Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 280 in total

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  1. Teo PC, Kassim AY, Thevarajan K
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2013 Dec;21(3):340-6.
    PMID: 24366797
    To propose a novel method to measure the neck shaft angle and anteversion of the femur using anteroposterior and 45-degree oblique radiographs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
  2. Abd Hamid MH, Abdullah S, Ahmad AA, Narin Singh PSG, Soh EZF, Liu CY, et al.
    Cureus, 2021 Jan 23;13(1):e12876.
    PMID: 33633905 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12876
    INTRODUCTION: Distal end radius fractures are common fractures commonly treated with an option of open reduction and plating. Traditionally, plating is performed under general anesthesia (GA) or regional block. Recently, a new technique of plating under wide-awake local anesthesia with no tourniquet (WALANT) has been introduced. We aim to compare the preoperative anxiety level, intraoperative pain scores, post-operative pain scores, operating time, blood loss and clinical outcome of distal end radius plating with WALANT versus GA with tourniquet.

    METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled study on patients with closed fracture of the distal end of the radius requiring open reduction and plating from January 2019 till April 2020. We recruited 65 patients (33 patients in the WALANT group and 32 patients in the GA group). Randomization was done via block randomization. Data were collected to evaluate preoperative anxiety using the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) score, intraoperative pain score during injection (baseline) (V1), 10 minutes after injection (V2), during incision (V3), during gentle manipulation (V4), during aggressive manipulation (V5) and during first drilling of screw (V6), blood loss, duration of surgery and post-operative pain score. Additionally, intraoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score was obtained in the WALANT group. At three weeks, six weeks, three months and six months after operation, the Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) scores and range of motion (ROM) of the wrists were obtained.

    RESULTS: The average age in the WALANT group was 47.19 (range, 36-64) years and GA group was 49.48 (range, 38-60) years. The mean APAIS score obtained was 7.78 (WALANT group) and 7.36 (GA group) with no statistical difference. For intraoperative VAS, only during V4 and V5 were the scores 1/10; otherwise at all other phases, the VAS score was 0. The average time for surgery was statistically longer in the WALANT group (61.22 minutes) compared to the GA group (55.33 minutes) (p = 0.003). There was no statistical difference in mean blood loss in both groups. The average post-operative VAS showed statistical significance only at 1 hour and 12 hours post-operation with no statistical difference at 2 and 24 hours post-operation. There was no difference in the post-operative ROM including wrist flexion, extension, supination and pronation for both groups up to six months' follow-up.

    CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference in terms of preoperative anxiety level, intraoperative and post-operative VAS score, amount of blood loss and clinical outcome in both groups for plating of the distal end radius. However, the operating time was slightly longer in the WALANT group. We conclude that distal radius plating under WALANT has similar outcomes to GA. In centres with limited resources, WALANT offers a safe, reliable and cheaper option, reserving GA time for head, abdominal and thoracic surgery.

    Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
  3. Loh, Li Loong, Wong, Kai Ann, Zamzuri Zakaria@Mohamad
    MyJurnal
    Synovial osteochondromatosis is an unusual, rare and benign tumour. This disease is characteristically monoarticular, most commonly found in knee joint, however it is rarely found in the elbow. A 49-year-old Indian man presented to hospital with a 6-month history of pain, swelling, intermittent locking, loss of range of motion of right elbow and a considerable size of elbow with no recollection of associated trauma. Plain radiographs of right elbow showed numerous radiopaque round and oval loose bodies within the right elbow joints. Computer Tomographic (CT) scan showed multiple bony mass within the right elbow joint. Arthroscopic synovectomy, debridement, excisional biopsy and loose body removal combined with miniarthrotomy of the right elbow was performed due to limited exposure for removal of larger loose bodies. Histopathological examination of the tissue sample is consistent with the diagnosis of synovial osteochondromatosis. The clinical and radiological evaluation at 6th month postoperatively showed marked reduction in the volume of the elbow, further improvement of elbow range of motion of this patient and the Mayo elbow performance score before surgery and at 6 months postoperative, with an increase from 50 to 80 points. Synovial osteochondromatosis of the joints is a rare condition. The signs and symptoms are not specific and may be suggestive of other pathology conditions. Arthroscopic synovectomy and removal of loose body is the standard operative procedure till today. However, combination of arthroscopy and miniarthrotomy in cases of large loose bodies may provide a good clinical and functional outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
  4. Nurulaini, A., Syahnaz, M.H., Shamsul, A.S., Teh Rohaila, J.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(2):133-144.
    MyJurnal
    Gait and balance disorder are among the most common causes of falls in elderly and often lead to injury, disability and loss of independence. However, there might be a discrepancy between elderly’s perception of their own walking ability, balance, risk of fall with doctor’s evaluation. The aim of this study was to compare perception of the elderly’s walking ability, balance and risk of fall with clinical assessment. This cross sectional study was done in a Primary Care Clinic which involved elderly > 60 years using systematic random sampling. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire comprising of sociodemographic data and question assessing their perception of ability of walking, balance and risk of fall. Actual clinical assessment was done using Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment. Most of the participants perceived they had good walking (84.4%) and balance ability (77%). A small proportion (11.5%) agreed that they are at risk of fall. There was a good agreement in walking ability (k: 0.702, p:
    Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
  5. Masjudin T, Kamari Zh
    Malays Orthop J, 2012 Nov;6(3):31-6.
    PMID: 25279053 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1207.0018
    This prospective randomised study was undertaken to compare surgical parameters as well as clinical and radiological outcomes of subvastus (SV) to midvastus (MV) approaches in staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Twenty-three patients, aged 55-76 years, who underwent staged bilateral TKAs, were followed up for 6 months. The SV approach was used on one knee and MV approach on the other. We found similar lateral retinacular release rates and patellar resurfacing rates between the two approaches .The SV approached knees had a more significant blood loss and increased operative time compared to the MV approached knees but they achieved significantly earlier active straightleg raises (SLR) postoperatively (p<0.05 for all). The average postoperative pain, flexion, and Knee Society scores were comparable for both approaches. TKA via SV vs. MV approaches provides comparable satisfactory short-term clinical and radiological outcomes, even though there was slightly more difficulty, more blood loss and longer operative times with the SV approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
  6. Al-Masni MA, Lee S, Al-Shamiri AK, Gho SM, Choi YH, Kim DH
    Comput Biol Med, 2023 Feb;153:106553.
    PMID: 36641933 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106553
    Patient movement during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan can cause severe degradation of image quality. In Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI), several echoes are typically measured during a single repetition period, where the earliest echoes show less contrast between various tissues, while the later echoes are more susceptible to artifacts and signal dropout. In this paper, we propose a knowledge interaction paradigm that jointly learns feature details from multiple distorted echoes by sharing their knowledge with unified training parameters, thereby simultaneously reducing motion artifacts of all echoes. This is accomplished by developing a new scheme that boosts a Single Encoder with Multiple Decoders (SEMD), which assures that the generated features not only get fused but also learned together. We called the proposed method Knowledge Interaction Learning between Multi-Echo data (KIL-ME-based SEMD). The proposed KIL-ME-based SEMD allows to share information and gain an understanding of the correlations between the multiple echoes. The main purpose of this work is to correct the motion artifacts and maintain image quality and structure details of all motion-corrupted echoes towards generating high-resolution susceptibility enhanced contrast images, i.e., SWI, using a weighted average of multi-echo motion-corrected acquisitions. We also compare various potential strategies that might be used to address the problem of reducing artifacts in multi-echoes data. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, reducing the severity of motion artifacts and improving the overall clinical image quality of all echoes with their associated SWI maps. Significant improvement of image quality is observed using both motion-simulated test data and actual volunteer data with various motion severity strengths. Eventually, by enhancing the overall image quality, the proposed network can increase the effectiveness of the physicians' capability to evaluate and correctly diagnose brain MR images.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motion
  7. Saliem AM, Nimir AR, Abdul Kadir FA
    BMJ Case Rep, 2012;2012.
    PMID: 23087269 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006668
    Absence of the distal crease of the fingers is usually associated with a flexion deformity. A single crease of one or more fingers is found in many syndromes. We present this report as a rare case of absence of interphalangeal crease of the right ring finger with restriction of flexion but without any other anomaly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular*
  8. Sulaiman AR, Munajat I, Mohd EF
    J Pediatr Orthop B, 2011 Nov;20(6):366-71.
    PMID: 21716140 DOI: 10.1097/BPB.0b013e32834920df
    Operative treatment for neglected fracture of lateral humeral condyle (LHC) is difficult because of contracted muscle, fibrous tissue formation, and indistinct bony edges. Its success depends on the ability to preserve blood supply during the surgery. We retrospectively reviewed eight cases of neglected fracture of LHC in children treated with open reduction with selected multiple 'V' lengthening of common extensor muscle and internal fixation. The patients were between 3 and 8 years of age. The period of neglect was between 3 and 20 weeks. Four patients with displacement of more than 10 mm and neglect for 5 weeks or more required lengthening of common extensor muscle aponeurosis. The follow-up assessments were between 1 and 6.3 years with a mean of 4.4 years. All patients had union by 2 months. They gained improvement of flexion range of motion between 60° and 120° with a mean of 86.3°. Loss of final range of motion compared with the normal side was between 5° and 35° with a mean of 10°. No patient had limitation of activities or pain. Six cases had excellent and two cases had good Dillon functional score. All patients had lateral condyle prominent with different severities. There was one mild avascular necrosis and one fishtail deformity. Both of them had almost full range of motion. All patients had early physeal closure, except one, who had only 1 year follow-up. There was no case of progressive valgus deformity. Children with neglected fracture of LHC would benefit from anatomical reduction and internal fixation through a proper exposure and if indicated combined with multiple 'V' lengthening of common extensor muscle aponeurosis. This is a level IV study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
  9. Rehman MZ, Zamli KZ, Almutairi M, Chiroma H, Aamir M, Kader MA, et al.
    PLoS One, 2021;16(12):e0259786.
    PMID: 34855771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259786
    Team formation (TF) in social networks exploits graphs (i.e., vertices = experts and edges = skills) to represent a possible collaboration between the experts. These networks lead us towards building cost-effective research teams irrespective of the geolocation of the experts and the size of the dataset. Previously, large datasets were not closely inspected for the large-scale distributions & relationships among the researchers, resulting in the algorithms failing to scale well on the data. Therefore, this paper presents a novel TF algorithm for expert team formation called SSR-TF based on two metrics; communication cost and graph reduction, that will become a basis for future TF's. In SSR-TF, communication cost finds the possibility of collaboration between researchers. The graph reduction scales the large data to only appropriate skills and the experts, resulting in real-time extraction of experts for collaboration. This approach is tested on five organic and benchmark datasets, i.e., UMP, DBLP, ACM, IMDB, and Bibsonomy. The SSR-TF algorithm is able to build cost-effective teams with the most appropriate experts-resulting in the formation of more communicative teams with high expertise levels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motion Pictures as Topic
  10. Al-Qaysi ZT, Zaidan BB, Zaidan AA, Suzani MS
    Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2018 Oct;164:221-237.
    PMID: 29958722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2018.06.012
    CONTEXT: Intelligent wheelchair technology has recently been utilised to address several mobility problems. Techniques based on brain-computer interface (BCI) are currently used to develop electric wheelchairs. Using human brain control in wheelchairs for people with disability has elicited widespread attention due to its flexibility.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the background of recent studies on wheelchair control based on BCI for disability and map the literature survey into a coherent taxonomy. The study intends to identify the most important aspects in this emerging field as an impetus for using BCI for disability in electric-powered wheelchair (EPW) control, which remains a challenge. The study also attempts to provide recommendations for solving other existing limitations and challenges.

    METHODS: We systematically searched all articles about EPW control based on BCI for disability in three popular databases: ScienceDirect, IEEE and Web of Science. These databases contain numerous articles that considerably influenced this field and cover most of the relevant theoretical and technical issues.

    RESULTS: We selected 100 articles on the basis of our inclusion and exclusion criteria. A large set of articles (55) discussed on developing real-time wheelchair control systems based on BCI for disability signals. Another set of articles (25) focused on analysing BCI for disability signals for wheelchair control. The third set of articles (14) considered the simulation of wheelchair control based on BCI for disability signals. Four articles designed a framework for wheelchair control based on BCI for disability signals. Finally, one article reviewed concerns regarding wheelchair control based on BCI for disability signals.

    DISCUSSION: Since 2007, researchers have pursued the possibility of using BCI for disability in EPW control through different approaches. Regardless of type, articles have focused on addressing limitations that impede the full efficiency of BCI for disability and recommended solutions for these limitations.

    CONCLUSIONS: Studies on wheelchair control based on BCI for disability considerably influence society due to the large number of people with disability. Therefore, we aim to provide researchers and developers with a clear understanding of this platform and highlight the challenges and gaps in the current and future studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Motion
  11. Tang, S.H., Khaksar, W., Ismail, N.B., Ariffin, M.K.A.
    MyJurnal
    The ability of a robot to plan its own motion seems pivotal to its autonomy, and that is why the motion planning has become part and parcel of modern intelligent robotics. In this paper, about 100 research are reviewed and briefly described to identify and classify the amount of the existing work for each motion planning approach. Meanwhile, around 200 research were used to determine the percentage of the application of each approach. The paper includes comparative tables and charts showing the application frequency of each approach in the last 30 years. Finally, some open areas and challenging topics are presented based on the reviewed papers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motion
  12. Seow CC, Chow PK, Khong KS
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1999 Mar;28(2):231-6.
    PMID: 10497673
    Joint hypermobility is a clinical entity that has been little studied in Southeast Asia in contrast to the many studies that have been conducted in the West. A pioneer study was conducted in Singapore involving 306 subjects from the three major races i.e. Chinese, Malays and Indians. Their ages ranged from 15 to 39 years. The objective was to ascertain the joint mobility profile in a study sample representative of the Singapore population and the prevalence of joint hypermobility amongst normal individuals. Joint mobility was assessed using criteria according to Carter and Wilkinson modified by Beighton et al. The distribution of the three major races in the study sample was based on the 1990 census of the Singapore population. The prevalence of joint hypermobility was found to be 17%. The results showed that joint mobility decreases with age and that females had consistently higher degree of joint mobility compared to males throughout the age group. Among the racial groups, Malays had the highest degree of joint mobility followed by Indians and Chinese.
    Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular/physiology*
  13. Amiri-Khorasani M, Abu Osman NA, Yusof A
    J Strength Cond Res, 2011 Jun;25(6):1647-52.
    PMID: 21358428 DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181db9f41
    The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching within a pre-exercise warm-up on hip dynamic range of motion (DROM) during instep kicking in professional soccer players. The kicking motions of dominant legs were captured from 18 professional adult male soccer players (height: 180.38 ± 7.34 cm; mass: 69.77 ± 9.73 kg; age: 19.22 ± 1.83 years) using 4 3-dimensional digital video cameras at 50 Hz. Hip DROM at backward, forward, and follow-through phases (instep kick phases) after different warm-up protocols consisting of static, dynamic, and no-stretching on 3 nonconsecutive test days were captured for analysis. During the backswing phase, there was no difference in DROM after the dynamic stretching compared with the static stretching relative to the no-stretching method. There was a significant difference in DROM after the dynamic stretching compared with the static stretching relative to the no-stretching method during (a) the forward phase with p < 0.03, (b) the follow-through phase with p < 0.01, and (c) all phases with p < 0.01. We concluded that professional soccer players can perform a higher DROM of the hip joint during the instep kick after dynamic stretching incorporated in warm-ups, hence increasing the chances of scoring and injury prevention during soccer games.
    Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular/physiology*
  14. Lim PK, Ng SC, Lovell NH, Yu YP, Tan MP, McCombie D, et al.
    Physiol Meas, 2018 10 11;39(10):105005.
    PMID: 30183675 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aadf1e
    OBJECTIVE: The photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, commonly used in the healthcare settings, is easily affected by movement artefact leading to errors in the extracted heart rate and SpO2 estimates. This study aims to develop an online artefact detection system based on adaptive (dynamic) template matching, suitable for continuous PPG monitoring during daily living activities or in the intensive care units (ICUs).

    APPROACH: Several master templates are initially generated by applying principal component analysis to data obtained from the PhysioNet MIMIC II database. The master template is then updated with each incoming clean PPG pulse. The correlation coefficient is used to classify the PPG pulse into either good or bad quality categories. The performance of our algorithm was evaluated using data obtained from two different sources: (i) our own data collected from 19 healthy subjects using the wearable Sotera Visi Mobile system (Sotera Wireless Inc.) as they performed various movement types; and (ii) ICU data provided by the PhysioNet MIMIC II database. The developed algorithm was evaluated against a manually annotated 'gold standard' (GS).

    MAIN RESULTS: Our algorithm achieved an overall accuracy of 91.5%  ±  2.9%, with a sensitivity of 94.1%  ±  2.7% and a specificity of 89.7%  ±  5.1%, when tested on our own data. When applying the algorithm to data from the PhysioNet MIMIC II database, it achieved an accuracy of 98.0%, with a sensitivity and specificity of 99.0% and 96.1%, respectively.

    SIGNIFICANCE: The proposed method is simple and robust against individual variations in the PPG characteristics, thus making it suitable for a diverse range of datasets. Integration of the proposed artefact detection technique into remote monitoring devices could enhance reliability of the PPG-derived physiological parameters.

    Matched MeSH terms: Motion
  15. Zhao J, Tien HY, Abdullah S, Zhang Z
    Plast Reconstr Surg, 2010 Dec;126(6):2052-2059.
    PMID: 21124145 DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181f44994
    BACKGROUND: Second toe-to-thumb transfer is a good alternative to using the great toe for reconstruction of the thumb. It achieves excellent function and reduces morbidity to the donor foot. However, cosmesis is often poor. The second toe has three unattractive features, a narrow "neck," a bulbous tip, and a short nail.

    METHODS: The authors describe a modified second toe transfer that addresses cosmesis in six patients. These include (1) harvesting a flap from the adjacent side of the great toe and insetting it into the volar aspect of the second toe to give more bulk, (2) making skin excisions on each side of the tip to reduce the bulbous appearance, and (3) excising the eponychium to produce apparent lengthening of the nail.

    RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 18 months (range, 6 to 36 months). The procedure resulted in good function and improved cosmesis in all six cases. Part of the great toe flap was lost in one case. The mean two-point discrimination in the transferred toes was 10.1 mm, with protective sensation present in the flaps. The range of motion of the transferred toe was 14 to 38 degrees at the metatarsophalangeal joint, 16 to 55 degrees at the proximal interphalangeal joints, and 20 to 36 degrees in the distal interphalangeal joints. All patients except one were happy with the appearance of the transferred toe.

    CONCLUSION: This novel approach will allow patients to take advantage of the lower morbidity to the donor site afforded by second toe-to-thumb transfer and provide the patients with a more aesthetic appearance of the new thumb.

    Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular/physiology
  16. Ravanfar SA, Razak HA, Ismail Z, Monajemi H
    Sensors (Basel), 2015;15(9):22750-75.
    PMID: 26371005 DOI: 10.3390/s150922750
    This paper reports on a two-step approach for optimally determining the location and severity of damage in beam structures under flexural vibration. The first step focuses on damage location detection. This is done by defining the damage index called relative wavelet packet entropy (RWPE). The damage severities of the model in terms of loss of stiffness are assessed in the second step using the inverse solution of equations of motion of a structural system in the wavelet domain. For this purpose, the connection coefficient of the scaling function to convert the equations of motion in the time domain into the wavelet domain is applied. Subsequently, the dominant components based on the relative energies of the wavelet packet transform (WPT) components of the acceleration responses are defined. To obtain the best estimation of the stiffness parameters of the model, the least squares error minimization is used iteratively over the dominant components. Then, the severity of the damage is evaluated by comparing the stiffness parameters of the identified model before and after the occurrence of damage. The numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust and effective for the determination of damage location and accurate estimation of the loss in stiffness due to damage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motion
  17. Khalid Md. Nor, Ithnin Abdul Jalil, Hassan Abu Kasim
    The relativistic Schrodinger equation is reinterpreted as describing a classical particle that mutually-interacts with other objects via electromagnetic-like gravity waves. The accompanying derivation equates the usual quantum mechanical energy and momentum operators to the effects of negative or attractive energy. Lorentz-like transformation equations are obtained that yield the uncertainty principle such that quantum uncertainty is ascribed to the disregard of a magnetic-like component of a gravity wave. Finally, quantum-level Maxwell-like equations that involve the above gravity waves are derived.
    Persamaan Schrodinger kerelatifan ditafsirkan sebagai memperihalkan suatu zarah klasik yang berinteraksi dengan jasad-jasad lain melalui gelombang graviti yang berciri keelektromagnetan. Terbitan sampingan menyamakan pengoperasi-pengeoperasi tenaga dan momentum mekanik kuantum dengan kesan-kesan tenaga negatif atau tarikan. Persamaan-persamaan bermirip transformasi Lorentz diperolehi yang menerbitkan prinsip ketakpastian dan memberi ketakpastian kuantum sebagai kesan pengabaian bahagian gelombang graviti yang bermirip kemagnetan. Akhir sekali, persamaan-persamaan diparas kuntum yang bermirip persamaan-persamaan Maxwell diterbitkan dan melibatkan gelombang graviti yang tersebut di atas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motion
  18. Yeak RDK, Yap YY, Nizlan NM
    JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc, 2020 Dec 31;58(232):1083-1085.
    PMID: 34506395 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.5224
    Quadriceps tendon rupture usually occurs in adults and is rare in children. A six-year-old boy was playing at home and had a fall. He was unable to extend his right knee but there was no gap felt over the patella tendon or quadriceps. He was first seen by a family doctor and presented late to the surgeon three months after the injury. Radiographs and ultrasound were performed. The magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the findings of partial quadriceps tear. The patient was put in a cylinder case with the knee in extension for two months. Six months post-injury, he regained full range of motion without any complications. We present an unusual case of partial quadriceps tear in an otherwise healthy six-year-old boy that was treated successfully despite a delayed presentation. Besides a high index of suspicion, magnetic resonance imaging is a good modality to detect partial quadriceps tear in children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
  19. Islam A, Sundaraj K, Ahmad RB, Sundaraj S, Ahamed NU, Ali MA
    Muscle Nerve, 2015 Jun;51(6):899-906.
    PMID: 25204740 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24454
    In this study, we analyzed the crosstalk in mechanomyographic (MMG) signals generated by the extensor digitorum (ED), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscles of the forearm during wrist flexion (WF) and extension (WE) and radial (RD) and ulnar (UD) deviations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular/physiology*
  20. Lund LA, Omar Z, Khan I
    Heliyon, 2019 Mar;5(3):e01345.
    PMID: 30949601 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01345
    This study investigates the numerical solutions of MHD boundary layer and heat transfer of the Williamson fluid flow on the exponentially vertical shrinking sheet, having variable thickness and thermal conductivity under effects of the velocity and thermal slip parameters. It is also assumed that shrinking/stretching velocity, as well as the wall temperature, has the exponential function form. In this study, the continuity, momentum and energy equations with buoyancy parameter and Hartmann number are incorporated especially in the Williamson fluid flow case. Similarity transformation variables have been employed to formulate the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from partial differential equations (PDEs). The resultant ODEs are solved by shooting method with Runge Kutta of fourth order method in Maple software. The effects of the different applied non-dimensional physical parameters on the boundary layer and heat transfer flow problems are presented in graphs. The effects of Williamson parameter, Prandtl number, and slip parameters on velocity and temperature profiles have been thoroughly demonstrated and discussed. The numerical results show that the buoyancy force and the slip parameters contribute to the occurrence of the dual solutions on the boundary layer and heat transfer flow problems. Furthermore, the stability analysis suggests that the first solution is stable and physically possible.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motion
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