Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 39 in total

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  1. Treatment of skin diseases: recent trends
    Adam BA
    Med J Malaysia, 1973 Mar;27(3):192-4.
    PMID: 4268922
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris/drug therapy
  2. A simple pharmacopoeia for out-station skin clinics
    Pettit JHS
    Trop Doct, 1977 Jul;7(3):107-10.
    PMID: 142324
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris/drug therapy
  3. Fulltext Acne vulgaris in a family practitioner's clinic
    Goh CS
    Med J Malaysia, 1981 Jun;36(2):87-8.
    PMID: 6211594
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris/drug therapy*
  4. Acne vulgaris
    Chew SS
    Family Practitioner, 1982;5:27-30.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris
  5. Fulltext Acne fulminans with dapsone induced haemolysis: a case report
    Ismail R
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Jun;42(2):124-6.
    PMID: 2971861
    Acne is one of the most common disorders affecting mankind. Although acne does not cause death, it however produces a lot of discomfort, disfigurement and psychological trauma, particularly in teenagers. Acne vulgaris is a chronic condition involving the pilosebaceous unit of the skin. It is characterised by the presence of comedones, inflammatory papules, pustules or cysts, and eventually by scarring. The end result of acne varies from hyperpigmentation, slight pitting, to extremely disfiguring scars that may develop into keloids. Acne fulminans is a rare disorder and is characterised by sudden explosive appearance of highly inflammatory, tender, crusted, ulcerated lesions involving the back, chest and face. It is one of the most scarring acute dermatologic disorders of young people. A case of acne fulminans in a young female who developed haemolysis due to dapsone is reported here.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris/drug therapy*
  6. A prospective study of a monophasic oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg ethinyl oestradiol and 150 mcg desogestrel (Marvelon)
    Ismail MT
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1994 Jun;12(1):43-8.
    PMID: 12320338
    PIP: Marvelon, a monophasic oral contraceptive (OC) containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 150 mcg of desogestrel, has been available to Malaysian women through the national family planning program since 1982. To assess the safety, effectiveness, and side effects associated with this OC, 247 women who requested the pill were enrolled in a multicenter prospective study that included follow-up after the first, third, and sixth cycles of use. 81% of participants had never used any form of contraception before Marvelon. 194 women (79%) completed the 6-month study. There were no pregnancies recorded. Although women reported a slightly increased incidence of nausea, breast tenderness, and headache in the first treatment cycle, these side effects had abated by the end of the third cycle. After six cycles, mean body weight had decreased by an average of 0.4 kg. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were unaffected. An unexpected finding was a decrease in the severity of acne with continuous use of Marvelon. Although both spotting and breakthrough bleeding increased slightly in the first two cycles, irregular bleeding returned to pretreatment levels by the third cycle. The length of the withdrawal bleed in the pill-free week was reduced. The incidence of irregular bleeding and other side effects was substantially lower in this sample of Malaysian women than in Asian and Caucasian Marvelon users surveyed in other studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris*
  7. Fulltext Do adolescents attending Bandar Mas primary care clinic consult health professionals for their common health problems?
    Khairani O, Zaiton S, Faridah MN
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jun;60(2):134-9.
    PMID: 16114152
    The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of the common health problems namely acne, overweight, smoking and depressive symptoms among adolescents attending a primary healthcare clinic, whether they seek treatment for these problems and the reasons for not consulting health professionals. It was a clinic-based, crosssectional study. All adolescents aged 13 to 20 years who attended the clinic during the study period were included in the study. The respondents were given self-administered questionnaires and their weights were measured to assess if they had the above disorders. A total of 215 adolescents were included in the study. The proportion of adolescents who had acne were 70.7%, overweight 8.9%, smoking 41.9% and depressive symptoms 9.8%. Only 25% of those who had acne, 47% of those who were overweight, 9.5% who had depressive symptoms and none of those who smoked had ever sought treatment for these problems. The common reasons given for not consulting the health professionals were 'did not consider it as a problem', 'shy' and 'thought there was no treatment available'. The majority of the adolescents who attended the clinic did not consult health professionals the above common health problems. It is important to educate them on these disorders and encourage health-seeking behaviour in adolescents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris
  8. Fulltext Natural features technique for non-contact three dimensional craniofacial anthropometry using stereophotogrammetry
    Majid, Z., Chong, A., Setan, H., Ahmad, A., Rajion, Z.A.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2006;1(1):42-50.
    MyJurnal
    This paper describes the use of stereophotogrammetry approach to measure and hence identify accurately threedimensional (3D) coordinates of important landmarks on a craniofacial surface. A "novel" technique dubbed as "natural features" technique was employed to accurately compute the 3D coordinates of selected craniofacial landmarks. The natural features technique involves the use of 3D coordinates of the natural features (such as acne, scar, corners of eyes, edge of mouth, point of chin, etc.) that appear on the craniofacial surface as an absolute stereophotogrammetric mapping control points. The 3D coordinates of the natural features were gained using digital photogrammetric bundle adjustment method. Validation of the proposed technique has firstly been carried out using mannequin and finally, it was applied on the real-life human faces. The result shows that the craniofacial landmark measurement accuracy of 0.8mm with one standard deviation can be successfully achieved by the proposed technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris
  9. Risk factors for sebaceous gland diseases and their relationship to gastrointestinal dysfunction in Han adolescents
    Zhang H, Liao W, Chao W, Chen Q, Zeng H, Wu C, et al.
    J Dermatol, 2008 Sep;35(9):555-61.
    PMID: 18837699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2008.00523.x
    Sebaceous gland diseases are a group of common dermatological diseases with multiple causes. To date, a systematic report of the risk factors for sebaceous gland diseases in adolescents has not been published. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors for certain sebaceous gland diseases (seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, androgenetic alopecia and rosacea) and their relationship to gastrointestinal dysfunction in adolescents. From August-October, 2002-2005, a questionnaire survey was carried out to obtain epidemiological data about sebaceous gland diseases. Using random cluster sampling, 13 215 Han adolescents aged 12-20 years were recruited from four countries or districts (Macau; Guangzhou, China; Malaysia; and Indonesia). The statistical software SPSS ver. 13.0 was used to analyze the data. The prevalence of seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, androgenetic alopecia and rosacea was 28.27%, 10.17%, 51.03%, 1.65% and 0.97%, respectively. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk factors for sebaceous gland diseases included: age; duration of local residency; halitosis; gastric reflux; abdominal bloating; constipation; sweet food; spicy food; family history of acne; late night sleeping on a daily basis; excessive axillary, body and facial hair; excessive periareolar hair; and anxiety. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms (halitosis; gastric reflux; abdominal bloating; constipation) between patients with and without sebaceous gland diseases (chi(2) = 150.743; P = 0.000). Gastrointestinal dysfunction is an important risk factor for diseases of the sebaceous glands and is correlated with their occurrence and development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris*
  10. Fulltext Prevalence of acne and its impact on the quality of life in school-aged adolescents in Malaysia
    Hanisah A, Omar K, Shah SA
    J Prim Health Care, 2009 Mar;1(1):20-5.
    PMID: 20690482
    AIM: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of facial acne and its impact on the quality of life among adolescents attending secondary schools in Muar, Malaysia.
    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted where 409 samples were selected using stratified cluster random sampling from two secondary schools in Muar, involving Form 1 to Form 5 students. Students were diagnosed clinically and the severity of facial acne was assessed using Global Acne Grading System. A self-reported Cardiff Acne Disability Index was used to assess the quality of life among adolescents who had acne.
    RESULTS: The prevalence of facial acne among the adolescents was 67.5% (n = 276). Facial acne increased with increasing age (p = 0.001). It was more common among males (71.1%) than females (64.6%), p = 0.165. The males also had a higher prevalence of severe acne (p = 0.001). The quality of life was affected by the severity of acne. Students with severe acne had higher levels of Cardiff Acne Disability Index (rho = 0.521).
    CONCLUSION: Facial acne is a common disorder and appears to have a considerable impact on quality of life among adolescents. The above findings should alert health care professionals and the school authorities to actively identify, manage and educate adolescents with facial acne.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris/epidemiology*; Acne Vulgaris/psychology*
  11. Fulltext Oral antibiotics in acne vulgaris: therapeutic response over 5 years
    Adawiyah J, Gill P, Roshidah B
    Malays Fam Physician, 2010;5(3):130-133.
    PMID: 25606204 MyJurnal
    Antibiotic resistant P. acnes have influenced acne therapy worldwide resulting in increased use of topical and systemic retinoids. Judicious use of oral antibiotic is important for effective therapeutic outcome. To determine the response and side effects of oral antibiotic treatment in acne vulgaris. To determine the type of antibiotic used, therapy duration and the types of concomitant topical therapy. Retrospective analysis of the therapeutic response to oral antibiotics therapy in acne vulgaris in the Dermatology Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur. New cases of acne vulgaris from 2005 to 2009 were randomly selected. The clinical notes of 250 patients treated with oral antibiotics were reviewed. About 60% of patients achieved good to excellent response to therapy while satisfactory response was seen in 26%. Only 8% patients experienced minor side effects. Doxycycline was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic, followed by tetracycline and erythromycin ethylsuccinate. The prescribing pattern was consistent over the years. The mean duration of treatment is four to five months. Oral antibiotic was augmented with topical therapy in 98.8% of patients. Good to excellent therapeutic response was achieved in the majority of patients and results observed have remained stable over the last five years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris
  12. Fulltext Acne analysis, grading and computational assessment methods: an overview
    Ramli R, Malik AS, Hani AF, Jamil A
    Skin Res Technol, 2012 Feb;18(1):1-14.
    PMID: 21605170 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00542.x
    INTRODUCTION: This paper presents a comprehensive review of acne grading and measurement. Acne is a chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous units, with excess sebum production, follicular epidermal hyperproliferation, inflammation and Propionibacterium acnes activity. Most patients are affected with acne vulgaris, which is the prevalent type of acne. Acne vulgaris consists of comedones (whitehead and blackhead), papules, pustules, nodules and cysts.
    OBJECTIVES: To review and identify the issues for acne vulgaris grading and computational assessment methods. To determine the future direction for addressing the identified issues.
    METHODS: There are two main methods of assessment for acne severity grading, namely, lesion counting and comparison of patient with a photographic standard. For the computational assessment method, the emphasis is on computational imaging techniques.
    RESULTS: Current acne grading methods are very time consuming and tedious. Generally, they rely on approximation for counting lesions and hence the assessment is quite subjective, with both inter and intra-observer variability. It is important to accurately assess acne grade to evaluate its severity as this influences treatment selection and assessment of response to therapy. This will further help in better disease management and more efficacious treatment.
    CONCLUSION: Semi-automated or automated methods based on computational imaging techniques should be devised for acne grade assessment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris/classification*; Acne Vulgaris/diagnosis*
  13. Fulltext Cardiff acne disability index in Sarawak, Malaysia
    Yap FBB
    Ann Dermatol, 2012 May;24(2):158-61.
    PMID: 22577265 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2012.24.2.158
    BACKGROUND: Acne is considered a cosmetic nuisance in Malaysia since no insurance coverage is provided for its treatment. Its psychological impact is unknown.
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of acne on quality of life and its relationship with severity.
    METHODS: A cross-sectional study using the Cardiff acne disability index (CADI) and Global Acne Grading System for acne severity grading was done in three government-run dermatology clinics in Sarawak, Malaysia.
    RESULTS: The study cohort of 200 patients had a mean CADI score of 5.1. Most of the patients (59.5%) had mild CADI impairment, with the domain of feelings most affected. Patients with a family income <1,000 United States Dollor/month had a higher mean CADI (mean 5.5 vs. 4.4; p=0.04). Females, indigenous groups, and patients with tertiary education tended to have more severe CADI impairment (p>0.05). The correlation between CADI and mild acne severity was low (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.35; p<0.001) but became insignificant for moderate and severe acne.
    CONCLUSION:
    Acne impairment in Sarawak was moderate and must be addressed. It should be viewed as a psychologically disabling disease requiring optimal management and resource allocation.
    KEYWORDS: Acne vulgaris; Disability; Quality of life

    Study site: Dermatology Departments of Sarawak General Hospital
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris*
  14. Fulltext High glycemic load diet, milk and ice cream consumption are related to acne vulgaris in Malaysian young adults: a case control study
    Ismail NH, Manaf ZA, Azizan NZ
    BMC Dermatol., 2012;12:13.
    PMID: 22898209 DOI: 10.1186/1471-5945-12-13
    BACKGROUND: The role of dietary factors in the pathophysiology of acne vulgaris is highly controversial. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary factors and acne vulgaris among Malaysian young adults.
    METHODS: A case-control study was conducted among 44 acne vulgaris patients and 44 controls aged 18 to 30 years from October 2010 to January 2011. Comprehensive acne severity scale (CASS) was used to determine acne severity. A questionnaire comprising items enquiring into the respondent's family history and dietary patterns was distributed. Subjects were asked to record their food intake on two weekdays and one day on a weekend in a three day food diary. Anthropometric measurements including body weight, height and body fat percentage were taken. Acne severity was assessed by a dermatologist.
    RESULTS: Cases had a significantly higher dietary glycemic load (175 ± 35) compared to controls (122 ± 28) (p  0.05).
    CONCLUSIONS: Glycemic load diet and frequencies of milk and ice cream intake were positively associated with acne vulgaris.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris/etiology*; Acne Vulgaris/physiopathology
  15. Acne vulgarism treatment using ultra-short laser pulse generated by micro- and nano-ring resonator system
    Jalil MA, Phelawan J, Aziz MS, Saktioto T, Ong CT, Yupapin PP
    Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 2013 Apr;41(2):92-7.
    PMID: 22991968 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.700519
    Acne vulgaris is adebilitating dermatologic disease, and is conventionally treated by laser therapy using a microring resonator system. An evolving understanding of laser-tissue interactions involving Propioni bacterium acneproducing porphyrins, and the development of lasers to target the sebaceous glands, has led to the development of an escalating number of laser light for acne treatment. The results show that the full width at half maximum of the proposed laser pulse of 0.15 nm can be generated using a microring resonator system. The power of the laser is 200 W and the wavelength laser is 1,032 nm, which is proposed as a treatment of acne vulgaris diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris/radiotherapy*
  16. A systematic review of benzoyl peroxide for acne vulgaris
    Mohd Nor NH, Aziz Z
    J Dermatolog Treat, 2013 Oct;24(5):377-86.
    PMID: 22658322 DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2012.699179
    OBJECTIVE: Comparative trials of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) have yielded contradictory results on its effectiveness for acne vulgaris. The aim of the study was to synthesise the evidence for the effectiveness of BPO-containing topical products for facial acne vulgaris.
    DESIGN: Systematic review.
    METHODS: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and other relevant databases were searched without publication date or language restriction.
    RESULTS: We identified 22 trials involving 2212 participants; 12 trials compared BPO as single agent while the other 10 trials compared BPO in combination products. All trials reported lesion count as the outcome measure but only five trials provided numerical data. However, pooling of data from these trials was inappropriate due to variations between trials in terms of acne severity, comparator used and trial duration. Overall the study quality was fair but most studies had some bias particularly in method of random generation and allocation concealment. Although the results provide some evidence that BPO reduces acne-lesion count, the available evidence is not robust enough for firm conclusions.
    CONCLUSIONS: There is no high quality evidence that topical BPO improves facial acne vulgaris, and further research is needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris/drug therapy*
  17. Fulltext Homemade remedies causing contact dermatitis: case report on two patients with acne
    Leelavathi, M., Mazlin, M.B., Adawiyah, J.
    Medicine & Health, 2013;8(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Natural products are often perceived as safe due to the absence of artificial or chemical materials in its content. However, many are unaware that some of these compounds, albeit natural in existence, can cause harm. Cinnamon and lemon are two commonly used home remedies for acne. Both these naturally existing ingredients are capable of producing dermatitis upon contact with the human skin. The aim of this article is to create awareness among physicians that natural remedies are not free from harm hence, should look out for any possible untoward reactions that these products may cause. Physicians need to explore the possible use of homemade remedies to treat common or minor ailments during history taking as this information may not be given voluntarily. Early identification of the offending agent, adequate management and future avoidance could help prevent further episodes of contact dermatitis and its complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris
  18. Novel techniques for enhancement and segmentation of acne vulgaris lesions
    Malik AS, Humayun J, Kamel N, Yap FB
    Skin Res Technol, 2014 Aug;20(3):322-31.
    PMID: 24329769 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12122
    BACKGROUND: More than 99% acne patients suffer from acne vulgaris. While diagnosing the severity of acne vulgaris lesions, dermatologists have observed inter-rater and intra-rater variability in diagnosis results. This is because during assessment, identifying lesion types and their counting is a tedious job for dermatologists. To make the assessment job objective and easier for dermatologists, an automated system based on image processing methods is proposed in this study.
    OBJECTIVES: There are two main objectives: (i) to develop an algorithm for the enhancement of various acne vulgaris lesions; and (ii) to develop a method for the segmentation of enhanced acne vulgaris lesions.
    METHODS: For the first objective, an algorithm is developed based on the theory of high dynamic range (HDR) images. The proposed algorithm uses local rank transform to generate the HDR images from a single acne image followed by the log transformation. Then, segmentation is performed by clustering the pixels based on Mahalanobis distance of each pixel from spectral models of acne vulgaris lesions.
    RESULTS: Two metrics are used to evaluate the enhancement of acne vulgaris lesions, i.e., contrast improvement factor (CIF) and image contrast normalization (ICN). The proposed algorithm is compared with two other methods. The proposed enhancement algorithm shows better result than both the other methods based on CIF and ICN. In addition, sensitivity and specificity are calculated for the segmentation results. The proposed segmentation method shows higher sensitivity and specificity than other methods.
    CONCLUSION: This article specifically discusses the contrast enhancement and segmentation for automated diagnosis system of acne vulgaris lesions. The results are promising that can be used for further classification of acne vulgaris lesions for final grading of the lesions.
    KEYWORDS: acne grading; acne lesions; acne vulgaris; enhancement; segmentation
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris/pathology*
  19. Quality appraisal of acne clinical practice guidelines, 2008-2013
    Kawala C, Fernando D, Tan JK
    J Cutan Med Surg, 2014 Nov;18(6):385-91.
    PMID: 25348759
    BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris is a common chronic disease, and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can provide credible treatment information.

    METHOD: A literature search for acne CPGs published between January 2008 and September 2013 was conducted. Two reviewers independently applied the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. METHODological quality was evaluated by ranking in AGREE II domains and the highest number of items scoring above the neutral threshold score.

    RESULTS: Four CPGs fulfilled the selection criteria, and the highest ranked were the European and Malaysian. Highest scores achieved by the former were for scope/purpose, stakeholder involvement, and rigor of development and by the latter were for scope/purpose, clarity of presentation, and applicability. Applicability was the lowest scoring of all domains for all CPGs.

    CONCLUSION: European and Malaysian acne CPGs were ranked highest for methodological quality and may serve to inform clinical practice and guideline adaptation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris/therapy*
  20. Acne prevalence, severity and risk factors among medical students in Malaysia
    Muthupalaniappen L, Tan HC, Puah JW, Apipi M, Sohaimi AE, Mahat NF, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2014;165(4):187-92.
    PMID: 25203331 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2014.1731
    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acne is a common skin disorder which can cause physical scaring and impact the quality of life. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, severity and the risk factors for developing acne among medical students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study among UKM medical students from academic year 1 to 5 was conducted from July 2011 to May 2012. A total of 361 students were selected by stratified cluster sampling method. Baseline data of the students, risk factors, height and weight were recorded. Acne severity was graded using the Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale (CASS).
    RESULTS: The prevalence of acne among medical students is 68.1% (n=246). Males and females were almost equally affected (1:1.1). Majority students with acne were graded as almost clear (55.7%, n=137), mild (35.0%, n=86), moderate (7.7%, n=19), and severe (1.6%, n=4). More than half of them had developed acne scars (59.0%, n= 213). Males were found to be at higher risk of developing acne compared to females (p<0.05, OR=4.734; 95%CL=2.726-8.222). They are also at higher risk of developing moderate and severe grades of acne compared to females (p=0.001). The odds for developing acne was higher when mother (p=0.029; OR=1.752; 95%CL=1.058-2.902) or father (p=0.027; OR=1.852; 95%CL=1.072-3.201) had acne. When both parents were affected by acne the odds of developing acne was 3 times. (p=0.025; OR=3.056; 95%CL=1.153-8.094).
    CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the prevalence of acne among medical students is high. Hence, it is important to identify those at risk and provide optimal treatment to prevent scarring and possible low self esteem among these future doctors.
    KEYWORDS: acne vulgaris; medical; prevalence; risk factors; severity; students
    Matched MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris*
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