Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 274 in total

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  1. Sukeepaisarnjaroen W, Pham T, Tanwandee T, Nazareth S, Galhenage S, Mollison L, et al.
    World J Gastroenterol, 2015 Jul 28;21(28):8660-9.
    PMID: 26229408 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i28.8660
    To examined the efficacy and safety of treatment with boceprevir, PEGylated-interferon and ribavirin (PR) in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCVGT1) PR treatment-failures in Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  2. Wong ML, Sandham A, Ang PK, Wong DC, Tan WC, Huggare J
    Eur J Orthod, 2005 Feb;27(1):91-7.
    PMID: 15743868
    The aim of this study was to measure craniofacial morphology and nasal respiratory resistance (NRR) in Malay, Indian and Chinese subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The sample consisted of 34 male subjects, 27-52 years of age (Malay n = 11, which included five mild and six moderate-severe OSA; Indian n = 11, which included six mild and five moderate-severe OSA; and Chinese n = 12, which included six mild and six moderate-severe OSA) diagnosed using overnight polysomnography. After use of a decongestant, NRR was recorded using anterior and posterior rhinomanometry. Standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to record linear and angular dimensions. Malay subjects with moderate-severe OSA had a shorter maxillary (sp-pm) and mandibular (gn-go) length when compared with a mild OSA reference sample (P < 0.05). The hyoid bone was located more caudally in the Chinese moderate-severe subjects (hy-NL, hy-ML)(P < 0.05), and may be a useful diagnostic indicator for severity in this racial group. No pattern of differences for NRR was seen between the moderate-severe and mild OSA subjects. The consistently lower values for nasopharyngeal resistance in all the moderate-severe subjects when compared with the mild group may indicate that some compensation at this level of the airway had taken place. Strong positive correlations between craniocervical angulation (NL/OPT) and total airway resistance and the turbulent component of flow (k(2)) suggest that head posture is sensitive to fluctuations in airway resistance (P < 0.01).
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  3. Tan WP, Goh SH, Cham GW, Chng SM
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2002 May;31(3):375-81.
    PMID: 12061300
    INTRODUCTION: Acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) has been considered rare among Asians. We aim to describe the frequency and clinical features of this condition in a hospital in Singapore. Among patients admitted by the Emergency Department (ED), comparisons were made between those primarily diagnosed in the ED and those who were not.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of all cases of radiologically proven acute PE over a 20-month period.

    RESULTS: Sixty-two patients were identified. The mean age was 61.5 +/- 18.0 years with a female to male ratio of 1.8:1. There were more Malays compared to other races. There were also more Caucasians, given the proximity of the hospital to the airport and the inclusion of tourists. The commonest symptoms were dyspnoea and chest pain, while the commonest signs were tachycardia and tachypnoea. Prolonged immobilisation was the commonest risk factor. Electrocardiographic S1Q3T3 pattern was seen in more patients compared to Western studies. Cardiomegaly was the commonest chest X-ray finding. Thirty-two patients were identified to have a source of embolisation. Overall mortality rate was 21%. The ED diagnosed 36% of the cases. Alternative admitting diagnoses were predominantly ischaemic heart disease and pneumonia. The group diagnosed in the ED were notably female (P = 0.044), Caucasian (P = 0.002) and had prolonged immobilisation (P = 0.025) prior to the onset of PE.

    CONCLUSION: Acute PE is not as rare here as previously thought. Clinical features reveal more similarities than differences compared to other studies in the literature. We advocate a high index of suspicion for earlier diagnosis in the ED.

    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  4. Wong FY, Yip CS, Chua ET
    World J Surg, 2012 Feb;36(2):287-94.
    PMID: 22105650 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-011-1353-7
    BACKGROUND: We investigated the implications of HER2 amplification in Asian women with small, node-negative breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMCs).
    METHODS: We reviewed the charts patients treated between 1989 and 2009 with breast conservation therapy for node-negative breast cancers measuring ≤ 2 cm. Disease-free survival (DFS), ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared by the log-rank test. Potential covariates-age, tumor grade, hormone receptor status--were analyzed by multivariate analysis.
    RESULTS: A total of 519 patients were studied including 204 (39%) and 315 (61%) patients diagnosed with pT1ab and pT1c tumors, respectively. Median follow-up was 57 months. HER2 amplification was found in 17.1% of all patients and in 16.7% patients with pT1ab tumors. Among patients with T1ab tumors, 73.0 and 9.3% underwent adjuvant hormonal and chemotherapy, respectively; 3 of 34 T1ab patients with HER2-amplified tumors received trastuzumab. HER2 amplification was associated with poorer 5-year DFS (83.7% vs. 95.5%, P < 0.0001), DDFS (87.5% vs. 97.9%, P < 0.0001), and IBTR (8.6% vs. 2.1%, P < 0.0001) rates in patients with pT1 tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that HER2 amplification remained a significant negative prognostic factor for DFS [hazard ratio (HR) 4.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-7.8, P < 0.0001], DDFS (HR 6.3, 95% CI 2.4-17.0, P < 0.0001), and IBTR (HR 4.5, 95% CI 2.0-10.0, P < 0.0001) rates. In the pT1ab subgroup, univariate analysis showed that HER2 amplification prognosticated for DFS (85.1% vs. 95.7%, P = 0.022) and IBTR (14.9% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.004) rates but not for the OS (100% vs. 99.2%, P = 0.487) rate. Similar results were obtained after excluding patients given trastuzumab.
    CONCLUSIONS: The decision to use trastuzumab in HER2-amplified pT1ab tumors must balance their poor outcome against intrinsic financial limitations in LMCs. Patient selection criteria needs fine-tuning, and resource-sensitive regimens must be explored.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  5. Kramer I, Hooning MJ, Mavaddat N, Hauptmann M, Keeman R, Steyerberg EW, et al.
    Am J Hum Genet, 2020 11 05;107(5):837-848.
    PMID: 33022221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.09.001
    Previous research has shown that polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can be used to stratify women according to their risk of developing primary invasive breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the association between a recently validated PRS of 313 germline variants (PRS313) and contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk. We included 56,068 women of European ancestry diagnosed with first invasive breast cancer from 1990 onward with follow-up from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Metachronous CBC risk (N = 1,027) according to the distribution of PRS313 was quantified using Cox regression analyses. We assessed PRS313 interaction with age at first diagnosis, family history, morphology, ER status, PR status, and HER2 status, and (neo)adjuvant therapy. In studies of Asian women, with limited follow-up, CBC risk associated with PRS313 was assessed using logistic regression for 340 women with CBC compared with 12,133 women with unilateral breast cancer. Higher PRS313 was associated with increased CBC risk: hazard ratio per standard deviation (SD) = 1.25 (95%CI = 1.18-1.33) for Europeans, and an OR per SD = 1.15 (95%CI = 1.02-1.29) for Asians. The absolute lifetime risks of CBC, accounting for death as competing risk, were 12.4% for European women at the 10th percentile and 20.5% at the 90th percentile of PRS313. We found no evidence of confounding by or interaction with individual characteristics, characteristics of the primary tumor, or treatment. The C-index for the PRS313 alone was 0.563 (95%CI = 0.547-0.586). In conclusion, PRS313 is an independent factor associated with CBC risk and can be incorporated into CBC risk prediction models to help improve stratification and optimize surveillance and treatment strategies.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  6. Campa D, Pastore M, Gentiluomo M, Talar-Wojnarowska R, Kupcinskas J, Malecka-Panas E, et al.
    Oncotarget, 2016 08 30;7(35):57011-57020.
    PMID: 27486979 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10935
    The CDKN2A (p16) gene plays a key role in pancreatic cancer etiology. It is one of the most commonly somatically mutated genes in pancreatic cancer, rare germline mutations have been found to be associated with increased risk of developing familiar pancreatic cancer and CDKN2A promoter hyper-methylation has been suggested to play a critical role both in pancreatic cancer onset and prognosis. In addition several unrelated SNPs in the 9p21.3 region, that includes the CDNK2A, CDNK2B and the CDNK2B-AS1 genes, are associated with the development of cancer in various organs. However, association between the common genetic variability in this region and pancreatic cancer risk is not clearly understood. We sought to fill this gap in a case-control study genotyping 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2,857 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients and 6,111 controls in the context of the Pancreatic Disease Research (PANDoRA) consortium. We found that the A allele of the rs3217992 SNP was associated with an increased pancreatic cancer risk (ORhet=1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.27, p=0.026, ORhom=1.30, 95% CI 1.12-1.51, p=0.00049). This pleiotropic variant is reported to be a mir-SNP that, by changing the binding site of one or more miRNAs, could influence the normal cell cycle progression and in turn increase PDAC risk. In conclusion, we observed a novel association in a pleiotropic region that has been found to be of key relevance in the susceptibility to various types of cancer and diabetes suggesting that the CDKN2A/B locus could represent a genetic link between diabetes and pancreatic cancer risk.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  7. Kruszka P, Addissie YA, McGinn DE, Porras AR, Biggs E, Share M, et al.
    Am J Med Genet A, 2017 Apr;173(4):879-888.
    PMID: 28328118 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38199
    22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2 DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome and is underdiagnosed in diverse populations. This syndrome has a variable phenotype and affects multiple systems, making early recognition imperative. In this study, individuals from diverse populations with 22q11.2 DS were evaluated clinically and by facial analysis technology. Clinical information from 106 individuals and images from 101 were collected from individuals with 22q11.2 DS from 11 countries; average age was 11.7 and 47% were male. Individuals were grouped into categories of African descent (African), Asian, and Latin American. We found that the phenotype of 22q11.2 DS varied across population groups. Only two findings, congenital heart disease and learning problems, were found in greater than 50% of participants. When comparing the clinical features of 22q11.2 DS in each population, the proportion of individuals within each clinical category was statistically different except for learning problems and ear anomalies (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  8. Lee CF, Abdullah MZ, Ahmad KA, Lutfi Shuaib I
    Comput Math Methods Med, 2013;2013:519071.
    PMID: 23840279 DOI: 10.1155/2013/519071
    This research focuses on creating a standardized nasal cavity model of adult Malaysian females. The methodology implemented in this research is a new approach compared to other methods used by previous researchers. This study involves 26 females who represent the test subjects for this preliminary study. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis was carried out to better understand the characteristics of the standardized model and to compare it to the available standardized Caucasian model. This comparison includes cross-sectional areas for both half-models as well as velocity contours along the nasal cavities. The Malaysian female standardized model is larger in cross-sectional area compared to the standardized Caucasian model thus leading to lower average velocity magnitudes. The standardized model was further evaluated with four more Malaysian female test subjects based on its cross-sectional areas and average velocity magnitudes along the nasal cavities. This evaluation shows that the generated model represents an averaged and standardized model of adult Malaysian females.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  9. Gao H, Salim A, Lee J, Tai ES, van Dam RM
    Int J Obes (Lond), 2012 Aug;36(8):1086-93.
    PMID: 21946705 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.185
    Diabetes in Asia constitutes approximately half of the global burden. Although insulin resistance and incidence of type 2 diabetes differ substantially between ethnic groups within Asia, the reasons for these differences are poorly understood. We evaluated to what extent body fatness, adiponectin levels and inflammation mediate the relationship between ethnicity and insulin resistance in an Asian setting.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  10. Lim SL, Lim AK, Mumtaz M, Hussein E, Wan Bebakar WM, Khir AS
    Thyroid, 2008 Dec;18(12):1297-301.
    PMID: 19012471 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2008.0044
    The prevalence of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) has been reported to be lower in several Asian populations than in Caucasians. The risk factors for TAO that have been demonstrated in Caucasians have not been studied in Asian populations. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical features of TAO in a cohort of multiethnic Malaysian patients with Graves' disease (GD).
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  11. Goh JC, Low SL, Das De S, DasDe S
    J Clin Densitom, 2004;7(4):406-12.
    PMID: 15618601
    Ethnic differences in bone density and hip geometry are known to exist, even within the same population. A recent study in Singapore showed that there were significant racial differences in hip fracture rates, with Chinese having the highest incidence of hip fractures. The aim of this study was to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) and hip axis length in Chinese, Malay, and Indian women. A total of 1575 women aged 20-59 yr were recruited, of which 77.6% (1222) were Chinese, 7.7% (122) Malays, and 14.7% (231) Indians. There was no significant difference in peak BMD of both lumbar spine and femoral neck among the three ethnic groups. However, in the older age group (50-59 yr), both Chinese and Malay women had significantly lower femoral neck BMD compared to Indian women. There was no significant loss in BMD of the lumbar spine between the second and fifth decades in all the three races. Between the second and fifth decade, Chinese and Malay women had significant bone loss in the femoral neck of 6.6% and 8.2%, respectively, whereas Indian women did not show any significant bone loss. Chinese women had significantly longer hip axis length compared to either Malay or Indian women (9.87 +/- 0.52 cm vs 9.67 +/- 0.49 cm; p < 0.005; and 9.69 +/- 0.55 cm, p < 0.05, respectively). The initial findings suggest racial differences in bone density and hip geometry exist in the local community. Future research should include prospective, longitudinal studies to determine the age-related bone loss in these three racial groups. It is also important to investigate the differences of spine and hip fracture rates and their relationship with bone density and hip axis length.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  12. Zain SM, Mohamed Z, Mahadeva S, Rampal S, Basu RC, Cheah PL, et al.
    PLoS One, 2013;8(3):e58538.
    PMID: 23484035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058538
    Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) has been reported to play a fibrogenic role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, five variants of the AGTR1 gene (rs3772622, rs3772627, rs3772630, rs3772633, and rs2276736) were examined for their association with susceptibility to NAFLD. Subjects made up of 144 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients and 198 controls were genotyped using TaqMan assays. The liver biopsy specimens were histologically graded and scored according to the method of Brunt. Single locus analysis in pooled subjects revealed no association between each of the five variants with susceptibility to NAFLD. In the Indian ethnic group, the rs2276736, rs3772630 and rs3772627 appear to be protective against NAFLD (p = 0.010, p = 0.016 and p = 0.026, respectively). Haplotype ACGCA is shown to be protective against NAFLD for the Indian ethnic subgroup (p = 0.03). Gene-gene interaction between the AGTR1 gene and the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene, which we previously reported as associated with NAFLD in this sample, showed a strong interaction between AGTR1 (rs3772627), AGTRI (rs3772630) and PNPLA3 (rs738409) polymorphisms on NAFLD susceptibility (p = 0.007). Further analysis of the NAFLD patients revealed that the G allele of the AGTR1 rs3772622 is associated with increased fibrosis score (p = 0.003). This is the first study that replicates an association between AGTR1 polymorphism and NAFLD, with further details in histological features of NAFLD. There is lack of evidence to suggest an association between any of the five variants of the AGTR1 gene and NAFLD in the Malays and Chinese. In the Indians, the rs2276736, rs3772630 and rs3772627 appear to protect against NAFLD. We report novel findings of an association between the G allele of the rs3772622 with occurrence of fibrosis and of the gene-gene interaction between AGTR1gene and the much-studied PNPLA3 gene.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  13. Duong JK, Kumar SS, Kirkpatrick CM, Greenup LC, Arora M, Lee TC, et al.
    Clin Pharmacokinet, 2013 May;52(5):373-84.
    PMID: 23475568 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-013-0046-9
    Metformin is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment; however, there is poor adherence to current dosing guidelines. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of metformin in patients with significant renal impairment are not well described. The aims of this study were to investigate factors influencing the pharmacokinetic variability, including variant transporters, between healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to simulate doses of metformin at varying stages of renal function.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  14. Seow CC, Chow PK, Khong KS
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1999 Mar;28(2):231-6.
    PMID: 10497673
    Joint hypermobility is a clinical entity that has been little studied in Southeast Asia in contrast to the many studies that have been conducted in the West. A pioneer study was conducted in Singapore involving 306 subjects from the three major races i.e. Chinese, Malays and Indians. Their ages ranged from 15 to 39 years. The objective was to ascertain the joint mobility profile in a study sample representative of the Singapore population and the prevalence of joint hypermobility amongst normal individuals. Joint mobility was assessed using criteria according to Carter and Wilkinson modified by Beighton et al. The distribution of the three major races in the study sample was based on the 1990 census of the Singapore population. The prevalence of joint hypermobility was found to be 17%. The results showed that joint mobility decreases with age and that females had consistently higher degree of joint mobility compared to males throughout the age group. Among the racial groups, Malays had the highest degree of joint mobility followed by Indians and Chinese.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  15. Pakianathan MR, Kamarulzaman A, Ismail R, McMillan A, Scott GR
    AIDS, 1999 Sep 10;13(13):1787-8.
    PMID: 10509585
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  16. Ismail MN, Chee SS, Nawawi H, Yusoff K, Lim TO, James WP
    Obes Rev, 2002 Aug;3(3):203-8.
    PMID: 12164473 DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00074.x
    This study was undertaken to assess the recent data on Malaysian adult body weights and associations of ethnic differences in overweight and obesity with comorbid risk factors, and to examine measures of energy intake, energy expenditure, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and physical activity changes in urban and rural populations of normal weight. Three studies were included (1) a summary of a national health morbidity survey conducted in 1996 on nearly 29 000 adults > or =20 years of age; (2) a study comparing energy intake, BMR and physical activity levels (PALs) in 409 ethnically diverse, healthy adults drawn from a population of 1165 rural and urban subjects 18-60 years of age; and (3) an examination of the prevalence of obesity and comorbid risk factors that predict coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes in 609 rural Malaysians aged 30-65 years. Overweight and obesity were calculated using body mass index (BMI) measures and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Energy intake was assessed using 3-d food records, BMR and PALs were assessed with Douglas bags and activity diaries, while hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and glucose intolerance were specified using standard criteria. The National Health Morbidity Survey data revealed that in adults, 20.7% were overweight and 5.8% obese (0.3% of whom had BMI values of >40.0 kg m(-2)); the prevalence of obesity was clearly greater in women than in men. In women, obesity rates were higher in Indian and Malay women than in Chinese women, while in men the Chinese recorded the highest obesity prevalences followed by the Malay and Indians. Studies on normal healthy subjects indicated that the energy intake of Indians was significantly lower than that of other ethnic groups. In women, Malays recorded a significantly higher energy intake than the other groups. Urban male subjects consumed significantly more energy than their rural counterparts, but this was not the case in women. In both men and women, fat intakes (%) were significantly higher in Chinese and urban subjects. Men were moderately active with the exception of the Dayaks. Chinese women were considerably less active than Chinese men. Chinese and Dayak women were less active than Malay and Indian women. In both men and women, Indians recorded the highest PALs. Hence, current nutrition and health surveys reveal that Malaysians are already affected by western health problems. The escalation of obesity, once thought to be an urban phenomenon, has now spread to the rural population at an alarming rate. As Malaysia proceeds rapidly towards a developed economy status, the health of its population will probably continue to deteriorate. Therefore, a national strategy needs to be developed to tackle both dietary and activity contributors to the excess weight gain of the Malaysian population.
    Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2006)
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  17. Ngeow WC, Zain RB, Yeo JF, Chai WL
    J Oral Sci, 2000 Mar;42(1):9-14.
    PMID: 10808269
    This was a retrospective study of odontogenic keratocysts in people from the Singapore-Malaysian region. The purpose of this study was to present the clinicopathologic features of odontogenic keratocysts in the Oriental population and to compare these data with those from other reported studies. Biopsy records from 1981 to 1992 of 61 cases of odontogenic keratocysts from patients in Malaysia and Singapore showed that 42.6% of patients were female and 57.4% of patients were male. Among patients with cysts, 75.4% were Chinese, 6.6% were Malays, 9.8% were Indians and 8.2% were other ethnic groups. The mean age of these patients was 26.98 +/- 15.38 years with a peak incidence occurring in the second to fourth decades. The location of the lesions was more often in the mandible (65.5%) than the maxilla (31.0%). There was a marked predilection for lesions to occur in the posterior mandible. Histologically, 90.2% of the cysts were lined with a para-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium while only 3.3% of the cysts were lined with orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Mixed para-keratinized and orthokeratinized epithelial linings were observed in 4 cases (6.5%). The cyst linings were mainly uninflamed (95.1%). Inflammation of the cyst wall was found in 42 cases (68.8%). Twelve (19.7%) cases contained keratin in the lumen. A satellite cyst was observed in only 6 cases (9.8%). In conclusion, most clinical and histological features seen in this study were similar to those found for Caucasians. The only clinical feature that was different was the peak age incidence, that ranged from the second to fourth decades, with an absence of a second peak. Odontogenic keratocysts presenting at the site of the dentigerous cyst were observed in 7 cases (11.5%).
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  18. Loh NK, Lee WL, Yew WW, Tjia TL
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1997 Jul;26(4):471-4.
    PMID: 9395813
    This survey covered male Singapore citizens born in 1974 who were medically screened at the age of 18 years before enlistment for compulsory military service. Suspected epileptics were referred to government hospitals for further management. Out of 20,542 men, there were 121 epileptics, giving a cumulative incidence of 5 per 1000 by age 18 years. We had information on 106 (87%) of these individuals and were able to interview them and review their hospital records. Seventy-three of the 106 (69%) epileptics had generalised seizures while 14 (13%) had refractory seizures. There was no statistically significant racial bias amongst these epileptics. Unprovoked afebrile seizures occurred early in these patients, half of whom had seizures onset before 7 years of age. Nine refractory epileptics had a history of febrile seizures, 4 of which were complex febrile seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging identified mesial temporal sclerosis in 2 patients and a hypothalamic lesion in 1 patient. Computed tomographic scans revealed focal cortical atrophy in 2 patients. Nine other patients had normal imaging studies. Nine out of 14 (64%) patients with refractory epilepsy had partial seizures; 4 (29%) had generalised seizures and 1 (7%) was unclassified. This is in contrast to the distribution of the entire cohort of epileptics studied. Two out of 9 patients with refractory partial seizures (gelastic epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis) had undergone surgery while 6 of the other 7 patients refused to consider surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  19. Keng SB, Foong KW
    Int Dent J, 1996 Apr;46(2):103-7.
    PMID: 8930682
    In the absence of pre-extraction records, investigators have used various methods to aid in the selection and placement of artificial teeth for complete dentures. Natural tooth position and size provide the dentist with an optimal guide. A study was conducted on a group of ethnic Chinese subjects where direct measurements were made of the arch size and width of the maxillary central incisor on stone casts. The anterior arch width represented by the inter-canine cusp tip distance was 35.74 +/- 2.17mm. The mesiodistal diameter of the maxillary central incisor was 8.85 +/- 0.59mm with a range of 7.60mm to 11.20mm. The results of this study was discussed against other findings on the Caucasian, Nigerian and Malay groups. The significance of artificial tooth selection for dentures was highlighted in relation to the results obtained from the study for the group of Chinese and other races.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  20. Hargreaves JA, Matejka JM, Cleaton-Jones PE, Williams S
    ASDC J Dent Child, 1995 Sep-Oct;62(5):353-5.
    PMID: 8550926
    Little new evidence on the prevalence of injury to the anterior teeth of children has been reported in the past five years and, in South Africa, trauma to the teeth of children in different ethnic groups has not been compared respectively. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the prevalence of dental trauma using well-defined criteria and to sample a specific age-group. Five regions were chosen and 1035 children in the eleven-year age-group were examined. No statistical significance was found between the ethnic groups related to the amount of injury sustained. For all groups, boys received more injuries than girls. The most common injury was fracture of the enamel of the maxillary central incisor. With 15 percent of the children receiving some level of trauma by age eleven years, this is one of the main dental treatment needs for South African children.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
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