Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 62 in total

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  1. Ahmad NA, Yook Heng L, Salam F, Mat Zaid MH, Abu Hanifah S
    Sensors (Basel), 2019 Nov 05;19(21).
    PMID: 31694284 DOI: 10.3390/s19214813
    A developed colorimetric pH sensor film based on edible materials for real-time monitoring of food freshness is described. The mixed natural dyes from edible plants Clitoria sp and Brassica sp were extracted and incorporated into ι-carrageenan film as a colorimetric pH sensor film for monitoring food spoilage and its freshness. The color changes of the developed colorimetric sensor film were measured with chromametry and UV-vis spectroscopy, respectively. Experimental results show that colorimetric pH sensor film demonstrated statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between CIE-L*a*b* coordinates color system indicated that the developed colorimetric sensor film was able to give a gradual change in color over a wide pH range. The color of the colorimetric sensor film also changes discretely and linearly with factors that contribute to food spoilage using shrimp and durian samples. Moreover, the developed colorimetric pH sensor film has the potential to be used as a safe, non-destructive testing and also a flexibly visual method for direct assessment of food freshness indicator during storage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins/analysis
  2. Aishah, B., Nursabrina, M., Noriham, A., Norizzah, A.R., Mohamad Shahrimi, H.
    MyJurnal
    There are many factors influencing the stability and color variation of natural colorant anthocyanin and pH is among the most significant factor. This study aims to determine the stability of the anthocyanins in freeze-dried Hibiscus sabdariffa, Melastoma malabathricum and Ipomoea batatas in various acidic pH (pH 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5). Total monomeric anthocyanin, degradation index, color density and percent polymeric color were analyzed to determine anthocyanins degradation and their color variations. Among the samples, H.sabdariffa contain the highest monomeric anthocyanins (163.3 mg/L) followed by M. malabathricum (49.9 mg/L) and the lowest is I.batatas (13.8 mg/L). Monomeric anthocyanins from I.batatas were found to be very stable and not affected by changes in pH than in H. sabdariffa and M. malabathricum. However, degradation index (DI) of H. sabdariffa was the lowest with value of 0.365 ± 0.049 at pH 3.5. The lowest percentage of polymeric color (4.94 ± 0.64) was also shown by H. sabdariffa at pH 2.5 and maintained a deep red color with increasing pH indicating higher color stability compared to M. malabathricum and I. batatas. Overall, natural pigment in H. sabdariffa was found to be the most stable in both monomeric anthocyanin content and chromaticity properties. These results provided information that will further proven the potential usage of H. sabdariffa, M. malabathricum and I. batatas as natural coloring agents to replace the synthetic colorant in food and beverage industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins
  3. Al-Alwani MAM, Ludin NA, Mohamad AB, Kadhum AAH, Mukhlus A
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2018 Mar 05;192:487-498.
    PMID: 29133132 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.11.018
    The natural dyes anthocyanin and chlorophyll were extracted from Musa acuminata bracts and Alternanthera dentata leaves, respectively. The dyes were then applied as sensitizers in TiO2-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The ethanol extracts of the dyes had maximum absorbance. High dye yields were obtained under extraction temperatures of 70 to 80°C, and the optimal extraction temperature was approximately 80°C. Moreover, dye concentration sharply decreased under extraction temperatures that exceeded 80°C. High dye concentrations were obtained using acidic extraction solutions, particularly those with a pH value of 4. The DSSC fabricated with anthocyanin from M. acuminata bracts had a conversion efficiency of 0.31%, short-circuit current (Isc) of 0.9mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.58V, and fill factor (FF) of 62.22%. The DSSC sensitized with chlorophyll from A. dentata leaves had a conversion efficiency of 0.13%, Isc of 0.4mA/cm-2,Voc of 0.54V, and FF of 67.5%. The DSSC sensitized with anthocyanin from M. acuminata bracts had a maximum incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency of 42%, which was higher than that of the DSSC sensitized with chlorophyll from A. dentata leaves (23%). Anthocyanin from M. acuminata bracts exhibited the best photosensitization effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins/chemistry
  4. Ali Hassan SH, Fry JR, Abu Bakar MF
    Biomed Res Int, 2013;2013:138950.
    PMID: 24288662 DOI: 10.1155/2013/138950
    Garcinia parvifolia belongs to the same family as mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), which is known locally in Sabah as "asam kandis" or cherry mangosteen. The present study was conducted to determine the phytochemicals content (total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid content) and antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity of the flesh and peel of G. parvifolia. All samples were freeze-dried and extracted using 80% methanol and distilled water. For the 80% methanol extract, the flesh of G. parvifolia displayed higher phenolic and flavonoid contents than the peel, with values of 7.2 ± 0.3 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 5.9 ± 0.1 mg rutin equivalent (RU)/g, respectively. Anthocyanins were detected in the peel part of G. parvifolia but absent in the flesh. The peel of G. parvifolia displayed higher total carotenoid content as compared to the flesh part with the values of 17.0 ± 0.3 and 3.0 ± 0.0 mg β-carotene equivalents (BC)/100 g, respectively. The free-radical scavenging, ferric reducing, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition effect of the flesh were higher as compared to the peel in both extracts. These findings suggested that the edible part of G. parvifolia fruit has a potential as a natural source of antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer's agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins/analysis
  5. Anuar N, Mohd Adnan AF, Saat N, Aziz N, Mat Taha R
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:810547.
    PMID: 24174918 DOI: 10.1155/2013/810547
    Anthocyanins not just have various benefits in food industry but also have been used as natural colourants in cosmetic, coating products and as potential natural photosensitizers in solar cell. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to obtain information on the maximum yield of anthocyanin that can be recovered from Melastoma malabathricum fruit. Factors such as extraction temperature, extraction time, and solid to liquid ratio were identified to be significantly affecting anthocyanin extraction efficiency. By using three-level three-factor Box-Behnken design, the optimized conditions for anthocyanin extraction by acidified methanol (R (2) = 0.972) were temperature of 60°C, time of 86.82 min, and 0.5 : 35 (g/mL) solid to liquid ratio while the optimum extraction conditions by acidified ethanol (R (2) = 0.954) were temperature of 60°C, time of 120 min, and 0.5 : 23.06 (g/mL) solid to liquid ratio. The crude anthocyanin extract was further purified by using Amberlite XAD-7 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Identification of anthocyanins revealed the presence of cyanidin dihexoside, cyanidin hexoside, and delphinidin hexoside as the main anthocyanins in M. malabathricum fruit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins/isolation & purification*; Anthocyanins/chemistry
  6. Azman EM, Charalampopoulos D, Chatzifragkou A
    J Food Sci, 2020 Nov;85(11):3745-3755.
    PMID: 32990367 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15466
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different solvent and extraction temperatures on the free and bound phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of dried blackcurrant skins (DBS). Apart from acetic acid buffer solution, different solvent systems, including water, methanol, and mixtures of methanol/water, were also employed and the effects of solvent and temperature (30 and 50 °C) on the free and bound forms of anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonols yield were assessed. The results showed that among all solvents, acetic acid buffer resulted in the highest free anthocyanin content (1,712.3 ± 56.1 mg/100 g) (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins
  7. Bhat R, Stamminger R
    Food Sci Technol Int, 2015 Jul;21(5):354-63.
    PMID: 24867944 DOI: 10.1177/1082013214536708
    Freshly prepared, hand-pressed strawberry fruit juice was exposed to ultraviolet radiation (254 nm) at room temperature (25 ℃ ± 1 ℃) for 15, 30 and 60 min with 0 min serving as control. Results revealed decrease in pH, total soluble solids and titratable acidity, while colour parameters (L*, a* and b* values) and clarity of juice (% transmittance) increased significantly. All the results corresponded to exposure time to ultraviolet radiation. Bioactive compounds (total phenolics, ascorbic acid and anthocyanins) decreased along with a recorded reduction in polyphenol oxidase enzyme and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activities, which were again dependent on exposure time. Results on the microbial studies showed significant reduction by 2-log cycles in aerobic plate count as well as in total yeast and mould counts. Though negative results were observed for certain parameters, this is the first time it was endeavoured to demonstrate the impact of ultraviolet radiation radiation on freshly prepared, hand-pressed strawberries juice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins/chemistry
  8. Chan LK, Koay SS, Boey PL, Bhatt A
    Biol Res, 2010;43(1):127-35.
    PMID: 21157639 DOI: /S0716-97602010000100014
    Plant cell cultures could be used as an important tool for biochemical production, ranging from natural coloring (pigments) to pharmaceutical products. Anthocyanins are becoming a very important alternative to synthetic dyes because of increased public concern over the safety of artificial food coloring agents. Several factors are responsible for the production of anthocyanin in cell cultures. In the present study, we investigate the effects of different environmental factors, such as light intensity, irradiance (continuous irradiance or continuous darkness), temperature and medium pH on cell biomass yield and anthocyanin production in cultures of Melastoma malabathricum. Moderate light intensity (301 - 600 lux) induced higher accumulation of anthocyanins in the cells. The cultures exposed to 10-d continuous darkness showed the lowest pigment content, while the cultures exposed to 10-d continuous irradiance showed the highest pigment content. The cell cultures incubated at a lower temperature range (20 ± 2 ºC) grew better and had higher pigment content than those grown at 26 ± 2 ºC and 29 ± 2 ºC. Different medium pH did not affect the yield of cell biomass but anthocyanin accumulation was highest at pH 5.25 - 6.25.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins/biosynthesis*
  9. Chang SK, Alasalvar C, Shahidi F
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2019;59(10):1580-1604.
    PMID: 29360387 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1422111
    The term "superfruit" has gained increasing usage and attention recently with the marketing strategy to promote the extraordinary health benefits of some exotic fruits, which may not have worldwide popularity. This has led to many studies with the identification and quantification of various groups of phytochemicals. This contribution discusses phytochemical compositions, antioxidant efficacies, and potential health benefits of the main superfruits such as açai, acerola, camu-camu, goji berry, jaboticaba, jambolão, maqui, noni, and pitanga. Novel product formulations, safety aspects, and future perspectives of these superfruits have also been covered. Research findings from the existing literature published within the last 10 years have been compiled and summarized. These superfruits having numerous phytochemicals (phenolic acids, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, iridoids, coumarins, hydrolysable tannins, carotenoids, and anthocyanins) together with their corresponding antioxidant activities, have increasingly been utilized. Hence, these superfruits can be considered as a valuable source of functional foods due to the phytochemical compositions and their corresponding antioxidant activities. The phytochemicals from superfruits are bioaccessible and bioavailable in humans with promising health benefits. More well-designed human explorative studies are needed to validate the health benefits of these superfruits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins/analysis
  10. Che Omar SN, Ong Abdullah J, Khairoji KA, Chin Chin S, Hamid M
    PMID: 23662136 DOI: 10.1155/2013/459089
    Melastoma malabathricum Linn. is a shrub that comes with beautiful pink or purple flowers and has berries-like fruits rich in anthocyanins. This study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the inhibitory activities of different concentrations of the M. malabathricum Linn. flower and fruit crude extracts against Listeria monocytogenes IMR L55, Staphylococcus aureus IMR S244, Escherichia coli IMR E30, and Salmonella typhimurium IMR S100 using the disc diffusion method. The lowest concentrations of the extracts producing inhibition zones against the test microorganisms were used to determine their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). In addition, the growth of Listeria monocytogenes IMR L55 and Staphylococcus aureus IMR S244 grown in medium supplemented with the respective extracts at different temperatures (4°C, 25°C, and 37°C) and pHs (4, 6, 7, and 8) was determined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins
  11. Chen C, Mohamad Razali UH, Saikim FH, Mahyudin A, Mohd Noor NQI
    Foods, 2021 Mar 23;10(3).
    PMID: 33807100 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030689
    Morus alba L. (M. alba) is a highly adaptable plant that is extensively incorporated in many traditional and Ayurveda medications. Various parts of the plant, such as leaves, fruits, and seeds, possess nutritional and medicinal value. M. alba has abundant phytochemicals, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, flavonols, anthocyanins, macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and volatile aromatic compounds, indicating its excellent pharmacological abilities. M. alba also contains high nutraceutical values for protein, carbohydrates, fiber, organic acids, vitamins, and minerals, as well as a low lipid value. However, despite its excellent biological properties and nutritional value, M. alba has not been fully considered as a potential functional food ingredient. Therefore, this review reports on the nutrients and bioactive compounds available in M. alba leaves, fruit, and seeds; its nutraceutical properties, functional properties as an ingredient in foodstuffs, and a microencapsulation technique to enhance polyphenol stability. Finally, as scaling up to a bigger production plant is needed to accommodate industrial demand, the study and limitation on an M. alba upscaling process is reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins
  12. Chew LY, Teng SK, Neo YP, Sim YY, Chew SC
    J Oleo Sci, 2024;73(3):275-292.
    PMID: 38432993 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23111
    Roselle is an annual botanical plant that widely planted in different countries worldwide. Its different parts, including seeds, leaves, and calyces, can offer multi-purpose applications with economic importance. The present review discusses the detailed profile of bioactive compounds present in roselle seeds, leaves, and calyces, as well as their extraction and processing, to explore their potential application in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, nutraceutical, food and other industries. Roselle seeds with high phenolics, fiber, and protein contents, which are suitable to use in functional food product development. Besides, roselle seeds can yield 17-20% of roselle seed oil with high content of linoleic acid (35.0-45.3%) and oleic acid (27.1- 36.9%). This unique fatty acid composition of roselle seed oil makes it suitable to use as edible oil to offer the health benefits of essential fatty acid. Moreover, high contents of tocopherols, phenolics, and phytosterols were detected in roselle seed oil to provide nutritional, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic properties. On the other hand, roselle leaves with valuable contents of phenols, flavonoids, organic acid, and tocopherols can be applied in silver nanoparticles, food product development, and the pharmaceutical industry. Roselle calyces with high content of anthocyanins, protocatechuic acids, and organic acids are widely applied in food and colorant industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins
  13. Chong FC, Gwee XF
    Nat Prod Res, 2015;29(15):1485-7.
    PMID: 25836369 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1027892
    The ultrasonic extraction (UE) method of anthocyanin from Clitoria ternatea flowers using response surface methodology (RSM) was performed in this study. By using RSM, the objective is to optimise the extraction yield of anthocyanin from C. ternatea which is influenced by various factors, including the extraction temperature, time, ratio of solvent to solid and ultrasonic power. The empirical model was investigated by performing first-level optimisation in a two-level factorial design with Design Expert 7 software. In comparison with the conventional solvent extraction, UE showed a 246.48% better extraction yield and produced an anthocyanin extract with a radical scavenging activity of 68.48% at the optimised factors of 50°C, 150 min, 15 mL/g and 240 W.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins/isolation & purification*
  14. Choy KW, Murugan D, Leong XF, Abas R, Alias A, Mustafa MR
    Front Pharmacol, 2019;10:1295.
    PMID: 31749703 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01295
    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as angina, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and heart failure are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the major transcription factors widely associated with CVDs is nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB). NFκB activation initiates the canonical and non-conical pathways that promotes activation of transcription factors leading to inflammation, such as leukocyte adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenolic compounds found abundantly in various fruits, vegetables, beverages (tea, coffee), nuts, and cereal products with cardiovascular protective properties. Flavonoids can be classified into six subgroups based on their chemical structures: flavanones, flavones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, isoflavones, and anthocyanidins. As NFκB inhibitors, these flavonoids may modulate the expression of pro-inflammatory genes leading to the attenuation of the inflammatory responses underlying various cardiovascular pathology. This review presents an update on the anti-inflammatory actions of flavonoids via inhibition of NFκB mechanism supporting the therapeutic potential of these natural compounds in various CVDs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins
  15. Gannasin SP, Adzahan NM, Hamzah MY, Mustafa S, Muhammad K
    Food Chem, 2015 Sep 1;182:292-301.
    PMID: 25842340 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.010
    Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) is an underutilised fruit in Malaysia. The fruit, however, contains good proportions of soluble fibre, protein, starch, anthocyanins and carotenoids. Amongst the fruits, only tamarillo mesocarp contains both polar (anthocyanins) and non-polar (carotenoids) pigments. The ability to retain both polar and non-polar pigments in the mesocarp could be related to the unique properties of its hydrocolloids. To understand the pigment-hydrocolloid interaction in the fruit, information on the physicochemical characteristics of the hydrocolloids is required. Therefore, hydrocolloids from the anthocyanin-rich seed mucilage fraction of the tamarillo and its carotenoid-rich pulp fraction were extracted and characterised. Water and 1% citric acid were used to extract the seed mucilage hydrocolloid while 72% ethanol and 20mM HEPES buffer were used for pulp hydrocolloid extraction. Seed mucilage hydrocolloid was primarily composed of arabinogalactan protein-associated pectin whereas pulp hydrocolloid was composed of hemicellulosic polysaccharides with some naturally interacting proteins and neutral polysaccharides.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins/analysis
  16. Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZ, Karimi E, Ibrahim MH
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2012 Nov 23;12:229.
    PMID: 23176249 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-229
    BACKGROUND: The increase in atmospheric CO(2) concentration caused by climate change and agricultural practices is likely to affect biota by producing changes in plant growth, allocation and chemical composition. This study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of the application of salicylic acid (SA, at two levels: 0 and 10-3 M) and CO(2) enrichment (at two levels: 400 and 800 μmol·mol-1) on the production and antioxidant activities of anthocyanin, flavonoids and isoflavonoids from two Malaysian ginger varieties, namely Halia Bentong and Halia Bara.

    METHODS: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detection and mass spectrometry was employed to identify and quantify the flavonoids and anthocyanins in the ginger extracts. The antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts was determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assays. The substrate specificity of chalcone synthase, the key enzyme for flavonoid biosynthesis, was investigated using the chalcone synthase (CHS) assay.

    RESULTS: CO(2) levels of 800 μmol·mol-1 significantly increased anthocyanin, rutin, naringenin, myricetin, apigenin, fisetin and morin contents in ginger leaves. Meanwhile, the combined effect of SA and CO(2) enrichment enhanced anthocyanin and flavonoid production compared with single treatment effects. High anthocyanin content was observed in H Bara leaves treated with elevated CO(2) and SA. The highest chalcone synthase (CHS) activity was observed in plants treated with SA and CO(2) enrichment. Plants not treated with SA and kept under ambient CO(2) conditions showed the lowest CHS activity. The highest free radical scavenging activity corresponded to H Bara treated with SA under high CO(2) conditions, while the lowest activity corresponded to H Bentong without SA treatment and under atmospheric CO(2) levels. As the level of CO(2) increased, the DPPH activity increased. Higher TBA activity was also recorded in the extracts of H Bara treated with SA and grown under high CO(2) conditions.

    CONCLUSIONS: The biological activities of both ginger varieties were enhanced when the plants were treated with SA and grown under elevated CO(2) concentration. The increase in the production of anthocyanin and flavonoids in plants treated with SA could be attributed to the increase in CHS activity under high CO(2) levels.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins/analysis*; Anthocyanins/metabolism
  17. Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZ, Karimi E
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012 Nov 13;13(11):14828-44.
    PMID: 23203096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114828
    The effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) at different concentrations (10-3 M and 10-5 M) was investigated on the production of secondary metabolites (flavonoids), chalcone synthase (CHS) activity, antioxidant activity and anticancer activity (against breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) in two varieties of Malaysian ginger, namely Halia Bentong and Halia Bara. The results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that application of SA induced the synthesis of anthocyanin and fisetin in both varieties. Anthocyanin and fisetin were not detected in the control plants. Accordingly, the concentrations of some flavonoids (rutin and apigenin) decreased significantly in plants treated with different concentrations of SA. The present study showed that SA enhanced the chalcone synthase (CHS) enzyme activity (involving flavonoid synthesis) and recorded the highest activity value of 5.77 nkat /mg protein in Halia Bara with the 10-5 M SA treatment. As the SA concentration was decreased from 10-3 M to 10-5 M, the free radical scavenging power (FRAP) increased about 23% in Halia Bentong and 10.6% in Halia Bara. At a concentration of 350 μg mL-1, the DPPH antioxidant activity recorded the highest value of 58.30%-72.90% with the 10-5 M SA treatment followed by the 10-3 M SA (52.14%-63.66%) treatment. The lowest value was recorded in the untreated control plants (42.5%-46.7%). These results indicate that SA can act not only as an inducer but also as an inhibitor of secondary metabolites. Meanwhile, the highest anticancer activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines was observed for H. Bara extracts treated with 10-5 M SA with values of 61.53 and 59.88%, respectively. The results suggest that the high anticancer activity in these varieties may be related to the high concentration of potent anticancer components including fisetin and anthocyanin. The results thus indicate that the synthesis of flavonoids in ginger can be increased by foliar application of SA in a controlled environment and that the anticancer activity in young ginger extracts could be improved.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins/biosynthesis*; Anthocyanins/chemistry
  18. H-E. Khoo, Azlan A, Ismail A, Abas F
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:949-954.
    This study aimed to determine the total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of defatted dabai parts based on liquid extraction and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A two-level factorial design was applied to determine the effect of two independent variables (extraction time: X1 and % methanol: X2) on three response variables (total phenolic content: Y1, total flavonoid/anthocyanin content: Y2 and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity: Y3). The optimum conditions for extraction time and percent methanol were 36 min or 1 min and 62.25% or 53% for the defatted dabai pulp or peel, respectively. The RSM optimized extraction was compared with sonication-assisted extraction. Optimization results showed that defatted dabai parts had high total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Sonication-assisted extraction utilized the optimized extraction conditions had further increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of defatted dabai peel, but not in the pulp. Therefore, optimization of different extraction methods for the defatted fruit parts is recommended for future studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins
  19. Hock, Eng Khoo, Azrina Azlan, Amin Ismail, Al-Sheraji, Sadek Hassan
    MyJurnal
    Defatted dabai peel contains a high amount of anthocyanin. Anthocyanins are known to prevent several
    types of disease, including cardiovascular-related complications. This study aimed to describe the
    effects of different doses of defatted dabai peel extract by histopathological analyses on lesions in the
    liver, kidney, heart and aorta. Histopathology methods were applied to determine the protective effects
    of defatted dabai peel extracts against hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative damages to animal
    organs. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was applied for histopathology examination for liver, kidney,
    heart and aorta. Data showed that a high dose of defatted dabai extract (3000 mg per day) applied to
    hypercholesterolemic rabbits for eight weeks had mild protective effect, especially reducing the severity
    of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis of the renal medulla. The high dose of extract supplementation also
    reduced inflammation of aorta and formation of atherosclerosis plaque in the cell wall of right ventricle
    of the heart. The high dose of defatted dabai peel extract could be a protective agent against oxidative
    stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins
  20. Ibrahim MH, Jaafar HZ
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(5):5290-306.
    PMID: 22754297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13055290
    A randomized complete block design experiment was designed to characterize the relationship between production of total flavonoids and phenolics, anthocyanin, photosynthesis, maximum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), electron transfer rate (Fm/Fo), phenyl alanine lyase activity (PAL) and antioxidant (DPPH) in Labisia pumila var. alata, under four levels of irradiance (225, 500, 625 and 900 μmol/m(2)/s) for 16 weeks. As irradiance levels increased from 225 to 900 μmol/m(2)/s, the production of plant secondary metabolites (total flavonoids, phenolics and antocyanin) was found to decrease steadily. Production of total flavonoids and phenolics reached their peaks under 225 followed by 500, 625 and 900 μmol/m(2)/s irradiances. Significant positive correlation of production of total phenolics, flavonoids and antocyanin content with Fv/Fm, Fm/Fo and photosynthesis indicated up-regulation of carbon-based secondary metabolites (CBSM) under reduced photoinhibition on the under low light levels condition. At the lowest irradiance levels, Labisia pumila extracts also exhibited a significantly higher antioxidant activity (DPPH) than under high irradiance. The improved antioxidative activity under low light levels might be due to high availability of total flavonoids, phenolics and anthocyanin content in the plant extract. It was also found that an increase in the production of CBSM was due to high PAL activity under low light, probably signifying more availability of phenylalanine (Phe) under this condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anthocyanins/metabolism; Anthocyanins/chemistry
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