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  1. van Eekelen A, Stokvis-Brantsma H, Frölich M, Smelt AH, Stokvis H
    Diabetes Care, 2000 Sep;23(9):1435-6.
    PMID: 10977050
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism
  2. ldanerina, M.S., Aniza, I., Jamsiah, M., Mohd. Hasni, J., Idayu, B.
    MyJurnal
    Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine defect among children. Good diabetes management is important to give better health for both the children and the whole family. The goal of this study was to identify the level of mother involvement in children type·1 Diabetes Mellitus management, to identify factors related with mother involvement and to determine the relationships between mother
    involvement and glycemic control. A cross·sectional study was carried out with 92 respondents selected by universal sampling from mothers who had diabetic children aged 5-15 years old and from medical visit appointment at University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) and Putrajaya Hospital (HP1). Data was obtained through medical record and self reporting questionnaire. The study shown that 58.6% mothers had high involvement and 41.4% mothers had low involvement. Mothers' education level had a significant (p=0.0Z) relationship with a level of mother involvement. Most mothers gave high involvement in diet management (64.1%) and blood glucose monitoring (52. 7%), however most mothers gave low involvement in exercise management (63.0%) and insulin injection (60.9%). Mothers involvement in four management tasks were not statistically significant (p>0,05) with glycemic control. Mothers involvement in children diabetic management was high. There was high mother involvement in children's insulin injection and dietary intake and low mother involvement in children`s blood glucose monitoring and exercise, This study abo showed that there was no significant relationship between level of mother involvement and glycemic control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  3. Zulkifli KK, Mohamed Shah FZ, Ismail AI, Abdul Rahman TH, Ghani RA
    Chron Respir Dis, 2021;18:14799731211056348.
    PMID: 34797178 DOI: 10.1177/14799731211056348
    OBJECTIVES: Dysglycemia is known to be a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, undiagnosed dysglycemia and the associated factors remain under-reported. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the associated factors of dysglycemia among COPD patients.

    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, single-center study involving adults with established COPD (n = 186) divided into those with or without hospital admissions for acute exacerbation. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in patients with no known history of dysglycemia.

    RESULTS: There were 16 patients who had overt diabetes, and 32 had prediabetes following the OGTT. Forty percent had histories of hospital admissions for COPD exacerbations. Both groups demonstrated similar 2-h post prandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose. The incidences of newly diagnosed dysglycemia were higher in both groups (40.8% vs 34.6%, p = 0.57). Cumulative days of admission (≥6 days/year) and weight (≥65 kg) were identified as predictors for dysglycemia within the study population.

    DISCUSSION: This study demonstrated a high number of overt and newly diagnosed dysglycemia among COPD patients who had no previous history of abnormal glucose. Recent acute exacerbations of COPD could have a negative impact on glycemia, although the results did not attain statistical significance. However, there is a need for adequate screening for dysglycemia, particularly among those with frequent acute exacerbations of their condition.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  4. Zulkifli I, Che Norma MT, Israf DA, Omar AR
    Poult Sci, 2000 Oct;79(10):1401-7.
    PMID: 11055844
    This study was conducted to determine whether early age feed restriction improves heat tolerance in female broiler chickens. Chicks were brooded for 3 wk and then maintained at 24+/-1 C. On Day 0, chicks were assigned to one of four feeding regimens; each regimen was applied to four cages of chicks. The feeding regimens were 1) ad libitum feeding (ALF); 2) 40% feed restriction at 4, 5, and 6 d of age (F40); 3) 60% feed restriction at 4, 5, and 6 d of age (F60); and (4) 80% feed restriction at 4, 5, and 6 d of age (F80). From 35 to 41 d of age, all birds were exposed to 38+/-1 C for 2 h/d. Serum concentrations of glucose were elevated by the heat challenge, but were not affected by the feeding regimen. The heat treatment resulted in hypocholesteremia among ALF and F80 chicks, whereas the concentrations increased and remained constant in the F60 and F40 birds, respectively. Subjecting chicks to F60 improved growth and survivability and reduced heterophil to lymphocyte ratios (H/L) in response to the heat treatment as compared with the ALF and F80 regimens. The survivability rate and H/L of F40 chicks were similar to those attained by chicks on other regimens. Newcastle disease antibody titer of ALF birds declined with duration of heat treatment. It is concluded that the F60 regimen is beneficial for alleviating, at least in part, the detrimental effects of heat stress in female broiler chickens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism
  5. Zulkawi N, Ng KH, Zamberi NR, Yeap SK, Satharasinghe DA, Tan SW, et al.
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2018;12:1373-1383.
    PMID: 29872261 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S157803
    Background: Fermented food has been widely consumed as health food to ameliorate or prevent several chronic diseases including diabetes. Xeniji™, a fermented food paste (FFP), has been previously reported with various bioactivities, which may be caused by the presence of several metabolites including polyphenolic acids, flavonoids, and vitamins. In this study, the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory effects of FFP were assessed.

    Methods: In this study, type 2 diabetes model mice were induced by streptozotocin and high-fat diet (HFD) and used to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory effects of FFP. Mice were fed with HFD and challenged with 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) of streptozotocin for 1 month followed by 6 weeks of supplementation with 0.1 and 1.0 g/kg BW of FFP. Metformin was used as positive control treatment.

    Results: Xeniji™-supplemented hyperglycemic mice were recorded with lower glucose level after 6 weeks of duration. This effect was contributed by the improvement of insulin sensitivity in the hyperglycemic mice indicated by the oral glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, and end point insulin level. In addition, gene expression study has shown that the antihyperglycemic effect of FFP is related to the improvement of lipid and glucose metabolism in the mice. Furthermore, both 0.1 and 1 g/kg BW of FFP was able to reduce hyperglycemia-related inflammation indicated by the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines, NF-kB and iNOS gene expression and nitric oxide level.

    Conclusion: FFP potentially demonstrated in vivo antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory effects on HFD and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/drug effects
  6. Zolkeflee NKZ, Wong PL, Maulidiani M, Ramli NS, Azlan A, Abas F
    Planta Med, 2023 Aug;89(9):916-934.
    PMID: 36914160 DOI: 10.1055/a-2053-0950
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic endocrine disorder caused by decreased insulin concentration or poor insulin response. Muntingia calabura (MC) has been used traditionally to reduce blood glucose levels. This study aims to support the traditional claim of MC as a functional food and blood-glucose-lowering regimen. The antidiabetic potential of MC is tested on a streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA)-induced diabetic rat model by using the 1H-NMR-based metabolomic approach. Serum biochemical analyses reveal that treatment with 250 mg/kg body weight (bw) standardized freeze-dried (FD) 50% ethanolic MC extract (MCE 250) shows favorable serum creatinine (37.77 ± 3.53 µM), urea (5.98 ± 0.84 mM) and glucose (7.36 ± 0.57 mM) lowering capacity, which was comparable to the standard drug, metformin. The clear separation between diabetic control (DC) and normal group in principal component analysis indicates the successful induction of diabetes in the STZ-NA-induced type 2 diabetic rat model. A total of nine biomarkers, including allantoin, glucose, methylnicotinamide, lactate, hippurate, creatine, dimethylamine, citrate and pyruvate are identified in rats' urinary profile, discriminating DC and normal groups through orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. Induction of diabetes by STZ-NA is due to alteration in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, gluconeogenesis pathway, pyruvate metabolism and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Oral treatment with MCE 250 in STZ-NA-induced diabetic rats shows improvement in the altered carbohydrate metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolic pathway, as well as purine and homocysteine metabolism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/analysis
  7. Zhuravlova M, Ryndina N, Kravchun P
    PMID: 30829588
    According to literature, the presence of concomitant diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM) is associated with a high frequency of complications in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) due to the development of repeated episodes of myocardial ischemia, left ventricular dysfunction, life threatening rhythm disorders, and thromboembolic events Aim: to analyze the state of immuno-inflammation based on the study of calprotectin, as well as to assess the presence and nature of links with carbohydrate metabolism parameters based on the study of blood glucose, insulin and insulin resistance. Patients with AMI in combination with DM 2 were found to have a significant increase in the level of calprotectin by 25.9% (p<0.001) compared to patients with AMI without DM 2. Assessment of carbohydrate metabolism rates revealed changes in the form of statistically significant increase in the concentration of fasting glucose in patients with AMI in combination with DM 2 by 41.8% (p<0.001) when compared to patients with isolated AMI. As for serum insulin, the level of this parameter when combined with the course of AMI and DM 2 significantly exceeded those in patients with AMI without DM 2. The level of HOMA index in patients with AMI with concomitant DM 2 when compared to patients with isolated AMI was also higher (differences are statistically significant, p<0.01). The study showed a correlation between serum calprotectin and insulinemia (R=0.57; p<0.05), HOMA index (R=0.52; p<0.05), fasting glycemia (R=0.59; p<0.05) and troponin I level (R=0,64; p<0,05). The obtained results indicate that the growth of immune inflammatory activity due to the proinflammatory parameter of calprotectin is accompanied by an increase in changes in carbohydrate homeostasis in the form of an increase in the degree of insulin resistance in patients with AMI and DM 2, and severity of cardiac ischemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  8. Zhi, Yee Lee, Chuan, Joshua Yung Foo, Mei, Qian Lim, Zheng, Xian Koh, Hui, Wendy Yi Wong, Kock, Tony Wai Ng
    MyJurnal
    A recently published meta-analysis showed that each additional serving of rice increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) by an alarming 11%. We investigated whether this phenomenon is seen in the Malaysian population by studying the effect of rice intake and added sugar consumption on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting triacylglycerol (TAG).
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  9. Zheng-Yii Lee, Ibrahim Noor Airini, Osama Hamdy, Mohd-Yusof Barakatun-Nisak
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: This study aimed to compare the nutritional characteristics and clinical outcomes among critically ill patients with diabetes (DM) and without diabetes (WDM). Methods: Mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients who were admitted into the intensive care unit (ICU) within 48 hours and remained in ICU 72 hours were prospec- tively recruited and followed for up to 12 days. They were stratified to DM or WDM, depending on their diabetes status at ICU admission and comparison were made for nutritional characteristics and clinical outcomes including 60-day mortality. Results: A total of 154 patients were included with 73 (47.4%) DM patients. In comparison to WDM, patients with DM were older, more severely ill, had higher nutritional risk and body mass index, presented with a higher blood glucose level, and required more insulin. DM was fed relatively earlier but had lower energy adequacy. They experienced more frequent EN interruption. Both groups had comparable ICU and hospital stay, ventilation support duration and mortality. In multivariable logistic regression, no association was found between diabetes status and for ICU and hospital mortality. However, There was a trend towards an increase in 60-day mor- tality in DM patients (Odds Ratio: 2.220, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.764-6.452; p=0.143). Conclusion: Critically ill patients with DM had higher nutritional risks, were fed relatively earlier, but with frequent EN interruption leading to lower energy adequacy than patients WDM. Diabetes status does not affect clinical outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  10. Zheng S, Zhang H, Lakshmipriya T, Gopinath SCB, Yang N
    Biomed Res Int, 2019;2019:9726967.
    PMID: 31380444 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9726967
    Gestational diabetes (hyperglycaemia) is an elevated blood sugar level diagnosed during the period of pregnancy and affects the baby's health. Hyperglycaemia has been found within the gestational weeks between 24 and 28, and the foetus has also the possibility of getting out prior to this test frame; it causes excessive birth weight, early birth, low-blood sugar level, respiratory distress syndrome, and type-2 diabetes to the mother. It creates a mandatory situation to identify the hyperglycaemia at least during the pregnancy weeks from 18 to 20. Further, a continuous monitoring of the level of glucose is necessary for the proper delivery. In this work, a method is introduced for glucose detection at 0.06 mg/mL, assisted by gold nanorod (GNR)-conjugated glucose oxidase (GOx) on interdigitated electrode sensor. In the absence of GNR, GOx shows the limit of glucose detection to be 0.25 mg/mL. Moreover, with GOx-GNR the reactions of all the glucose concentrations have recorded higher levels of the current from the baseline. With the specificity analysis, it was found that the glucose only reacts with GOx-GNR and discriminates other sugars efficiently. This method of detection is useful to diagnose and continuously monitor the glucose level during the pregnancy period.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/isolation & purification*; Blood Glucose/chemistry
  11. Zhang ZY, Yang WY, Dominiczak AF, Wang JG, Wu Y, Almustafa B, et al.
    Hypertension, 2019 11;74(5):1064-1067.
    PMID: 31422692 DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13206
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/analysis
  12. Zariyantey Abdul Hamid, Zaliha Harun, Syarif Husin Lubis, Nihayah Mohamed, Ismarulyusda Ishak, Hidayatul Fathi Othman, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Health awareness promotion among farming communities are important for a sustainable agriculture activities. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess health status among farming communities in Cameron Highlands, Pahang (n = 61) and Bachok and Pasir Puteh, Kelantan (n = 143). Mobile Health Screening Programme composed of assessment of blood glucose, blood cholesterol, haemoglobin, blood pressure, pterygium, lung function and nerve conductive velocity was utilized. Our results indicate that the percentage of Cameron Highland’s farmers with hyperglycaemia, systolic hypertension, diastolic hypertension and anaemia were 8.2%, 14.8%, 11.5% and 8.2%, respectively. However, higher percentage of farmers in Bachok and Pasir Puteh, Kelantan with hyperglycaemia (32.8%), hypercholesterolaemia (83%), anaemia (24.2%) and systolic hypertension (41.9%) were observed. Pterygium was positive for 88.6% of farmers in Cameron Highlands and 94.4% in Bachok and Pasir Puteh. Lung function test shows that 61.7% and 11.4% of farmers in Cameron Highlands had restrictive and obstructive lung, respectively. In Bachok and Pasir Puteh, a total of 19.8%, 55.5% and 23.9% of farmers were found to have obstructive, restrictive and combined obstructive and restrictive lung, respectively. Current Perception Threshold (CPT) value which indicate nerve conductive velocity were significantly increased (p < 0.05) among Cameron Highland’s farmers for both median and peroneal nerve at all frequencies (5 Hz, 250 Hz and 2000 Hz). In Bachok and Pasir Puteh, the values of the CPT for median nerve was significantly increased (p < 0.05) for all frequencies (5, 250 and 2000 Hz). Meanwhile, a signifi cant increased (p < 0.05) was observed for the CPT values for peroneal nerve at the frequencies of 250 and 2000 Hz as compared to control groups. In conclusion, analysis revealed different health problem among the studied farming communities which could be influenced by the differences in farming practices. Thus, employed Mobile Health Screening Programme offers a monitoring approach that could highlight the need for suitable health services and awareness programmes for different farming communities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  13. Zaman R, Karim ME, Othman I, Zaini A, Chowdhury EH
    Pharmaceutics, 2020 Jul 29;12(8).
    PMID: 32751231 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080710
    Oral delivery is considered as the most preferred and yet most challenging mode of drug administration; especially a fragile and sensitive peptide like insulin that shows extremely low bioavailability through the gastro-intestinal (GIT) route. To address this problem, we have designed a novel drug delivery system (DDS) using precipitation-induced Barium (Ba) salt particles. The DDS can load insulin molecules and transport them through the GIT route. There were several in vitro simulation tests carried out to prove the efficiency of Ba salt particles as oral delivery candidates. All three Ba salt particles (BaSO4, BaSO3, and BaCO3) showed very good loading of insulin (>70% in all formulations) and a degree of resistance throughout a wide range of pHs from basic to acidic conditions when assessed by spectrophotometry. Particles and insulin-associated particles were morphologically assessed and characterized using FE-SEM and FT-IR. A set of tests were designed and carried out with mucin to predict whether the particles are potentially capable of overcoming one of the barriers for crossing intestinal epithelium. The mucin binding experiment demonstrated 60-100% of mucin adhesion to the three different particles. FT-IR identifies the characteristic peaks for mucin protein, particles, and particle-mucin complex re-confirming mucin adhesion to the particles. Finally, the effectiveness of nano-insulin was tested on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. A short acting human insulin analog, insulin aspart, was loaded into Ba salt particles at a dose of 100 IU/Kg prior to oral administration. Among the three formulations, insulin aspart-loaded BaSO4 and BaCO3 particles dramatically reduced the existing hyperglycemia. BaSO4 with loaded Insulin showed an onset of glucose-lowering action within 1 hr, with blood glucose level measured significantly lower compared to the 2nd and 3rd h (p < 0.05). Insulin-loaded BaCO3 particles showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level at 1-2 h, although the glucose level started to show a slight rise at 3rd h and by 4th h, it was back to baseline level. However, although BaSO3 particles with loaded insulin showed a trend of reduction in blood glucose level, the reduction was not found to be significant (p < 0.05) at any point in time. Therefore, oral formulations of insulin/BaSO4 and insulin/BaCO3 particles were observed as effective as native insulin aspart subcutaneous formulation in terms of onset and duration of action. Further investigation will be needed to reveal bioavailability and mechanism of action of this novel Nano-Insulin formulations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  14. Zaki R, Bulgiba A, Ismail NA
    Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S80-2.
    PMID: 23313586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.01.003
    The Bland-Altman method is the most popular method used to assess the agreement of medical instruments. The main concern about this method is the presence of proportional bias. The slope of the regression line fitted to the Bland-Altman plot should be tested to exclude proportional bias. The aim of this study was to determine whether the overestimation of bias in the Bland-Altman analysis is still present even when the proportional bias has been excluded.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/analysis
  15. Zainordin NA, Eddy Warman NA, Mohamad AF, Abu Yazid FA, Ismail NH, Chen XW, et al.
    PLoS One, 2021;16(10):e0258507.
    PMID: 34644368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258507
    INTRODUCTION: There is limited data on the effects of low carbohydrate diets on renal outcomes particularly in patients with underlying diabetic kidney disease. Therefore, this study determined the safety and effects of very low carbohydrate (VLCBD) in addition to low protein diet (LPD) on renal outcomes, anthropometric, metabolic and inflammatory parameters in patients with T2DM and underlying mild to moderate kidney disease (DKD).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an investigator-initiated, single-center, randomized, controlled, clinical trial in patients with T2DM and DKD, comparing 12-weeks of low carbohydrate diet (<20g daily intake) versus standard low protein (0.8g/kg/day) and low salt diet. Patients in the VLCBD group underwent 2-weekly monitoring including their 3-day food diaries. In addition, Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed to estimate body fat percentages.

    RESULTS: The study population (n = 30) had a median age of 57 years old and a BMI of 30.68kg/m2. Both groups showed similar total calorie intake, i.e. 739.33 (IQR288.48) vs 789.92 (IQR522.4) kcal, by the end of the study. The VLCBD group showed significantly lower daily carbohydrate intake 27 (IQR25) g vs 89.33 (IQR77.4) g, p<0.001, significantly higher protein intake per day 44.08 (IQR21.98) g vs 29.63 (IQR16.35) g, p<0.05 and no difference in in daily fat intake. Both groups showed no worsening of serum creatinine at study end, with consistent declines in HbA1c (1.3(1.1) vs 0.7(1.25) %) and fasting blood glucose (1.5(3.37) vs 1.3(5.7) mmol/L). The VLCBD group showed significant reductions in total daily insulin dose (39(22) vs 0 IU, p<0.001), increased LDL-C and HDL-C, decline in IL-6 levels; with contrasting results in the control group. This was associated with significant weight reduction (-4.0(3.9) vs 0.2(4.2) kg, p = <0.001) and improvements in body fat percentages. WC was significantly reduced in the VLCBD group, even after adjustments to age, HbA1c, weight and creatinine changes. Both dietary interventions were well received with no reported adverse events.

    CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that dietary intervention of very low carbohydrate diet in patients with underlying diabetic kidney disease was safe and associated with significant improvements in glycemic control, anthropometric measurements including weight, abdominal adiposity and IL-6. Renal outcomes remained unchanged. These findings would strengthen the importance of this dietary intervention as part of the management of patients with diabetic kidney disease.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/analysis
  16. Zainah Adam, Shafii Khamis, Amin Ismail, Muhajir Hamid
    MyJurnal
    Ficus deltoidea or locally known as Mas cotek is one of the common medicinal plants used in
    Malaysia. Our previous studies showed that this plant have blood glucose lowering effect. Glucose
    uptake into muscle and adipocytes cells is one of the known mechanisms of blood glucose lowering
    effect. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Ficus deltoidea on glucose uptake activity
    into muscle cells. The cells were incubated with Ficus deltoidea extracts either a,lone or combination
    with insulin. Amount of glucose uptake by L6 myotubes was determined using glucose tracer, 2-deoxy-
    [l-:-Hj-glucose. The results showed that Ficus deltoidea extracts at particular doses enhanced basal or
    insulin-mediated glucose uptake into muscle cells significantly. Hot aqueous extract enhanced glucose
    uptake at the low concentration (10 pg/ml) whereas methanolic extract enhanced basal glucose uptake
    at high concentrations (500 and 1000 fig/ml). Meanwhile, ethanolic extract enhanced glucose uptake at
    low and high concentrations. Methanolic extract also mimicked insulin activity during enhancing
    glucose uptake into L6 muscle cells. Glucose uptake activity of Ficus deltoidea could be attributed by
    the phenolic compounds presence in the plant. This study had shown that Ficus deltoidea has the
    ability to enhance glucose uptake into muscle cells which is partly contributed the antidiabetic activity
    of this plant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  17. Zainah Adam, Shafii Khamis, Muhajir Hamid, Muhammad Hanaffi Mohd. Mokhtar, Amin Ismail
    Ficus deltoidea is one of the common medicinal plants used in Malaysia. This epiphytic plant, from the Moraceae family has been claimed to have antidiabetic property. However, scientific evidence to confirm its efficacy is still lacking. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of F. deltoidea on glucose level in normal rats at different prandial state. The results showed that, all doses of ethanolic extract of F. deltoidea reduced fasting blood glucose particularly after 6 h of administration. Interestingly, the extract did not produce severe hypoglycemia as shown by its comparable effect with metformin. Likewise, postprandial hyperglycemia was also significantly reduced particularly after 4 and 6 h of administration. Furthermore, extract was used at a dose of 1000 mg/kg b.w., reduced postprandial hyperglycemia similar to metformin. This suggests that postprandial antihyperglycemic mechanism of this extract is mediated through enhancement of glucose uptake into muscle cells and reduction of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Glucose tolerance activity was also significantly improved in the presence of ethanolic extract of F. deltoidea. From this study, it is suggested that ethanolic extract of F. deltoidea reduced postprandial hyperglycemia and improves glucose tolerance activity in normal rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  18. Zaharudin N, Tullin M, Pekmez CT, Sloth JJ, Rasmussen RR, Dragsted LO
    Clin Nutr, 2021 Mar;40(3):830-838.
    PMID: 32917417 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.027
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Seaweed including brown seaweeds with rich bioactive components may be efficacious for a glycaemic management strategy and appetite control. We investigated the effects of two brown edible seaweeds, Laminaria digitata (LD) and Undaria pinnatifida (UP), on postprandial glucose metabolism and appetite following a starch load in a human meal study.

    METHODS: Twenty healthy subjects were enrolled in a randomized, 3-way, blinded cross-over trial. The study was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT00123456. At each test day, the subjects received one of three meals comprising 30 g of starch with 5 g of LD or UP or an energy-adjusted control meal containing pea protein. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations were measured. Subjective appetite sensations were scored using visual analogue scales (VAS).

    RESULTS: Linear mixed model (LMM) analysis showed a lower blood glucose, insulin and C-peptide response following the intake of LD and UP, after correction for body weight. Participants weighing ≤ 63 kg had a reduced glucose response compared to control meal between 40 and 90 min both following LD and UP meals. Furthermore, LMM analysis for C-peptide showed a significantly lower response after intake of LD. Compared to the control meal, GLP-1 response was higher after the LD meal, both before and after the body weight adjustment. The VAS scores showed a decreased appetite sensation after intake of the seaweeds. Ad-libitum food intake was not different three hours after the seaweed meals compared to control.

    CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant ingestion of brown seaweeds may help improving postprandial glycaemic and appetite control in healthy and normal weight adults, depending on the dose per body weight.

    CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: Clinicaltrials.gov (ID# NCT02608372).

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/analysis*
  19. Zahari Sham SY, Hanif E, Thambiah SC, Samsudin IN, Mohd Noor S, Osman M, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2021 04;43(1):33-40.
    PMID: 33903303
    INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in Malaysia. Identification of asymptomatic at-risk individuals is often achieved by means of a risk prediction algorithm. Traditional CVD risk factors and their associated algorithms are, however, limited by residual CVD risk. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has emerged as a novel CVD risk factor. This study aimed to evaluate hsCRP as an adjunct CVD risk marker among the adult Malaysian population by determining its correlation with the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Comparison analyses were done according to sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory factors and between subjects with and without Metabolic Syndrome (MetS).

    METHOD: This cross-sectional study involved eighty-three (n=83) adults attending a health screening program at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Demographic data, anthropometric measurements and blood samples for fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting lipid profile (FSL), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and hsCRP were taken. Respondents were grouped according to FRS and the Joint Interim Statement into 10-year CVD risk categories (low, intermediate and high) and MetS, respectively.

    RESULTS: hsCRP was significantly increased in patients with high body mass index (BMI) (p=0.001), at-risk waist circumference (WC) (p=0.001) and MetS (p=0.009). Spearman's correlation coefficient showed a significant positive correlation between hsCRP level and total FRS score (r=0.26, p<0.05) and HDL-C score (r=0.22, p<0.05).

    CONCLUSION: The significant difference of hsCRP levels across obesity levels and MetS with its modest correlation with FRS scores supported the adjunctive role of hsCRP in CVD risk prediction, most likely capturing the inflammatory pathological aspect and thus partly accounting for the residual CVD risk.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  20. Yusoff NA, Ahmad M, Al-Hindi B, Widyawati T, Yam MF, Mahmud R, et al.
    Nutrients, 2015 Aug;7(8):7012-26.
    PMID: 26308046 DOI: 10.3390/nu7085320
    Nypa fruticans Wurmb. vinegar, commonly known as nipa palm vinegar (NPV) has been used as a folklore medicine among the Malay community to treat diabetes. Early work has shown that aqueous extract (AE) of NPV exerts a potent antihyperglycemic effect. Thus, this study is conducted to evaluate the effect of AE on postprandial hyperglycemia in an attempt to understand its mechanism of antidiabetic action. AE were tested via in vitro intestinal glucose absorption, in vivo carbohydrate tolerance tests and spectrophotometric enzyme inhibition assays. One mg/mL of AE showed a comparable outcome to the use of phloridzin (1 mM) in vitro as it delayed glucose absorption through isolated rat jejunum more effectively than acarbose (1 mg/mL). Further in vivo confirmatory tests showed AE (500 mg/kg) to cause a significant suppression in postprandial hyperglycemia 30 min following respective glucose (2 g/kg), sucrose (4 g/kg) and starch (3 g/kg) loadings in normal rats, compared to the control group. Conversely, in spectrophotometric enzymatic assays, AE showed rather a weak inhibitory activity against both α-glucosidase and α-amylase when compared with acarbose. The findings suggested that NPV exerts its anti-diabetic effect by delaying carbohydrate absorption from the small intestine through selective inhibition of intestinal glucose transporters, therefore suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism
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