Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 100 in total

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  1. Feng Z, Lim HN, Ibrahim I, Gowthaman NSK
    J Mater Chem B, 2023 Oct 06;11(38):9099-9127.
    PMID: 37650588 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01221b
    Small biomolecules play a critical role in the fundamental processes that sustain life and are essential for the proper functioning of the human body. The detection of small biomolecules has garnered significant interest in various fields, including disease diagnosis and medicine. Electrochemical techniques are commonly employed in the detection of critical biomolecules through the principle of redox reactions. It is also a very convenient, cheap, simple, fast, and accurate measurement method in analytical chemistry. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are a unique type of metal-organic framework (MOF) composed of porous crystals with extended three-dimensional structures. These frameworks are made up of metal ions and imidazolate linkers, which form a highly porous and stable structure. In addition to their many advantages in other applications, ZIFs have emerged as promising candidates for electrochemical sensors. Their large surface area, pore diameter, and stability make them ideal for use in sensing applications, particularly in the detection of small molecules and ions. This review summarizes the critical role of small biomolecules in the human body, the standard features of electrochemical analysis, and the utilization of various types of ZIF materials (including carbon composites, metal-based composites, ZIF polymer materials, and ZIF-derived materials) for the detection of important small biomolecules in human body fluids. Lastly, we provide an overview of the current status, challenges, and future outlook for research on ZIF materials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles/chemistry
  2. Saputra E, Prawiranegara BA, Nugraha MW, Oh WD, Sugesti H, Evelyn, et al.
    Environ Res, 2023 Oct 01;234:116441.
    PMID: 37331558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116441
    Three specific catalysts, namely ZIF-67 (zeolitic imidazolate framework-67), Co@NCF (Co@Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Framework), and 3D NCF (Three-Dimensional Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Framework), were prepared and studied for pulp and paper mill effluent degradation using heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Numerous characterizations, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N2 adsorption, were used to characterize the properties of three different catalysts. 3D NCF is remarkably effective at heterogeneous activation of PMS to generate sulfate radicals to degrade pulp and paper mill effluent (PPME) compared to the other as-prepared catalysts. The catalytic activity reveals a sequence of 3D NCF > Co@NCF > ZIF-67.3D NCF could degrade organic pollutants in 30 min at an initial COD concentration of 1146 mg/L of PPME, 0.2 g/L catalysts, 2 g/L PMS, and 50 °C. Consequently, it was observed that the degradation of PPME using 3D NCF followed first-order kinetics, with an activation energy of 40.54 kJ mol-1. Overall, 3D NCF/PMS system reveals promising performance for PPME removal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles
  3. Saheed IO, Suah FBM
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Jun 30;241:124610.
    PMID: 37116836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124610
    The aggressive search for unique materials in recent years has put forward chitosan and modified-chitosan as materials with unique structural and morphological characteristics for various important applications. Just as imidazolium-based ionic liquids are the commonly applied ionic liquids (ILs) type for chitosan modifications for various applications, their further modifications into beads for enhancing their properties is now gaining most attention. However, most of the currently prepared imidazolium ILs modified-chitosan beads are not in nano size due to preparation difficulties. In response to this and referencing the research works in the literature, the possible breakthrough directions including synthesis routes, and physical and mechanical transformation processes are proposed. These procedures are expected to provide certain theoretical and empirical basis, as well as technical guide for developing nano-micro size chitosan beads using imidazolium based ILs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles/chemistry
  4. Dutta S, Singhal S, Shah R, Charan J, Dhingra S, Haque M
    Expert Opin Drug Saf, 2023;22(12):1237-1251.
    PMID: 37526060 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2243217
    BACKGROUND: Insomnia is a multi-factorial disorder with conventional treatment options that are not satisfactory for many patients. This metaanalysis analyzed the safety and efficacy of daridorexant.

    METHODS: An electronic database search for RCTs was conducted on Medline via PubMed, Cochrane, and Clinicaltrials.gov using the terms 'Daridorexant,' 'RCT,' 'Insomnia' trials evaluating the efficacy and/or safety of daridorexant for insomnia were included. The data were synthesized using Cochrane review manager version 5.4.1. Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 tool and GRADEpro-GDT were used to assess the methodological and evidence quality, respectively.

    RESULTS: Of 109 searched studies, four trials were included. The risk of treatment-emergent adverse events with 25 mg daridorexant [risk ratio (RR) = 1.12 (0.88, 1.43), p = 0.36; I2 = 0%] and 50 mg daridorexant [RR = 1.25 (0.88, 1.79), p = 0.22; I2 = 28%] and serious adverse events with 25 mg [RR = 0.86 (0.23, 3.19), p = 0.82, I2 = 56%] and 50 mg [RR = 1.32 (0.29, 6.08), p = 0.72, I2 = 52%] was comparable to placebo [Moderate quality evidence]. Risk of nasopharyngitis was also comparable to placebo. The efficacy parameters like wake after sleep onset, latency to persistent sleep, and subjective total sleep time showed significant improvement with daridorexant. The risk of bias is low for three studies and some concern for one.

    CONCLUSION: Daridorexant is a safer and efficacious agent for induction and maintenance of sleep for chronic insomnia.

    PROSPERO: The registration number is CRD42022335233.

    CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov identifiers are NCT03575104, NCT03545191, NCT03679884, and NCT02839200).

    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles
  5. Ullah H, Qureshi KS, Khan U, Zaffar M, Yang YJ, Rabat NE, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2021 Dec;285:131492.
    PMID: 34273691 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131492
    The restoration of mechanical properties is desired for creating the self-healing coatings with no corrosion capabilities. The encapsulation of epoxy resins is limited by various factors in urea and melamine formaldehyde microcapsules. An improved method was developed, where epoxy resin was encapsulated by individual wrapping of poly(melamine-formaldehyde) and poly(urea-formaldehyde) shell around emulsified epoxy droplets via oil-in-water emulsion polymerization method. The synthesized materials were characterized analytically. The curing of the epoxy was achieved by adding the [Ni/Co(2-MI)6].2NO3 as a latent hardener and iron acetylacetonate [Fe(acac)3] as a latent accelerator. Isothermal and non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetric analysis revealed lower curing temperature (Tonset = 116 °C) and lower activation energies (Ea ≈ 69-75 kJ/mol). The addition of microcapsules and complexes did not adversely alter the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the epoxy coatings. The adhesion strength of neat coating decreased from 6310.8 ± 31 to 4720.9 ± 60 kPa and percent healing increased from 50.83 to 67.45% in the presence of acetylacetonate complex at 10 wt% of microcapsules.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles
  6. Subramani IG, Perumal V, Gopinath SCB, Mohamed NM, Ovinis M, Sze LL
    Sci Rep, 2021 10 21;11(1):20825.
    PMID: 34675227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00057-4
    The bovine milk allergenic protein, 'β-lactoglobulin' is one of the leading causes of milk allergic reaction. In this research, a novel label-free non-faradaic capacitive aptasensor was designed to detect β-lactoglobulin using a Laser Scribed Graphene (LSG) electrode. The graphene was directly engraved into a microgapped (~ 95 µm) capacitor-electrode pattern on a flexible polyimide (PI) film via a simple one-step CO2 laser irradiation. The novel hybrid nanoflower (NF) was synthesized using 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) as the organic molecule and copper (Cu) as the inorganic molecule via one-pot biomineralization by tuning the reaction time and concentration. NF was fixed on the pre-modified PI film at the triangular junction of the LSG microgap specifically for bio-capturing β-lactoglobulin. The fine-tuned CDI-Cu NF revealed the flower-like structures was viewed through field emission scanning electron microscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed the interactions with PI film, CDI-Cu NF, oligoaptamer and β-lactoglobulin. The non-faradaic sensing of milk allergen β-lactoglobulin corresponds to a higher loading of oligoaptamer on 3D-structured CDI-Cu NF, with a linear range detection from 1 ag/ml to 100 fg/ml and attomolar (1 ag/ml) detection limit (S/N = 3:1). This novel CDI-Cu NF/LSG microgap aptasensor has a great potential for the detection of milk allergen with high-specificity and sensitivity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles/chemistry*
  7. Tan JY, Wijesinghe IVS, Alfarizal Kamarudin MN, Parhar I
    Cancers (Basel), 2021 Feb 04;13(4).
    PMID: 33557011 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040607
    Paediatric gliomas categorised as low- or high-grade vary markedly from their adult counterparts, and denoted as the second most prevalent childhood cancers after leukaemia. As compared to adult gliomas, the studies of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as the development of therapy in paediatric gliomas, are still in their infancy. A body of evidence demonstrates that B-Raf Proto-Oncogene or V-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B (BRAF) and histone H3 mutations are valuable biomarkers for paediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) and high-grade gliomas (pHGGs). Various diagnostic methods involving fluorescence in situ hybridisation, whole-genomic sequencing, PCR, next-generation sequencing and NanoString are currently used for detecting BRAF and histone H3 mutations. Additionally, liquid biopsies are gaining popularity as an alternative to tumour materials in detecting these biomarkers, but still, they cannot fully replace solid biopsies due to several limitations. Although histone H3 mutations are reliable prognosis biomarkers in pHGGs, children with these mutations have a dismal prognosis. Conversely, the role of BRAF alterations as prognostic biomarkers in pLGGs is still in doubt due to contradictory findings. The BRAF V600E mutation is seen in the majority of pLGGs (as seen in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and gangliomas). By contrast, the H3K27M mutation is found in the majority of paediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and other midline gliomas in pHGGs. pLGG patients with a BRAF V600E mutation often have a lower progression-free survival rate in comparison to wild-type pLGGs when treated with conventional therapies. BRAF inhibitors (Dabrafenib and Vemurafenib), however, show higher overall survival and tumour response in BRAF V600E mutated pLGGs than conventional therapies in some studies. To date, targeted therapy and precision medicine are promising avenues for paediatric gliomas with BRAF V600E and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma with the H3K27M mutations. Given these shortcomings in the current treatments of paediatric gliomas, there is a dire need for novel therapies that yield a better therapeutic response. The present review discusses the diagnostic tools and the perspective of liquid biopsies in the detection of BRAF V600E and H3K27M mutations. An in-depth understanding of these biomarkers and the therapeutics associated with the respective challenges will bridge the gap between paediatric glioma patients and the development of effective therapies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles
  8. Ng HS, Wan PK, Ng TC, Lan JC
    J Biosci Bioeng, 2020 Aug;130(2):200-204.
    PMID: 32389469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.04.003
    Ectoine is a zwitterionic amino acid derivative that can be naturally sourced from halophilic microorganisms. The increasing demands of ectoine in various industries have urged the researches on the cost-effective approaches on production of ectoine. Ionic liquids-based aqueous biphasic system (ILABS) was applied to recover Halomonas salina ectoine from cells hydrolysate. The 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (Bmim)BF4 was used in the ILABS and the recovery efficiency of ILABS to recover ectoine from H. salina cells lysate was evaluated by determining the effects of phase composition; pHs; crude loading and additional neutral salt (NaCl). The hydrophilic ectoine was targeted to partition to the hydrophilic salt-rich phase. A total yield (YB) of 96.32% ± 1.08 of ectoine was obtained with ILABS of phase composition of 20% (w/w) (Bmim)BF4 and 30% (w/w) sulfate salts; system pH of 5.5 when the 20% (w/w) of crude feedstock was applied to the ILABS. There was no significant enhancement on the ectoine recovery efficiency using the ILABS when NaCl was added, therefore the ILABS composition without the additional neutral salt was recommended for the primary purification of ectoine. Partition coefficient (KE) of 30.80 ± 0.42, purity (PE) of 95.82% and enrichment factor (Ef) of 1.92 were recorded with the optimum (Bmim)BF4/sulfate ILABS. These findings have provided an insight on the feasibility of recovery of intracellular biomolecules using the green solvent-based aqueous system in one single-step operation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles
  9. Kee PE, Lan JC, Yim HS, Tan JS, Chow YH, Ng HS
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2020 May;191(1):376-386.
    PMID: 31907777 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03202-y
    Cytochrome c is a small water-soluble protein that is abundantly found in the mitochondrial intermembrane space of microorganism, plants and mammalians. Ionic liquids (ILs)-based aqueous two-phase electrophoresis system (ATPES) was introduced in this study to investigate the partition efficiency of cytochrome c to facilitate subsequent development of two-phase electrophoresis for the separation of cytochrome c from microbial fermentation. The 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, (C6mim)Br and potassium citrate salt were selected as the phase-forming components. Effects of phase composition; position of electrodes; pH and addition of neutral salt on the partition efficiency of cytochrome c in the ATPES were evaluated. Highest partition coefficient (K = 179.12 ± 0.82) and yield of cytochrome c in top phase (YT = 99.63% ± 0.00) were recorded with IL/salt ATPES composed of 30% (w/w) (C6mim)Br and 20% (w/w) potassium citrate salt of pH 7 and 3.0% (w/w) NaCl addition with anode at the bottom phase and cathode at the top phase. The SDS-PAGE profile revealed that cytochrome c with a molecular weight of 12 kDa was preferably partitioned to the IL-rich top phase. Present findings suggested that the single-step ATPES is a potential separation approach for the recovery of cytochrome c from microbial fermentation. Graphical Abstract.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles/chemistry*
  10. Shamsuri AA, Md Jamil SNA
    Materials (Basel), 2020 Apr 17;13(8).
    PMID: 32316400 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081885
    Polybutylene succinate (PBS)/rice starch (RS) blends were prepared via the hot-melt extrusion technique through the usage of a twin-screw extruder without and containing ionic liquid-based surfactants (ILbS). Two types of ILbS were used, specifically, 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, [C12mim][OTf] and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [C12mim][NTf2] were mixed into the PBS/RS blends at the different contents (0-8 wt.%). The tensile and flexural results showed that the blends containing ILbS have a high tensile extension and tensile energy compared to the blend without ILbS. The blends containing ILbS also have a high flexural extension compared with the blend without ILbS. The blends containing [C12mim][NTf2] have a significant improvement in the tensile energy (up to 239%) and flexural extension (up to 17%) in comparison with the blends containing [C12mim][OTf]. The FTIR spectra demonstrated that the presence of ILbS in the blends generated the intermolecular interactions (ion-dipole force and hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction) between PBS and RS. The DSC results exhibited that the melting points of the prepared blends are decreased with the addition of ILbS. However, the TGA results showed that the thermal decomposition of the blends containing ILbS are higher than the blend without ILbS. The values of decomposition temperature were 387.4 °C, 381.8 °C, and 378.6 °C of PBS/RS-[C12mim][NTf2], PBS/RS-[C12mim][OTf], and PBS/RS, respectively. In conclusion, the ILbS could significantly improve the physicochemical properties of the PBS/RS blends by acting as a compatibilizer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles
  11. Khanmirzaei MH, Ramesh S, Ramesh K
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2020 Apr 01;20(4):2423-2429.
    PMID: 31492257 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17192
    Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) were prepared using rice starch as the polymer, sodium iodide (NaI) as the salt and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (HMII) as the ionic liquid (IL). The solution casting technique was used for preparation of the PEs. The ionic conductivity and temperaturedependent properties of the PEs were measured and all the SPEs were found to follow the Arrhenius thermal activated model. Ionic conductivity increased as the percentage of ILs increased. The SPE containing 20% (wt) of HMII IL showed the highest ionic conductivity of 1.83×10-3 S/cm. Spectral and structural characterization of the PEs were performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicate that the decomposition temperature (Tdc), glass transition temperatures (Tg) and melting points (Tm) shifted when complexation with HMII occurred. The PEs were used to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and the DSSCs were analyzed under a 1-sun simulator. The SPE with the highest ionic conductivity displayed a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 9.07 (mA cm-2), open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.58 (V), a fill factor (FF) of 0.65 and had the highest energy conversion efficiency of 3.42%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles
  12. Naaz F, Ahmad F, Lone BA, Pokharel YR, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, et al.
    Bioorg Chem, 2020 01;95:103519.
    PMID: 31884140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103519
    A set of two series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole (11a-n) and 1,2,4-Triazole (12a, c, e, g, h, j-n) based topsentin analogues were prepared by replacing imizadole moiety of topsentin through a multistep synthesis starting from indole. All the compounds synthesized were submitted for single dose (10 µM) screening against a NCI panel of 60-human cancer cell lines. Among all cancer cell lines, colon (HCC-2998) and Breast (MCF-7, T-47D) cancer cell lines were found to be more susceptible for this class of compounds. Among the compounds tested, compounds 11a, 11d, 11f, 12e and 12h, were exhibited good anti-proliferative activity against various cancer cell lines. Compounds 11d, 12e and 12h demonstrated better activity with IC50 2.42 µM, 3.06 µM, and 3.30 µM respectively against MCF-7 human cancer cell line than that of the standard drug doxorubicin IC50 6.31 µM. Furthermore, 11d induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and also disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential with reducing cell migration potential of MCF-7 cells in dose dependent manner. In vitro microtubule polymerization assays found that compound 11d disrupt tubulin dynamics by inhibiting tubulin polymerization with IC50 3.89 μM compared with standard nocodazole (IC50 2.49 μM). In silico docking studies represented that 11d was binding at colchicine binding site of β-tubulin. Compound 11d emerged as lead molecule from the library of compounds tested and this may serve as a template for further drug discovery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles/pharmacology*; Imidazoles/chemistry
  13. Jainuddin NF, Aliff IC, Chiew SF, Ramli N
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 01;75(1):86-87.
    PMID: 32008029
    A 47-year-old woman with poorly controlled asthma and allergic rhinitis presented with recurrent episodes of bilateral upper eyelid swelling associated with forniceal conjunctival mass for the past 10 years. Routine blood investigations showed raised IgE levels and raised eosinophil counts. The diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) was made following biopsy of the conjunctival mass. The symptoms responded well to oral steroid treatment but recurred following cessation of the therapy. The patient was co-managed with a rheumatologist and the patient currently remains stable and is on oral Methotrexate and low dose oral steroids. Ocular involvement in CSS is unusual but this unique presentation of CSS was successfully managed, and the patient remains in remission.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles/administration & dosage
  14. Yavari S, Sapari NB, Malakahmad A, Razali MAB, Gervais TS, Yavari S
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2020 Jan;104(1):121-127.
    PMID: 31807794 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02759-y
    Analysis of herbicides sorption behavior in soil is critical in predicting their fate and possible harmful side effects in the environment. Application of polar imidazolinone herbicides is growing in tropical agricultural fields. Imidazolinones have high leaching potential and are persistent. In this study, adsorption-desorption of imazapic and imazapyr herbicides were evaluated in different types of Malaysian agricultural soils. Effects of soil parameters were also investigated on the soils' sorption capacities. The adsorption data fitted best to Freundlich isotherm (R2 > 0.991). The herbicides adsorptions were physical and spontaneous processes as ΔG values were negative and below 40 kJ/mol. The adsorption correlated positively with clay content, total organic carbon (TOC) content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). There were strong negative correlations between hysteresis index and these factors indicating their importance in imidazolinones immobilization and, thus, their pollution reduction in the environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles/analysis*
  15. Ruzmi R, Ahmad-Hamdani MS, Mazlan N
    PLoS One, 2020;15(9):e0227397.
    PMID: 32925921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227397
    The continuous and sole dependence on imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides for weedy rice control has led to the evolution of herbicide resistance in weedy rice populations across various countries growing IMI herbicide-resistant rice (IMI-rice), including Malaysia. A comprehensive study was conducted to elucidate occurrence, level, and mechanisms endowing resistance to IMI herbicides in putative resistant (R) weedy rice populations collected from three local Malaysian IMI-rice fields. Seed bioassay and whole-plant dose-response experiments were conducted using commercial IMI herbicides. Based on the resistance index (RI) quantification in both experiments, the cross-resistance pattern of R and susceptible (S) weedy rice populations and control rice varieties (IMI-rice variety MR220CL2 and non-IMI-rice variety MR219) to imazapic and imazapyr was determined. A molecular investigation was carried out by comparing the acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) gene sequences of the R and S populations and the MR220CL2 and MR219 varieties. The AHAS gene sequences of R weedy rice were identical to those of MR220CL2, exhibiting a Ser-653-Asn substitution, which was absent in MR219 and S plants. In vitro assays were conducted using analytical grade IMI herbicides of imazapic (99.3%) and imazapyr (99.6%) at seven different concentrations. The results demonstrated that the AHAS enzyme extracted from the R populations and MR220CL2 was less sensitive to IMI herbicides than that from S and MR219, further supporting that IMI herbicide resistance was conferred by target-site mutation. In conclusion, IMI resistance in the selected populations of Malaysian weedy rice could be attributed to a Ser-653-Asn mutation that reduced the sensitivity of the target site to IMI herbicides. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show the resistance mechanism in weedy rice from Malaysian rice fields.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles/pharmacology
  16. Begum SZ, Nizam NSM, Muhamad A, Saiman MI, Crouse KA, Abdul Rahman MB
    PLoS One, 2020;15(11):e0238147.
    PMID: 33147237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238147
    Laccases, oxidative copper-enzymes found in fungi and bacteria were used as the basis in the design of nona- and tetrapeptides. Laccases are known to be excellent catalysts for the degradation of phenolic xenobiotic waste. However, since solvent extraction of laccases is environmentally-unfriendly and yields obtained are low, they are less preferred compared to synthetic catalysts. The histidine rich peptides were designed based on the active site of laccase extracted from Trametes versicolor through RCSB Protein Data Bank, LOMETS and PyMol software. The peptides were synthesized using Fmoc-solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) with 30-40% yield. These peptides were purified and characterized using LC-MS (purities >75%), FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Synthesized copper(II)-peptides were crystallized and then analyzed spectroscopically. Their structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR. Standards (o,m,p-cresol, 2,4-dichlorophenol) catalysed using laccase from Trametes versicolor (0.66 U/mg) were screened under different temperatures and stirring rate conditions. After optimizing the degradation of the standards with the best reaction conditions reported herein, medications with phenolic and aromatic structures such as ibuprofen, paracetamol (acetaminophen), salbutamol, erythromycin and insulin were screened using laccase (positive control), apo-peptides and copper-peptides. Their activities evaluated using GC-MS, were compared with those of peptide and copper-peptide catalysts. The tetrapeptide was found to have the higher degradation activity towards salbutamol (96.8%) compared with laccase at 42.8%. Ibuprofen (35.1%), salbutamol (52.9%) and erythromycin (49.7%) were reported to have the highest degradation activities using Cu-tetrapeptide as catalyst when compared with the other medications. Consequently, o-cresol (84%) was oxidized by Tp-Cu while the apo-peptides failed to oxidize the cresols. Copper(II)-peptides were observed to have higher catalytic activity compared to their parent peptides and the enzyme laccase for xenobiotic degradation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles/chemistry*
  17. Bee Keng Law, Euginie Tracy Wong, Qiao Wei Liew, Zhi Sam Heng
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a worrying public health issue worldwide. The introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) brings revolution to HCV treatment. Pharmacists’ role in Malaysia is significant since the implementation of Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (MTAC). This study aims to determine the sustained virological response (SVR12) for HCV patients treated with Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir and/or Ribavirin. Besides, it evaluates adherence rate, types of pharmaceutical intervention and physicians’ acceptance rate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles
  18. Suresh Kumar
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the utmost serious infectious diseases worldwide. The emergence of multi- drug resistance demands the development of better or new putative drug targets for tuberculosis. Recent studies sug- gest Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome P450 enzymes as promising drug targets and azole drugs as potential inhibitors. Methods: Various computational tools, like Expasy Protparam, Swiss model, RaptorX and Phyre2 were used to analyze 12 Mycobacterium tuberculosis P450 enzymes and determine their three-dimensional structure. The structural validation was done through a Ramachandran plot using RAMPAGE server. The docking of P450 enzymes with azole drugs was done with autodock ver 4.2.6. Results: Based on sub-cellular localization prediction using CEL- LO tool, P450 enzymes CYP123A1, CYP132A1, CYP135A1, CYP136A1, CYP140A1, and CYP143A1 were predicted to be in the cytoplasm. Through structure assessment by Ramachandran plot, the best homology modelled proteins were docked with azole drugs like clotrimazole, croconazole, econazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, itraconazole, ketaconazole and micronazole by using autodock. By docking method it is identified that ketaconazole drug has a high affinity towards most of the mycobacterium P450 enzymes followed by the itrconazole drug. CYP123A1 enzyme is preferable as a drug target due to high binding affinity towards ketoconazole followed by CYP135A1, CYP140A1 enzymes. Conclusion: This study would help in identifying putative novel drug targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can lead to promising candidates for the optimization and development of novel anti-mycobac- terial agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles
  19. Ishak AA, Selamat J, Sulaiman R, Sukor R, Abdulmalek E, Jambari NN
    Molecules, 2019 Oct 24;24(21).
    PMID: 31652883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213828
    The formation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) was investigated using a kinetic study approach as described by first-order, Arrhenius, and Eyring equations. Chemical model systems with different amino acid precursors (proline, phenylalanine, and glycine) were examined at different times (4, 8, 12, and 16 min) and temperatures (150, 180, 210, 240, and 270 °C). PhIP was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The good fit in first-order suggested that PhIP formation was influenced by the types of amino acids and PhIP concentration significantly increased with time and temperature (up to 240 °C). PhIP was detected in proline and phenylalanine model systems but not in the glycine model system. The phenylalanine model system demonstrated low activation energy (Ea) of 95.36 kJ/mol that resulted in a high rate of PhIP formation (great amount of PhIP formed). Based on the ∆S‡ values both proline and phenylalanine demonstrated bimolecular rate-limiting steps for PhIP formation. Altogether these kinetic results could provide valuable information in predicting the PhIP formation pathway.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles/chemical synthesis*; Imidazoles/chemistry*
  20. Barrio JD, Liu J, Brady RA, Tan CSY, Chiodini S, Ricci M, et al.
    J Am Chem Soc, 2019 09 11;141(36):14021-14025.
    PMID: 31422657 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07506
    The binding of imidazolium salts to cucurbit[8]uril, CB[8], triggers a stepwise self-assembly process with semiflexible polymer chains and crystalline nanostructures as early- and late-stage species, respectively. In such a process, which involves the crystallization of the host-guest complexes, the guest plays a critical role in directing self-assembly toward desirable morphologies. These include platelet-like aggregates and two-dimensional (2D) fibers, which, moreover, exhibit viscoelastic and lyotropic properties. Our observations provide a deeper understanding of the self-assembly of CB[8] complexes, with fundamental implications in the design of functional 2D systems and crystalline materials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles
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