tests. In total, 24 yeast isolates were obtained from pistachio fruits and leaves, and their antagonistic effect on A. flavus (PTCC 5006) was investigated. Five saprophytic yeast isolates, displaying the highest biocontrol activities against A. flavus (PTCC 5006), were identified as Pseudozyma fusiformata, Cryptococcus albidus, Rhodotorula fragaria, Cryptococcus hungaricus and Rhodotorula hinula. The biocontrol activities of these yeast isolates were evaluated by their inhibitory effects on sporulation, colony expansion, biomass production and prevention of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production. Pseudozyma fusiformata was the most effective yeast isolate in terms of spore reduction (84.6%) and inhibition of AFB1 production (89.1%). Cryptococcus albidus produced the maximum reduction in fungal dry weight (77.9%). Based on these results, isolated saprophytic yeasts from pistachio fruits and leaves can be used as effective biocontrol agents against the growth of Aspergillus and aflatoxin production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  13. Sago starch and its utilisation
    Abd-Aziz S
    J Biosci Bioeng, 2002;94(6):526-9.
    PMID: 16233345
    The importance and development of industrial biotechnology processing has led to the utilisation of microbial enzymes in various applications. One of the important enzymes is amylase, which hydrolyses starch to glucose. In Malaysia, the use of sago starch has been increasing, and it is presently being used for the production of glucose. Sago starch represents an alternative cheap carbon source for fermentation processes that is attractive out of both economic and geographical considerations. Production of fermentable sugars from the hydrolysis of starches is normally carried out by an enzymatic processes that involves two reaction steps, liquefaction and saccharification, each of which has different temperature and pH optima with respect to the maximum reaction rate. This method of starch hydrolysis requires the use of an expensive temperature control system and a complex mixing device. Our laboratory has investigated the possibility of using amylolytic enzyme-producing microorganisms in the continuous single-step biological hydrolysis of sago flour for the production of a generic fermentation medium. The ability of a novel DNA-recombinated yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YKU 107 (expressing alpha-amylase production) to hydrolyse gelatinised sago starch production has been studied with the aim of further utilizing sago starch to obtain value-added products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  14. Responses of different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to osmotic stress
    Noorhisham Tan Kofli, Nagahisa K, Shioya S, Shimizu H
    Sains Malaysiana, 2006;35:9-15.
    During fermentation cells are subjected to various kinds of stress. One of the stresses concerned is high osmotic environment, which cells need to encounter in order to continue growing. To understand how cells adapt to this stress condition, information from genome, proteome and metabolome levels are crucial. In yeast cells, it was report that they produce glycerol to avoid depletion of water in the cell that could lead to cell shrinkage and eventually death. Thus, investigation of physiological responses were executed by shake flask method using three different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains namely s288c, IFO2347 and FY834 which were grown in yeast potato dextrose (YPD) medium under the treatment of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sorbitol at 1M concentration to create the osmotic condition. These agents were added into the medium after 5 hours of fermentation when the cells reached exponential phase and carbon source is still available. The results proved that addition of both NaCl and sorbitol created the osmotic condition during growth resulted in higher accumulation of glycerol and trehalose when compared to the control in all strains. Among these strains, production of glycerol (g glycerol/g cell dry weight) was found highest in IFO2347, followed by s288c and FY834.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  15. Fulltext Research progress in Bioflocculants from bacteria
    Abdullah, A.M., Hamidah, H., Alam, M.Z.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(101):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Although one of the major users of flocculants are water and wastewater treatment industries, flocculants are also used in various food industries. The chemical flocculants are preferred widely in these industries due to low production cost and fast production ability. However, the negative effects of the chemical flocculants should not be neglected to gain the economic benefits only. Therefore, the researchers are working to discover efficient and economical flocculants from biological sources. Several attempts have been made and are still being made to extract or produce bioflocculants from natural sources such as plants, bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, etc. The review revealed that significant amount of work have been done in the past, in search of bioflocculant. However, commercially viable bioflocculants are yet to be marketed widely. With the advent of new biotechnologies and advances in genetic engineering, the researchers are hopeful to discover or develop commercially viable, safe and environmentfriendly bioflocculants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  16. Fulltext Proline Homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: How Does the Stress-Responsive Transcription Factor Msn2 Play a Role?
    Mat Nanyan NSB, Takagi H
    Front Genet, 2020;11:438.
    PMID: 32411186 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00438
    Overexpression of MSN2, which is the transcription factor gene in response to stress, is well-known to increase the tolerance of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to a wide variety of environmental stresses. Recent studies have found that the Msn2 is a feasible potential mediator of proline homeostasis in yeast. This result is based on the finding that overexpression of the MSN2 gene exacerbates the cytotoxicity of yeast to various amino acid analogs whose uptake is increased by the active amino acid permeases localized on the plasma membrane as a result of a dysfunctional deubiquitination process. Increased understanding of the cellular responses induced by the Msn2-mediated proline incorporation will provide better comprehension of how cells respond to and counteract to different kinds of stimuli and will also contribute to the breeding of industrial yeast strains with increased productivity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  17. Fulltext Preliminary screening of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants in malaysia for antimicrobial and antitumor activity
    Radu S, Kqueen CY
    Malays J Med Sci, 2002 Jul;9(2):23-33.
    PMID: 22844221 MyJurnal
    The screening of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi was carried out on isopropanol extracts prepared from 121 isolates of endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants in Malaysia. Sensitivity was found to vary among the microorganisms. Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Alternaria sp. were susceptible to extracts from three, two and two isolates of endophytic fungi, respectively. None were found effective against Salmonella typhimurium. Sixteen endophytic fungal isolates tested were also found to exhibit antitumor activity in the yeast cell-based assay.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  18. Fulltext Predominant supragingival plaque microflora in a Malaysian population
    Fathilah, A.R., Rahim, Z.H.A., Othman, Y.
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2007;28(2):92-96.
    MyJurnal
    The tooth provides a non-shedding surface ideal for microbial and plaque accumulation. Despite being exposed to regular environmental perturbations, the microbial composition and proportions in the plaque often remains in homeostasis and is relatively stable over time. Supragingival plaque sampled from various sites on the tooth surface was pooled and conventionally analyzed for its microbial constituent. Classification of microbial isolates was made based on the characteristics exhibited by the growth colonies, Gram-stained cells, as well as biochemical reactions using the API Identification System kit. Observation was also made of the colony forming units on both non-selective and selective agar culture plates. A variety of bacteria, both of the facultative and anaerobic types, were isolated from the supragingival plaque of the Malaysian population. Among those found to predominate the supragingival plaque include the Gram positive and Gram negative cocci and rods from the genera Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Bacteroides, Veilonella and Lactobacillus. In addition, yeast within the genus Candida was also isolated from the plaque samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  19. Fulltext Pre-grafting histological studies of skin grafts cryopreserved in α helix antarctic yeast oriented antifreeze peptide (Afp1m)
    Khan MS, Ibrahim SM, Adamu AA, Rahman MBA, Bakar MZA, Noordin MM, et al.
    Cryobiology, 2020 02 01;92:26-33.
    PMID: 31580830 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.09.012
    A number of living creatures in the Antarctic region have developed characteristic adaptation of cold weather by producing antifreeze proteins (AFP). Antifreeze peptide (Afp1m) fragment have been designed in the sequence of strings from native proteins. The objectives of this study were to assess the properties of Afp1m to cryopreserve skin graft at the temperature of -10 °C and -20 °C and to assess sub-zero injuries in Afp1m cryopreserved skin graft using light microscopic techniques. In the present study, a process was developed to cryopreserve Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat skin grafts with antifreeze peptide, Afp1m, α-helix peptide fragment derived from Glaciozyma antractica yeast. Its viability assessed by different microscopic techniques. This study also described the damages caused by subzero temperatures (-10 and -20 °C) on tissue cryopreserved in different concentrations of Afp1m (0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 mg/mL) for 72 h. Histological scores of epidermis, dermis and hypodermis of cryopreserved skin grafts showed highly significant difference (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
  20. Fulltext Potential of fermented papaya beverage in the prevention of foodborne illness incidence
    Koh, S.P., Aziz, N., Sharifudin, S.A., Abdullah, R., Hamid, N.S.A., Sarip, J.
    Food Research, 2017;1(4):109-113.
    MyJurnal
    Foodborne illness is recognized as an emerging infectious disease. The incidence of foodborne
    infections is common and the majority cases are undiagnosed or unreported. Apart from some
    diarrhea or minor gastrointestinal problem, some foodborne pathogenic microbes may cause
    death, particularly to those people with weakened immune system. In this study, we have
    developed a new fermented papaya beverage using symbiotic culture of yeast and acetic acid
    bacteria under controlled biofermentation process. An in-vitro assessment of fermented papaya
    beverage against few foodborne pathogenic microorganism was conducted to determine
    its minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC>99). Three types of foodborne pathogen:
    Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 53648, Salmonella
    enterica serovar Enteritidis (isolated from infectious chicken) were selected. From minimum
    bactericidal concentration (MBC>99) assay, both fermented papaya pulp and leaves beverages
    have shown 100% killing rate against three selected foodborne pathogenic microbes. Inversely,
    non-fermented papaya pulp and leaves beverages indicated no inhibition at all. In fact, further
    dilution of fermented papaya pulp and leaves beverages demonstrated different degree of
    MBC>99 and brix value, but the pH value remained less than 3.5. These findings indicated
    the combination of soluble solid compounds presents in both fermented papaya beverage and
    product acidity play an important role in the inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms. The
    preliminary promising results of this work have shown that the great potential of fermented
    papaya beverages as a preventive measure to reduce the incidence of foodborne illness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Yeast, Dried
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