Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 892 in total

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  1. Hassani A, Hussain SA, Abdullah N, Kamarudin S, Rosli R
    AAPS PharmSciTech, 2019 Jan 07;20(2):53.
    PMID: 30617521 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1238-2
    Orotic acid (OA) nanoparticles were prepared using the freeze-drying method. The antihypertensive activity and antioxidant capacity of OA and orotic acid-loaded gum arabic nanoparticles (OAGANPs) were examined using the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), and β-carotene assays, as well as the quantification of total phenolic content (TPC). The DPPH and NO scavenging activities of OAGANPs were significantly higher than those of the OA solution. The β-carotene bleaching assay of OAGANPs showed a dose-dependent trend, while 500 μg/ml was significantly more effective than the other concentrations, which exerted 63.4% of the antioxidant activity. The in vitro antihypertensive assay revealed that the OAGANPs exhibited the most potent ACE inhibition activity, when compared to the OA solution. Hence, results revealed the potential of preparing the OA as a nanoparticle formulation in enhancing the antioxidant and antihypertensive properties compared to the OA solution.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  2. Wei LS, Wee W, Siong JY, Syamsumir DF
    Acta Med Iran, 2011;49(10):670-4.
    PMID: 22071643
    Peperomia pellucida leaf extract was characterized for its anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities, and chemical compositions. Anticancer activity of P. pellucida leaf extract was determined through Colorimetric MTT (tetrazolium) assay against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line and the antimicrobial property of the plant extract was revealed by using two-fold broth micro-dilution method against 10 bacterial isolates. Antioxidant activity of the plant extract was then characterized using α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method and the chemical compositions were screened and identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of present study indicated that P. pellucida leaf extract possessed anticancer activities with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 10.4 ± 0.06 µg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were ranged from 31.25 to 125 mg/l in which the plant extract was found to inhibit the growth of Edwardsiella tarda, Escherichia coli, Flavobacterium sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae at 31.25 mg/l; Klebsiella sp., Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio alginolyticus at 62.5 mg/l; and it was able to control the growth of Salmonella sp. and Vibrio parahaemolyticus at 125 mg/l. At the concentration of 0.625 ppt, the plant extract was found to inhibit 30% of DPPH, free radical. Phytol (37.88%) was the major compound in the plant extract followed by 2-Naphthalenol, decahydro- (26.20%), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (18.31%) and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (17.61%). Findings from this study indicated that methanol extract of P. pellucida leaf possessed vast potential as medicinal drug especially in breast cancer treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  3. Ahmad MA, Lim YH, Chan YS, Hsu CY, Wu TY, Sit NW
    Acta Pharm, 2022 Jun 01;72(2):317-328.
    PMID: 36651512 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0013
    This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of the leaf extracts of Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. (Myrtaceae). The results indicate that the leaf extracts of S. myrtifolium contain various classes of phytochemicals (alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids) and possess antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. Ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and water extracts exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) oxygen radical absorbance capacity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power than the hexane and chloroform extracts. However, all extracts exhibited stronger inhibitory activity against four tested species of yeasts (minimal inhibitory concentration: 0.02-0.31 mg mL-1) than against six tested species of bacteria (minimal inhibitory concentration: 0.16-1.25 mg mL-1). The ethanolic extract offered the highest protection of Vero cells (viability > 70 %) from the cytopathic effect caused by the Chikungunya virus while the ethyl acetate extract showed significant replication inhibitory activity against the virus (p < 0.001) using the replicon-enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  4. Li KS, Ali A, Muhammad II
    Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment, 2017 Jul-Sep;16(3):283-292.
    PMID: 29055976 DOI: 10.17306/J.AFS.0497
    BACKGROUND: Perah seed is one of the most underutilized oilseeds, containing high nutritional values and high percentage of α-linoleneic acid, which may have a high potential in food and pharmaceutical applica- tions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of microwave (MW) cooking on the proximate composition and antioxidant activity of perah seeds.

    METHODS: In this study, the proximate composition and amygdalin concentration of MW ir- radiated perah seeds were determined. The total phenolic content (TPC), Maillard reaction products (MRPs) and antioxidant activity of methanol (PME), 70% methanol in water (PMW), ethanol (PEE), 70% ethanol  in water (PEW) extracts and methanol extract of oil (PMO) were evaluated during MW cooking. The anti- oxidant activity was evaluated using multiple assays, namely DPPH radical scavenging activity, β-Carotene bleaching assay, and reducing power.

    RESULTS: Microwave cooking did not significantly increase crude lipid and carbohydrate content, and the amounts of other nutrients such as ash, crude protein and fibre remained almost unchanged. As evaluated  by HPLC, the amygdalin concentration in the seeds was reduced by MW cooking. The TPC, MRP and anti- oxidant activity of the solvent extracts of perah seeds increased significantly with increasing roasting time. Of all the extracts, PMW at all MW cooking times displayed the highest antioxidant effectiveness. However, thermal treatment significantly reduced the antioxidant properties of PMO. The values for TPC, MRP and antioxidant effectiveness of the samples were ranked in the following order: PMW > PEW > PME > PEE > PMO, in both control and microwaved samples.

    CONCLUSIONS: In determining the overall quality of the products, MW cooking time was found to be a critical factor. Solubilization of phenolic compounds and formation of MRPs during MW cooking could have caused the increase in antioxidant activity of the perah seeds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  5. Sasidharan S, Chen Y, Saravanan D, Sundram KM, Yoga Latha L
    PMID: 22238476
    Natural products from medicinal plants, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads because of the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. Due to an increasing demand for chemical diversity in screening programs, seeking therapeutic drugs from natural products, interest particularly in edible plants has grown throughout the world. Botanicals and herbal preparations for medicinal usage contain various types of bioactive compounds. The focus of this paper is on the analytical methodologies, which include the extraction, isolation and characterization of active ingredients in botanicals and herbal preparations. The common problems and key challenges in the extraction, isolation and characterization of active ingredients in botanicals and herbal preparations are discussed. As extraction is the most important step in the analysis of constituents present in botanicals and herbal preparations, the strengths and weaknesses of different extraction techniques are discussed. The analysis of bioactive compounds present in the plant extracts involving the applications of common phytochemical screening assays, chromatographic techniques such as HPLC and, TLC as well as non-chromatographic techniques such as immunoassay and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  6. Reddy BS, Rao NR, Vijeepallam K, Pandy V
    PMID: 28480421 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i3.11
    BACKGROUND: Tragia belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae which contains about 152 species. Interestingly, most of the earlier investigations have been done using only five Tragia species, namely, Tragia involucrata, Tragia cannabina, Tragia spathulata, Tragia plukenetii, and Tragia benthamii. The objective of the present review is to compile the phytochemical, pharmacological and biological studies of the selected five Tragia species reported in the literature.

    METHODS: The reported data/information was retrieved mainly from the online databases of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and Botanical Survey of India.

    RESULTS: The present review elaborated the phytochemical, pharmacological and biological properties of the selected five Tragia species obtained from recent literature.

    CONCLUSION: This review provides a basis for future investigation of Tragia species and, especially for those species that have not been explored for biological and pharmacological activities.

    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  7. Zainal-Abidin MH, Hayyan M, Hayyan A, Jayakumar NS
    Anal Chim Acta, 2017 08 01;979:1-23.
    PMID: 28599704 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.012
    With the rapid development of ionic liquid analogues, termed 'deep eutectic solvents' (DESs), and their application in a wide range of chemical and biochemical processes in the past decade, the extraction of bioactive compounds has attracted significant interest. Recently, numerous studies have explored the extraction of bioactive compounds using DESs from diverse groups of natural sources, including animal and plant sources. This review summarizes the-state-of-the-art effort dedicated to the application of DESs in the extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this review also was to introduce conventional and recently-developed extraction techniques, with emphasis on the use of DESs as potential extractants for various bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acid, flavonoids, tanshinone, keratin, tocols, terpenoids, carrageenans, xanthones, isoflavones, α-mangostin, genistin, apigenin, and others. In the near future, DESs are expected to be used extensively for the extraction of bioactive compounds from various sources.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry*
  8. Philipp AA, Wissenbach DK, Weber AA, Zapp J, Maurer HH
    Anal Bioanal Chem, 2011 Mar;399(8):2747-53.
    PMID: 21249338 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4660-9
    Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom) is currently used as a drug of abuse. When monitoring its abuse in urine, several alkaloids and their metabolites must be considered. In former studies, mitragynine (MG), its diastereomer speciogynine (SG), and paynantheine and their metabolites could be identified in rat and human urine using LC-MS(n). In Kratom users' urines, besides MG and SG, further isomeric compounds were detected. To elucidate whether the MG and SG diastereomer speciociliatine (SC) and its metabolites represent further compounds, the phase I and II metabolites of SC were identified first in rat urine after the administration of the pure alkaloid. Then, the identified rat metabolites were screened for in the urine of Kratom users using the above-mentioned LC-MS(n) procedure. Considering the mass spectra and retention times, it could be confirmed that SC and its metabolites are so far the unidentified isomers in human urine. In conclusion, SC and its metabolites can be used as further markers for Kratom use, especially by consumption of raw material or products that contain a high amount of fruits of the Malaysian plant M. speciosa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  9. Al-Samarrai G, Singh H, Syarhabil M
    Ann Agric Environ Med, 2012;19(4):673-6.
    PMID: 23311787
    Fungicides are widely used in conventional agriculture to control plant diseases. Prolonged usage often poses health problems as modern society is becoming more health-conscious. Penicillium digitatum, the cause of citrus green mould, is an important postharvest pathogen which causes serious losses annually. The disease is currently managed with synthetic fungicides. There is, however, a growing concern globally about the continuous use of synthetic chemicals on food crops because of their potential effects on human health and the environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry*
  10. Abu N, Ali NM, Ho WY, Yeap SK, Aziz MY, Alitheen NB
    Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2014 Jun;14(5):750-5.
    PMID: 24164045
    The Noni fruit, or scientifically known as Morinda citrifolia can be found in various parts of the world, especially in the pacific region. It is a small evergreen bushy-like tree originated from the Rubiaceae family. The plant has been used by polynesians as a medicinal herb for more than 2000 years. A substantial amount of phytochemicals can be found in the roots of this plant. Among all, damnacanthal has been found to be the most interesting, versatile and potent compound. Damnacanthal or chemically known as,3- hydroxy-1-methoxyanthraquinone-2-caboxaldehyde (C16H10O5), appears as pale yellow crystals with a melting point of 210-211 °C. This compound is of particular interest due to its striking pharmacological properties. Damnacanthal was shown to inhibit the oncogene Ras, p56lck tyrosine kinase, NF-KB pathway and induce apoptosis in vitro. This review aims to discuss the biological properties of damnacanthal, specifically on its anti-cancer activity that has been reported.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  11. Khatoon S, Kalam N, Balasubramaniam VR, Shaikh MF, Ansari MT
    Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2022;22(20):3325-3342.
    PMID: 35578854 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220516142839
    Ocimum sanctum is a sacred herb of India and is commonly known as 'Tulsi' or 'Holy Basil' in regional languages of the country. Various parts of O. sanctum are recognised to have remarkable therapeutic efficacy, and are therefore used in Indian traditional medicine system, Ayurveda. Scientific studies have shown that O. sanctum has a range of pharmacological activities. The presence of a substantial amount of polyphenols in O. sanctum could be the reason for its excellent bioactivity. Polyphenols are used to prevent or treat oncologic diseases due to their anti-cancer effects, which are related to activation of apoptotic signaling, cell cycle arrest, binding ability with membrane receptors, and potential effects on immunomodulation and epigenetic mechanisms. The poor bioavailability of polyphenols restricts their clinical use. The application of nanonization has been implemented to improve their bioavailability, penetrability, and prolong their anticancer action. The present review analyses the recent preclinical studies related to the chemo-preventive and therapeutic potential of polyphenols present in O. sanctum. Moreover, the current article also examines in-depth the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the antineoplastic actions of the considered polyphenols.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  12. Mohamad Rosdi MN, Mohd Arif S, Abu Bakar MH, Razali SA, Mohamed Zulkifli R, Ya'akob H
    Apoptosis, 2018 01;23(1):27-40.
    PMID: 29204721 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1434-7
    Annona muricata Linn or usually identified as soursop is a potential anticancer plant that has been widely reported to contain valuable chemopreventive agents known as annonaceous acetogenins. The antiproliferative and anticancer activities of this tropical and subtropical plant have been demonstrated in cell culture and animal studies. A. muricata L. exerts inhibition against numerous types of cancer cells, involving multiple mechanism of actions such as apoptosis, a programmed cell death that are mainly regulated by Bcl-2 family of proteins. Nonetheless, the binding mode and the molecular interactions of the plant's bioactive constituents have not yet been unveiled for most of these mechanisms. In the current study, we aim to elucidate the binding interaction of ten bioactive phytochemicals of A. muricata L. to three Bcl-2 family of antiapoptotic proteins viz. Bcl-2, Bcl-w and Mcl-1 using an in silico molecular docking analysis software, Autodock 4.2. The stability of the complex with highest affinity was evaluated using MD simulation. We compared the docking analysis of these substances with pre-clinical Bcl-2 inhibitor namely obatoclax. The study identified the potential chemopreventive agent among the bioactive compounds. We also characterized the important interacting residues of protein targets which involve in the binding interaction. Results displayed that anonaine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, showed a high affinity towards the Bcl-2, thus indicating that this compound is a potent inhibitor of the Bcl-2 antiapoptotic family of proteins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  13. Jalal TK, Ahmed IA, Mikail M, Momand L, Draman S, Isa ML, et al.
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2015 Apr;175(7):3231-43.
    PMID: 25649443 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1499-0
    Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) pulp, peel and whole fruit were extracted with various solvents such as hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol. The antioxidant activity of these extracts were examined using the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test. IC50 was 55 ± 5.89 μg/ml for the pulp part of methanol extract. In the β-carotene bleaching assay, the antioxidant activity was 90.02 ± 1.51 % for the positive control (Trolox) and 88.34 ± 1.31 % for the pulp part of the fruit methanol extract. The total phenolic content of the crude extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure; methanol pulp part demonstrated the highest phenol content value of 781 ± 52.97 mg GAE/g of dry sample. While the total flavonoid content was determined using the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay, the highest value of 6213.33 ± 142.22 mg QE/g was indicated by pulp part of the fruit methanol extract. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts was tested using disc diffusion method against pathogenic microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans. Methanol extract of pulp part was recorded to have the highest zone of inhibition against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and MBC/minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) for the extracts were also determined using the microdilution method ranging from 4000 to 63 μg/ml against pathogenic microbes. The MBC/MFC values varied from 250 to 4000 μg/ml. A correlation between antioxidant activity assays, antimicrobial activity and phenolic content was established. The results shows that the various parts of A. altilis fruit extracts promising antioxidant activities have potential bioactivities due to high content of phenolic compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  14. Mohammad Noor HS, Ismail NH, Kasim N, Mediani A, Mohd Zohdi R, Ali AM, et al.
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2020 Sep;192(1):1-21.
    PMID: 32215848 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03304-y
    Patients are turning into herbs for the management of diabetes, which cause increasing in the demand of plant-based alternative medicines. Ficus deltoidea or locally known as "Mas Cotek" in Malaysia is a famous herbal plant. However, many varieties of F. deltoidea existed with varied antidiabetic activities inspire us to evaluate in vivo antidiabetic activity of the most available varieties of F. deltoidea. Therefore, antihyperglycemic effect of different varieties of F. deltoidea at dose 250 mg/kg was evaluated on streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats and further assessed their urinary metabolites using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The hyperglycemic blood level improved towards normoglycemic state after 30 days of treatment with standardized extracts of F. deltoidea var. trengganuensis, var. kunstleri, and var. intermedia. The extracts also significantly managed the biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. Metabolomics results showed these varieties were able to manage the altered metabolites of diabetic rats by shifting some of the metabolites back to their normal state. This knowledge might be very important in suggesting the use of these herbs in long-term treatment for diabetes. The most potential variety can be recommended, which may be useful for further pharmacological studies and herbal authentication processes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  15. R R
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2022 Jan;194(1):176-186.
    PMID: 34762268 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03742-2
    Hellenia speciosa (J.Koenig) S.R. Dutta is a plant species belonging to the family Costaceae. It is widely distributed in China, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, tropical, and subtropical Asia. In Ayurveda, the rhizome of this plant has been extensively used to treat fever, rash, asthma, bronchitis, and intestinal worms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents of the leaf of Hellenia speciosa using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 17 phytochemical components in the ethanolic leaf extract of Hellenia speciosa. The prevailing bioactive compounds present in Hellenia speciosa were thymol (RT-10.019; 3.59%), caryophyllene (RT-11.854; 0.62%), caryophyllene oxide (RT-13.919; 1.34%), artumerone (RT-14.795; 1.35%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (RT-17.536; 2.77%), 9,12-octadecanoic acid methyl ester (RT-19.163; 1.35%), squalene (RT-24.980; 1.19%), piperine (RT-25.745; 3.11%), beta tocopherol (RT-26.681; 2.88%), vitamin E (RT-27.290; 2.64%), progesterone (RT-29.608; 3.18%), caparratriene (RT-29.861; 9.72%), and testosterone (RT-30.73; 5.81%). The compounds were identified by comparing their retention time and peak area with that of the literature and by interpretation of mass spectra. The results and findings of the present study suggest that the plant leaf can be used as a valuable source in the field of herbal drug discovery. The presence of bioactive compounds justifies the use of plant leaves for treating various diseases with fewer side effects and recommended the plant of pharmaceutical importance. However, further studies are needed to undertake its bioactivity and toxicity profile.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry*
  16. Chabattula SC, Gupta PK, Govarthanan K, Varadaraj S, Rayala SK, Chakraborty D, et al.
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2024 Jan;196(1):382-399.
    PMID: 37133677 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04555-1
    Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have played an important role as nano-drug delivery systems during cancer therapy in recent years. These NPs can carry cancer therapeutic agents. Due to this, they are considered a promising ancillary to traditional cancer therapies. Among inorganic NPs, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) NPs have been extensively utilized in cellular imaging, gene/drug delivery, anti-microbial, and anti-cancerous applications. In this study, a rapid and cost-effective method was used to synthesize Nat-ZnO NPs using the floral extract of the Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Nat) plant. Nat-ZnO NPs were physicochemically characterized and tested further on in vitro cancer models. The average hydrodynamic diameter (Zaverage) and the net surface charge of Nat-ZnO NPs were 372.5 ± 70.38 d.nm and -7.03 ± 0.55 mV, respectively. Nat-ZnO NPs exhibited a crystalline nature. HR-TEM analysis showed the triangular shape of NPs. Furthermore, Nat-ZnO NPs were also found to be biocompatible and hemocompatible when tested on mouse fibroblast cells and RBCs. Later, the anti-cancer activity of Nat-ZnO NPs was tested on lung and cervical cancer cells. These NPs displayed potent anti-cancer activity and induced programmed cell death in cancer cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  17. Chabattula SC, Patra B, Gupta PK, Govarthanan K, Rayala SK, Chakraborty D, et al.
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2024 Feb;196(2):1058-1078.
    PMID: 37318689 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04582-y
    Metal/Metal Oxide nanoparticles (M/MO NPs) exhibit potential biomedical applications due to their tunable physicochemical properties. Recently, the biogenic synthesis of M/MO NPs has gained massive attention due to their economical and eco-friendly nature. In the present study, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Nat) flower extract-derived Zinc Ferrite NPs (Nat-ZnFe2O4 NPs) were synthesized and physicochemically characterized by FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, DLS, and other instruments to study their crystallinity, size, shape, net charge, presence of phytocompounds on NP's surface and several other features. The average particle size of Nat-ZnFe2O4 NPs was approx. 25.87 ± 5.67 nm. XRD results showed the crystalline nature of Nat-ZnFe2O4 NPs. The net surface charge on NPs was -13.28 ± 7.18 mV. When tested on mouse fibroblasts and human RBCs, these NPs were biocompatible and hemocompatible. Later, these Nat-ZnFe2O4 NPs exhibited potent anti-neoplastic activity against pancreatic, lung, and cervical cancer cells. In addition, NPs induced apoptosis in tested cancer cells through ROS generation. These in vitro studies confirmed that Nat-ZnFe2O4 NPs could be used for cancer therapy. Moreover, further studies are recommended on ex vivo platforms for future clinical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  18. Salleh WM, Ahmad F, Yen KH
    Arch Pharm Res, 2015 Apr;38(4):485-93.
    PMID: 25098422 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0460-z
    The present study aimed to examine the chemical compositions of the essential oils of Beilschmiedia madang and their antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities. The major constituents of the essential oils of leaf and bark of B. madang were δ-cadinene (17.0 and 20.5 %), β-caryophyllene (10.3 and 6.7 %), α-cubebene (11.3 and 15.6 %), and α-cadinol (5.8 and 10.6 %). The essential oils were screened for their antioxidant activities using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching, and total phenolic content. The bark oil showed the highest β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching (90.3 % ± 0.2) and DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 212.0 µg/mL), while the highest phenolic content was exhibited by the leaf oil (94.5 % ± 0.3 mg GA/g). The antibacterial and antifungal activities were investigated by the disc diffusion and micro dilution method. The leaf and bark oils showed moderate activity towards Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value 125 µg/mL. For antifungal assay, the bark oil showed strong activity towards Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus with MIC value 62.5 µg/mL. Anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities were evaluated against Ellman method and mushroom tyrosinase, respectively. The results showed that leaf oil gave significant percentage inhibition (I%: acetylcholinesterase 55.2 %, butyrylcholinesterase 60.4 %, tyrosinase 53.1 %).
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry*
  19. Hossan MS, Fatima A, Rahmatullah M, Khoo TJ, Nissapatorn V, Galochkina AV, et al.
    Arch Virol, 2018 Aug;163(8):2121-2131.
    PMID: 29633078 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3842-6
    Viral respiratory infections are raising serious concern globally. Asian medicinal plants could be useful in improving the current treatment strategies for influenza. The present study examines the activity of five plants from Bangladesh against influenza virus. MDCK cells infected with influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) were treated with increasing concentrations of ethyl acetate extracts, and their cytotoxicity (CC50), virus-inhibiting activity (IC50), and selectivity index (SI) were calculated. The ethyl acetate extract of fruits of Embelia ribes Burm. f. (Myrsinaceae) had the highest antiviral activity, with an IC50 of 0.2 µg/mL and a SI of 32. Its major constituent, embelin, was further isolated and tested against the same virus. Embelin demonstrated antiviral activity, with an IC50 of 0.3 µM and an SI of 10. Time-of-addition experiments revealed that embelin was most effective when added at early stages of the viral life cycle (0-1 h postinfection). Embelin was further evaluated against a panel of influenza viruses including influenza A and B viruses that were susceptible or resistant to rimantadine and oseltamivir. Among the viruses tested, avian influenza virus A/mallard/Pennsylvania/10218/84 (H5N2) was the most susceptible to embelin (SI = 31), while A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) virus was the most resistant (SI = 5). In silico molecular docking showed that the binding site for embelin is located in the receptor-binding domain of the viral hemagglutinin. The results of this study provide evidence that E. ribes can be used for development of a novel alternative anti-influenza plant-based agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  20. Li L, Zhang W, Desikan Seshadri VD, Cao G
    Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 2019 Dec;47(1):3029-3036.
    PMID: 31328556 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1642902
    Nowadays, the synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from plant based extracts and effects of their anticancer have concerned an important interest. Marsdenia tenacissima (MT), a conventional Chinese herbal medicine, has long been used for thousands of years to treat tracheitis, asthma, rheumatism, etc. In this present study, we optimize the reaction of parameters to manage the nanoparticle size, which was categorized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). A different characterization method, for example, UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to consider the synthesized AuNPs getting from the MT leaf extract. The MT-AuNPs were analyzed for their cytotoxicity property against HepG2 cells by MTT analysis. The apoptosis was evaluated by using reactive oxygen species (ROS), migration assay, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and apoptotic protein expression. Interestingly, the findings of our study observed the cytotoxicity effect of synthesized MT-AuNPs at a concentration of 59.62 ± 4.37 μg after 24 hrs treatment. Apoptosis was induced by the MT-AuNPs with enhanced ROS, changed MMP and inhibit the migration assay. Finally, the apoptosis was confirmed by the considerable up-regulation of Bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3, while the anti-apoptotic protein expressions of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL were down-regulated. Although, in this studies, we evaluated the characterization, synthesis and anticancer action of gold nanoparticles from MT (MT-AuNPS) helpful for liver cancer therapeutics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
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