Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 150 in total

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  1. Mohandas Rao KG, Somayaji SN, Ashwini LS, Ravindra S, Abhinitha P, Rao A, et al.
    Acta Med Iran, 2012;50(8):572-6.
    PMID: 23109033
    Variations in the origin of axillary artery branches are common. But, distinctly abnormal course of its posterior circumflex humeral branch is rare. We are reporting a case of posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA) originating from the axillary artery, passing through lower triangular space to reach the scapular region where it accompanied the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vein to pass around surgical neck of humerus, deep to the fibers of deltoid. Other variations observed in this specimen were the radial collateral artery arising from the PCHA, middle collateral artery arising directly from the brachial artery and absence of profunda brachii artery. PCHA forming a hair pin loop, traversing through lower triangular space instead of quadrangular space taking a long course is being reported for the first time. Further, the clinical and surgical importance of this case especially in relation with quadrangular space syndrome and relevant literature is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  2. Azmiera N, Low VL, Heo CC
    Acta Parasitol, 2021 Jun;66(2):706-709.
    PMID: 33389626 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00313-z
    INTRODUCTION: Psychoda sp. is often collected from patchy habitats such as sewers, drains and decomposing organic matters. The discovery of Psychoda sp. in forensic studies indicated that it might have noteworthy value in assisting death investigations.

    PURPOSE: This study reports on the first finding of Psychoda larvae collected from decomposing rabbit carcasses placed in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia.

    METHODS: The larvae were first observed on rabbit carcasses and were collected using tweezers and carefully preserved in 70% ethanol. They were subsequently mounted on microscopy slides using Hoyer's medium and identified as Psychoda sp. morphologically. The identification was also confirmed through a DNA barcoding analysis.

    RESULTS: Psychoda sp. larvae were collected on day-10 post-mortem where the rabbit carcasses were at the advanced decay stage of decomposition. The cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene sequences of the larvae had 90% similarity with the Psychoda spp. in the database.

    CONCLUSION: The finding of these larvae on carrion may provide additional valuable insights into forensic entomology and may assist in death investigations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  3. Manuel JK, Yusof Bin Mohd M
    Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 1974 Jul;41(1):133-7.
    PMID: 4843090
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  4. Rasiah R, Manikam R, Chandrasekaran SK, Naghavi N, Mubarik S, Mustafa R, et al.
    Am J Transplant, 2016 05;16(5):1540-7.
    PMID: 26602367 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13603
    Organ donation rates have continued to fall seriously short of needs worldwide, with the lowest rates recorded among developing economies. This study seeks to analyze evidence from a developing economy to explore the usefulness of social psychological theory to solve the problem. The study deployed a large survey (n = 10 412) using a convenience sampling procedure targeted at increasing the number of Malaysians registered with the Ministry of Health, Malaysia who are willing to donate organs upon death. Structural equation modeling was deployed to estimate simultaneously the relative influence of cognitive and noncognitive variables on willingness to donate deceased organs. The cognitive factors of donation perception, socioeconomic status and financial incentives, and the noncognitive factors of demography and fear showed a high statistically significant (1%) relationship with willingness to donate organs after death. While financial incentives were significant, cash rewards showed the least impact. Donation perception showed the highest impact, which shows that the development of effective pedagogic programs with simultaneous improvements to the quality of services provided by medical personnel engaged in retrieving and transplanting deceased donor organs can help raise organ donation rates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  5. Ismail SMY, Murray CM, Olusa TAO, Ismail MM, Hailat NQ, Yen HH, et al.
    Anat Histol Embryol, 2022 Jan;51(1):143-152.
    PMID: 34882828 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12771
    This study was conducted to describe the morphometrics of nuchal ligament and investigate the effects of different neck and body positions on the nuchal ligament in greyhounds. Nine adult greyhounds cadavers without any locomotion abnormalities were dissected through the neck musculature on the left side to expose the nuchal ligament. Three pins were placed to mark regions of interest on the nuchal ligament: at one cm cranial to the site of origin (the most dorsal point of the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra), at the midpoint of the nuchal ligament and one cm caudal to the nuchal ligament site of insertion (close to the caudal aspect of the spinous process of the axis). Each cadaver was positioned on a masonite board and placed on a table on the floor in their lateral recumbency and seven different standardized body positions; P1-P7 were mimicked using goniometers and metal wires. Photographs were taken by positioning and fixing the camera above the nuchal ligament region. The length and widths (W1, W2 and W3) of nuchal ligament were measured using Image Pro software (Image-Pro Express version 5.0) on standardized photographs of each of seven different body and neck positions. The length of nuchal ligament in relation to the neutral position (P1) was less (- 7%, p > 0·05) in P6 (neck elevated) and increased in all other positions (+1%, p > 0·05 for P2, +19%, p  0·05 for P5, +40%, p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  6. Wong LP, Alias H, Tan SL, Saw A
    Anat Sci Int, 2023 Sep;98(4):558-565.
    PMID: 37072599 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00723-9
    The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a substantial impact on the Silent Mentor Programme (SMP), a programme in which members of the public may pledge their bodies to be used for medical training and research after their death. This study aimed to explore the conduct of body donations and simulation surgery training during the COVID-19 pandemic from the viewpoints of the committee members of the SMP and the next-of-kin of body donor pledgers. This study utilised a qualitative exploration method to seek an in-depth understanding of this phenomenon. In-depth individual interviews were carried out. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns of themes. The COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is compulsory before accepting a body donation, and this resulted in the turning down of several donations. Being a donor is the final wish of pledgers and this turning down led to a negative emotional remorseful feeling in the next-of-kin of pledgers. From the perspective of students, it is feared that the conduct of the programme, particularly the home visit session being held online, has impeded teaching of humanistic values, compassion, and empathy, which is the prime philosophy of the programme. Previous to the pandemic, the programme ceremonies were well-attended, denoting the utmost respect and recognition of the mentors; however, travel restrictions due to the pandemic limiting in-person attendance resulted in ceremonies becoming less impactful. Continuous postponements of cadaveric dissection training also resulted in students missing training opportunities, hence potentially impairing their professional practice and humanistic values in the medical profession. Counselling interventions should be directed at easing the negative psychological impact on the next-of-kin of pledgers. As the COVID-19 pandemic may pose a significant impediment to achieving the educational outcomes of cadaveric dissection training, efforts to make up for these gaps are essential.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  7. Nayak SB, Soumya KV
    Anat Cell Biol, 2020 Sep 30;53(3):372-375.
    PMID: 32647076 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.082
    Anomalies of the peritoneum and the colon are quite common. Some of these anomalies can disturb the normal digestive and absorptive functions of the intestine and the others might result in formation of volvulus or impede the blood supply of the intestine. We report a rare, combined variation of peritoneum and ascending colon. In a 70-year-old male cadaver, the greater omentum was very small and extended only for about an inch below the transverse colon. From its lower end, a fibrous band extended to the right wall of the upper part of ascending colon. There was a deep constriction on the right wall of the ascending colon at the site of attachment of the fibrous band. The ascending colon was grossly dilated. Further, the ascending colon was mobile and presented a small ascending mesocolon along its left edge. We discuss the possible embryological basis and clinical and surgical relevance of the case.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  8. Nayak SB, Shetty SD
    Anat Cell Biol, 2019 Sep;52(3):337-339.
    PMID: 31598364 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.017
    Variations of the dural folds and the dural venous sinuses are infrequently reported in the existing medical literature. Such variations in the posterior cranial fossa may pose difficulties in various analytical and surgical procedures of this region. We present a rare concurrent variation of the falx cerebelli and tentorium cerebelli that was detected during routine dissection of an adult male cadaver. While removing the brain, a partial duplication of tentorium cerebelli was observed below the left half of the tentorium cerebelli and above the left cerebellar hemisphere. This fold did not have any dural venous sinus in it. Further, a complete duplication of falx cerebelli with a single occipital venous sinus within its attached border was also observed. We present the review of literature and discuss the comparative anatomy of this case.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  9. Shetty P, Nayak SB
    Anat Cell Biol, 2019 Sep;52(3):340-343.
    PMID: 31598365 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.018
    We present a unique, unreported variation of the left coronary artery. During dissection classes for first-year medical students, we observed the absence of left coronary artery in an adult male cadaver aged approximately 78 years. The left aortic sinus was dilated and it gave origin to anterior interventricular and left marginal arteries independently. Left marginal artery was large and the circumflex artery arose from it. There were two independent opening for anterior interventricular and left marginal arteries in the left posterior aortic sinus. No variations were found in the origin and branching pattern of right coronary artery and the walls and chambers of the heart.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  10. Chakravarthi KK, Sarvepalli A, Siddegowda SK, Nelluri V
    Ann Afr Med, 2023;22(3):359-364.
    PMID: 37417026 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_93_22
    BACKGROUND: Biceps brachii is an elongated two-headed fusiform muscle of the anterior compartment of the arm which crosses the shoulder as well as the elbow joint. It assists in flexion of the shoulder joint and elbow joint and powerful supinator of the forearm. It also assists in the abduction of the shoulder joint. Accessory heads of biceps brachii muscle not only give additional strength to the joints, at the same time, they may also simulate soft-tissue tumors that can result in neurovascular compression.

    AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Accordingly, the aim of this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of accessory heads of biceps brachii muscle in human cadavers.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 107 formalin embalmed human cadavers (male 62 and 45 female), and dissections were performed in accordance with the institutional ethical standards and the Indian Anatomy Act.

    RESULTS: Out of 107 cadavers, three-headed biceps brachii was noted in 18 cadavers (16.82%) associated with the unusual course of musculocutaneous nerve. Rare and unusual unilateral five-headed biceps brachii was noted in one male cadaver (0.93%). All accessory heads noted in this study were supplied by the separate branches of musculocutaneous nerve except the humeral head of five-headed biceps, which was supplied by the radial nerve.

    CONCLUSION: Awareness of these anatomical variations, knowledge is necessary for radiologists, anesthetists, physiotherapists, and orthopedic surgeons to avoid complications during various radiodiagnostic procedures or surgeries of flexor deformities of the upper arm and forearm.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  11. Schaubel DE, Stewart DE, Morrison HI, Zimmerman DL, Cameron JI, Jeffery JJ, et al.
    Arch. Intern. Med., 2000 8 6;160(15):2349-54.
    PMID: 10927733 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.160.15.2349
    BACKGROUND: Men in the United States undergoing renal replacement therapy are more likely than women to receive a kidney transplant. However, the ability to pay may, in part, be responsible for this finding.

    OBJECTIVE: To compare adult male and female transplantation rates in a setting in which equal access to medical treatment is assumed.

    METHODS: Using data from the Canadian Organ Replacement Register, the rate of first transplantations was computed for the 20, 131 men and the 13,458 women aged 20 years or older who initiated renal replacement therapy between January 1, 1981, and December 31, 1996. Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the male-female transplantation rate ratio, adjusting for age, race, province, calendar period, underlying disease leading to renal failure, and dialytic modality. Actuarial survival methods were used to compare transplantation probability for covariable-matched cohorts of men and women.

    RESULTS: Men experienced 20% greater covariable-adjusted kidney transplantation rates relative to women (rate ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.27). The sex disparity was stronger for cadaveric transplants (rate ratio, 1.23) compared with those from living donors (rate ratio, 1.10). The 5-year probability of receiving a transplant was 47% for men and 39% for women within covariable-matched cohorts (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  12. Kondo E, Merican AM, Yasuda K, Amis AA
    Arthroscopy, 2014 Mar;30(3):335-43.
    PMID: 24581258 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.12.003
    The purpose of this study was to clarify the changes in the kinematics of the knee that result from isolated deficiency of the anteromedial (AM) or posterolateral (PL) bundle.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  13. Beh ZY, Hasan MS, Lai HY, Kassim NM, Md Zin SR, Chin KF
    BMC Anesthesiol, 2015;15:105.
    PMID: 26194896 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-015-0090-0
    The brachial plexus at the infraclavicular level runs deeper compared to its course proximally, giving rise to impaired needle visualisation due to the steep angle of needle insertion with the current ultrasound-guided approach. A new posterior parasagittal in-plane ultrasound-guided infraclavicular approach was introduced to improve needle visibility. However no further follow up study was done.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  14. Ariffin AF, Yusof N, Mohd S, Rahman SA, Ramalingam S, Mansor A, et al.
    Cell Tissue Bank, 2019 Dec;20(4):527-534.
    PMID: 31456097 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-019-09785-4
    Calcium contents of demineralised human cortical bone determined by titrimetric assay and atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique were verified by comparing to neutron activation analysis which has high recovery of more than 90%. Conversion factors determined from the comparison is necessary to correct the calcium content for each technique. Femurs from cadaveric donors were cut into cortical rings and demineralised in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid for varying immersion times. Initial calcium content in the cortical bone measured by titration was 4.57%, only 21% of the measurement by neutron activation analysis; while measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer was 13.4%, only 61% of neutron activation analysis. By comparing more readings with the measurements by neutron activation analysis with 93% recovery, a conversion factor of 4.83 was verified and applied for the readings by titration and 1.45 for atomic absorption spectrophotometer in calculating the correct calcium contents. The residual calcium content started to reduce after the cortical bone was demineralised in hydrochloric acid for 8 h and reduced to 13% after 24 h. Using the linear relationship, the residual calcium content could be reduced to less than 8% after immersion in hydrochloric acid for 40 h. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique is the method of choice for calcium content determination as it is more reliable compared to titrimetric assay.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  15. Rao KG, Bhat MS
    Clin Anat, 2006 Nov;19(8):724-5.
    PMID: 16944500
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  16. Shanmugam R, Ernst M, Stoffel K, Fischer MF, Wahl D, Richards RG, et al.
    Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2015 Jun;30(5):405-10.
    PMID: 25846324 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.03.019
    Dorsal plating is commonly used in proximal phalanx fractures but it bears the risk of interfering with the extensor apparatus. In this study, dorsal and lateral plating fixation methods are compared to assess biomechanical differences using conventional 1.5mm non-locking plates and novel 1.3mm lateral locking plates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  17. Yang Harmony TC, Yusof N, Ramalingam S, Baharin R, Syahrom A, Mansor A
    Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2022 Feb 01;480(2):407-418.
    PMID: 34491235 DOI: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000001968
    BACKGROUND: Gamma irradiation, which minimizes the risk of infectious disease transmission when human bone allograft is used, has been found to negatively affect its biomechanical properties. However, in those studies, the deep-freezing temperature during irradiation was not necessarily maintained during transportation and sterilization, which may have affected the findings. Prior reports have also suggested that controlled deep freezing may mitigate the detrimental effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties of bone allograft.

    QUESTION/PURPOSE: Does a controlled deep-freezing temperature during irradiation help preserve the compressive mechanical properties of human femoral cortical bone allografts?

    METHODS: Cortical bone cube samples, each measuring 64 mm3, were cut from the mid-diaphyseal midshaft of five fresh-frozen cadaver femurs (four male donors, mean [range] age at procurement 42 years [42 to 43]) and were allocated via block randomization into one of three experimental groups (with equal numbers of samples from each donor allocated into each group). Each experimental group consisted of 20 bone cube samples. Samples irradiated in dry ice were subjected to irradiation doses ranging from 26.7 kGy to 27.1 kGy (mean 26.9 kGy) at a deep-freezing temperature below -40°C (the recommended long-term storage temperature for allografts). Samples irradiated in gel ice underwent irradiation doses ranging from 26.2 kGy and 26.4 kGy (mean 26.3 kGy) in a freezing temperature range between -40°C and 0°C. Acting as controls, samples in a third group were not subjected to gamma irradiation. The mechanical properties (0.2% offset yield stress, ultimate compression stress, toughness, and the Young modulus) of samples from each group were subsequently evaluated via axial compression loading to failure along the long axis of the bone. The investigators were blinded to sample group during compression testing.

    RESULTS: The mean ultimate compression stress (84 ± 27 MPa versus 119 ± 31 MPa, mean difference 35 [95% CI 9 to 60]; p = 0.005) and toughness (3622 ± 1720 kJ/m3 versus 5854 ± 2900 kJ/m3, mean difference 2232 [95% CI 70 to 4394]; p = 0.009) of samples irradiated at a higher temperature range (-40°C to 0°C) were lower than in those irradiated at deep-freezing temperatures (below -40°C). The mean 0.2% offset yield stress (73 ± 28 MPa versus 109 ± 38 MPa, mean difference 36 [95% CI 11 to 60]; p = 0.002) and ultimate compression stress (84 ± 27 MPa versus 128 ± 40 MPa, mean difference 44 [95% CI 17 to 69]; p < 0.001) of samples irradiated at a higher temperature range (-40°C to 0°C) were lower than the nonirradiated control group samples. The mean 0.2% offset yield stress (73 ± 28 MPa versus 101 ± 28 MPa, mean difference 28 [95% CI 3 to 52]; p = 0.02; effect size = 1.0 [95% CI 0.8 to 1.2]) of samples irradiated at higher temperature range (-40°C to 0°C) were no different with the numbers available to those irradiated at deep-freezing temperature. The mean toughness (3622 ± 1720 kJ/m3 versus 6231 ± 3410 kJ/m3, mean difference 2609 [95% CI 447 to 4771]; p = 0.02; effect size = 1.0 [95% CI 0.8 to 1.2]) of samples irradiated at higher temperature range (-40°C to 0°C) were no different with the numbers available to the non-irradiated control group samples. The mean 0.2% offset yield stress, ultimate compression stress, and toughness of samples irradiated in deep-freezing temperatures (below -40°C) were not different with the numbers available to the non-irradiated control group samples. The Young modulus was not different with the numbers available among the three groups.

    CONCLUSION: In this study, maintenance of a deep-freezing temperature below -40°C, using dry ice as a cooling agent, consistently mitigated the adverse effects of irradiation on the monotonic-compression mechanical properties of human cortical bone tissue. Preserving the mechanical properties of a cortical allograft, when irradiated in a deep-freezing temperature, may have resulted from attenuation of the deleterious, indirect effects of gamma radiation on its collagen architecture in a frozen state. Immobilization of water molecules in this state prevents radiolysis and the subsequent generation of free radicals. This hypothesis was supported by an apparent loss of the protective effect when a range of higher freezing temperatures was used during irradiation.

    CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Deep-freezing temperatures below -40°C during gamma irradiation may be a promising approach to better retain the native mechanical properties of cortical bone allografts. A further study of the effect of deep-freezing during gamma radiation sterilization on sterility and other important biomechanical properties of cortical bone (such as, tensile strength, fracture toughness, and fatigue) is needed to confirm these findings.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  18. Kwan MK, Chan CY, Saw LB, Rukmanikanthan S, Lenke LG
    Clin Spine Surg, 2017 04;30(3):E297-E304.
    PMID: 28323715 DOI: 10.1097/BSD.0b013e3182aab29d
    STUDY DESIGN: Cadaveric and biomechanical study.

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and pullout strength of medial, partial nonthreaded thoracic pedicle screws compared with conventional screws.

    SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The perforation rate of the pedicle screws has been reported as high as 41%. Nerve injury and irritation can result from the compression of malpositioned screw on neural structures.

    METHODS: Ten fresh cadavers were studied. Screws, 5.0 and 6.0 mm, were inserted from T1 to T6 and T7 to T12, respectively. Pedicle perforations and fractures were recorded upon screw insertion and final positioning (nonthreaded portion facing medially) after a wide laminectomy. Pullout strength of novel and conventional screws were then tested using an Instron machine in an artificial bone substitute.

    RESULTS: A total of 240 thoracic pedicle screws were inserted. Of them, 88.8% (213 screws) were fully contained during screw insertion. There were 5.0% (12 screws) grade 1 medial perforations and 6.2% (15 screws) grade 1 lateral perforations during screw insertion. Upon final positioning, 93.8% (225 screws) were fully contained. All grade 1 medial perforations, which occurred during insertion, were converted to grade 0. No dural or nerve root injuries occurred. Pedicle split fractures were noted in 6.7% (16 screws). The use of medial, partial nonthreaded screws reduced the overall perforation rate from 11.2% to 6.2%. The mean pullout load for the 5 mm fully threaded screw versus medial, partial nonthreaded was 1419.3±106.1 N (1275.8-1538.8 N) and 1336.6±44.2 N (1293.0-1405.1 N) respectively, whereas 6 mm pullout load averaged 2126.0±134.8 N (1986.3-2338.3 N) and 2036.5±210.0 N (1818.4-2355.9 N). The difference was not statistically significant.

    CONCLUSIONS: The use of medial, partial nonthreaded pedicle screws reduced the medial perforation rate from 5.0% to 0%; however, the pullout strength was not significantly reduced. The use of this novel screw can potentially reduce the incidence of nerve injury or irritation after medial pedicle perforations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  19. Wong LP
    Clin Transplant, 2011 Jan-Feb;25(1):E22-31.
    PMID: 20718827 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2010.01312.x
    Malaysia's organ and tissue donation rates are among the lowest in the world. The study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, practices and behaviors regarding deceased organ donation and transplantation in the diverse ethnic communities in the state of Selangor, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
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