Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 363 in total

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  1. Musa MA, Idrus S, Harun MR, Tuan Mohd Marzuki TF, Abdul Wahab AM
    PMID: 31906118 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010283
    Cattle slaughterhouses generate wastewater that is rich in organic contaminant and nutrients, which is considered as high strength wastewater with a high potential for energy recovery. Work was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of the 12 L laboratory scale conventional and a modified upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors (conventional, R1 and modified, R2), for treatment of cattle slaughterhouse wastewater (CSWW) under mesophilic condition (35 ± 1 °C). Both reactors were acclimated with synthetic wastewater for 30 days, then continuous study with real CSWW proceeds. The reactors were subjected to the same loading condition of OLR, starting from 1.75, 3, 5 10, 14, and 16 g L-1d-1, corresponding to 3.5, 6, 10, 20, 28, and 32 g COD/L at constant hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h. The performance of the R1 reactor drastically dropped at OLR 10 g L-1d-1, and this significantly affected the subsequent stages. The steady-state performance of the R2 reactor under the same loading condition as the R1 reactor revealed a high COD removal efficiency of 94% and biogas and methane productions were 27 L/d and 89%. The SMP was 0.21 LCH4/gCOD added, whereas the NH3-N alkalinity ratio stood at 651 mg/L and 0.2. SEM showed that the R2 reactor was dominated by Methanosarcina bacterial species, while the R1 reactor revealed a disturb sludge with insufficient microbial biomass.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid/instrumentation; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods*
  2. Chun TS, Malek MA, Ismail AR
    Water Sci Technol, 2015;71(4):524-8.
    PMID: 25746643 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.451
    The development of effluent removal prediction is crucial in providing a planning tool necessary for the future development and the construction of a septic sludge treatment plant (SSTP), especially in the developing countries. In order to investigate the expected functionality of the required standard, the prediction of the effluent quality, namely biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solid of an SSTP was modelled using an artificial intelligence approach. In this paper, we adopt the clonal selection algorithm (CSA) to set up a prediction model, with a well-established method - namely the least-square support vector machine (LS-SVM) as a baseline model. The test results of the case study showed that the prediction of the CSA-based SSTP model worked well and provided model performance as satisfactory as the LS-SVM model. The CSA approach shows that fewer control and training parameters are required for model simulation as compared with the LS-SVM approach. The ability of a CSA approach in resolving limited data samples, non-linear sample function and multidimensional pattern recognition makes it a powerful tool in modelling the prediction of effluent removals in an SSTP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods*
  3. Zaied BK, Rashid M, Nasrullah M, Zularisam AW, Pant D, Singh L
    Sci Total Environ, 2020 Jul 15;726:138095.
    PMID: 32481207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138095
    The pharmaceuticals are emergent contaminants, which can create potential threats for human health and the environment. All the pharmaceutical contaminants are becoming enormous in the environment as conventional wastewater treatment cannot be effectively implemented due to toxic and intractable action of pharmaceuticals. For this reason, the existence of pharmaceutical contaminants has brought great awareness, causing significant concern on their transformation, occurrence, risk, and fate in the environments. Electrocoagulation (EC) treatment process is effectively applied for the removal of contaminants, radionuclides, pesticides, and also harmful microorganisms. During the EC process, an electric current is employed directly, and both electrodes are dissoluted partially in the reactor under the special conditions. This electrode dissolution produces the increased concentration of cation, which is finally precipitated as hydroxides and oxides. Different anode materials usage like aluminum, stainless steel, iron, etc. are found more effective in EC operation for efficient removal of pharmaceutical contaminants. Due to the simple procedure and less costly material, EC method is extensively recognized for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment over further conventional treatment methods. The EC process has more usefulness to destabilize the pharmaceutical contaminants with the neutralization of charge and after that coagulating those contaminants to produce flocs. Thus, the review places particular emphasis on the application of EC process to remove pharmaceutical contaminants. First, the operational parameters influencing EC efficiency with the electroanalysis techniques are described. Second, in this review emerging challenges, current developments and techno-economic concerns of EC are highlighted. Finally, future recommendations and prospective on EC are envisioned.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid
  4. Oruganti RK, Katam K, Show PL, Gadhamshetty V, Upadhyayula VKK, Bhattacharyya D
    Bioengineered, 2022 Apr;13(4):10412-10453.
    PMID: 35441582 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2056823
    The scarcity of water resources and environmental pollution have highlighted the need for sustainable wastewater treatment. Existing conventional treatment systems are energy-intensive and not always able to meet stringent disposal standards. Recently, algal-bacterial systems have emerged as environmentally friendly sustainable processes for wastewater treatment and resource recovery. The algal-bacterial systems work on the principle of the symbiotic relationship between algae and bacteria. This paper comprehensively discusses the most recent studies on algal-bacterial systems for wastewater treatment, factors affecting the treatment, and aspects of resource recovery from the biomass. The algal-bacterial interaction includes cell-to-cell communication, substrate exchange, and horizontal gene transfer. The quorum sensing (QS) molecules and their effects on algal-bacterial interactions are briefly discussed. The effect of the factors such as pH, temperature, C/N/P ratio, light intensity, and external aeration on the algal-bacterial systems have been discussed. An overview of the modeling aspects of algal-bacterial systems has been provided. The algal-bacterial systems have the potential for removing micropollutants because of the diverse possible interactions between algae-bacteria. The removal mechanisms of micropollutants - sorption, biodegradation, and photodegradation, have been reviewed. The harvesting methods and resource recovery aspects have been presented. The major challenges associated with algal-bacterial systems for real scale implementation and future perspectives have been discussed. Integrating wastewater treatment with the algal biorefinery concept reduces the overall waste component in a wastewater treatment system by converting the biomass into a useful product, resulting in a sustainable system that contributes to the circular bioeconomy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods
  5. Mousazadeh M, Niaragh EK, Usman M, Khan SU, Sandoval MA, Al-Qodah Z, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 Aug;28(32):43143-43172.
    PMID: 34164789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14631-w
    Electrocoagulation (EC) is one of the emerging technologies in groundwater and wastewater treatment as it combines the benefits of coagulation, sedimentation, flotation, and electrochemical oxidation processes. Extensive research efforts implementing EC technology have been executed over the last decade to treat chemical oxygen demand (COD)-rich industrial wastewaters with the aim to protect freshwater streams (e.g., rivers, lakes) from pollution. A comprehensive review of the available recent literature utilizing EC to treat wastewater with high COD levels is presented. In addition, recommendations are provided for future studies to improve the EC technology and broaden its range of application. This review paper introduces some technologies which are often adopted for industrial wastewater treatment. Then, the EC process is compared with those techniques as a treatment for COD-rich wastewater. The EC process is considered as the most privileged technology by different research groups owing to its ability to deal with abundant volumes of wastewater. After, the application of EC as a single and combined treatment for COD-rich wastewaters is thoroughly reviewed. Finally, this review attempts to highlight the potentials and limitations of EC. Related to the EC process in batch operation mode, the best operational conditions are found at 10 V and 60 min of voltage and reaction time, respectively. These last values guarantee high COD removal efficiencies of > 90%. This review also concludes that considerably large operation costs of the EC process appears to be the serious drawback and renders it as an unfeasible approach for handling of COD rich wastewaters. In the end, this review has attempted to highlights the potential and limitation of EC and suggests that vast notably research in the field of continuous flow EC system is essential to introduce this technology as a convincing wastewater technology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid*
  6. Sadiq AC, Olasupo A, Ngah WSW, Rahim NY, Suah FBM
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Nov 30;191:1151-1163.
    PMID: 34600954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.179
    The presence of dyes in the aquatic environment as a result of anthropogenic activities, especially textile industries, is a critical environmental challenge that hinders the availability of potable water. Different wastewater treatment approaches have been used to remediate dyes in aquatic environments; however, most of these approaches are limited by factors ranging from high cost to the incomplete removal of the dyes and contaminants. Thus, the use of adsorption as a water treatment technology to remove dyes and other contaminants has been widely investigated using different adsorbents. This study evaluated the significance of chitosan as a viable adsorbent for removing dyes from water treatment. We summarised the literature and research results obtained between 2009 and 2020 regarding the adsorption of dyes onto chitosan and modified chitosan-based adsorbents prepared through physical and chemical processing, including crosslinking impregnation, grafting, and membrane preparation. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effects of various chitosan-based materials and modifications; they all improve the properties of chitosan by promoting the adsorption of dyes. Hence, the application of chitosan-based materials with various modifications should be considered a cutting-edge approach for the remediation of dyes and other contaminants in aquatic environments toward the global aim of making potable water globally available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods
  7. Wu TY, Mohammad AW, Jahim JM, Anuar N
    Biotechnol Adv, 2009 Jan-Feb;27(1):40-52.
    PMID: 18804158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.08.005
    During the last century, a great deal of research and development as well as applications has been devoted to waste. These include waste minimization and treatment, the environmental assessment of waste, minimization of environmental impact, life cycle assessment and others. The major reason for such huge efforts is that waste generation constitutes one of the major environmental problems where production industries are concerned. Until now, an increasing pressure has been put on finding methods of reusing waste, for instance through cleaner production, thus mirroring rapid changes in environmental policies. The palm oil industry is one of the leading industries in Malaysia with a yearly production of more than 13 million tons of crude palm oil and plantations covering 11% of the Malaysian land area. However, the production of such amounts of crude palm oil result in even larger amounts of palm oil mill effluent (POME), estimated at nearly three times the quantity of crude palm oil. Normally, POME is treated using end-of-pipe processes, but it is worth considering the potential value of POME prior to its treatment through introduction of a cleaner production. It is envisaged that POME can be sustainably reused as a fermentation substrate in the production of various metabolites, fertilizers and animal feeds through biotechnological advances. The present paper thus discusses various technically feasible and economically beneficial means of transforming the POME into low or preferably high value added products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid*
  8. Saqib NU, Adnan R, Shah I
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2016 Aug;23(16):15941-51.
    PMID: 27335012 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6984-7
    Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been considered a useful material for the treatment of wastewater due to its non-toxic character, chemical stability and excellent electrical and optical properties which contribute in its wide range of applications, particularly in environmental remediation technology. However, the wide band gap of TiO2 photocatalyst (anatase phase, 3.20 eV) limits its photocatalytic activity to the ultraviolet region of light. Besides that, the electron-hole pair recombination has been found to reduce the efficiency of the photocatalyst. To overcome these problems, tailoring of TiO2 surface with rare earth metals to improve its surface, optical and photocatalytic properties has been investigated by many researchers. The surface modifications with rare earth metals proved to enhance the efficiency of TiO2 photocatalyts by way of reducing the band gap by shifting the working wavelength to the visible region and inhibiting the anatase-to-rutile phase transformations. This review paper summarises the attempts on modification of TiO2 using rare earth metals describing their effect on the photocatalytic activities of the modified TiO2 photocatalyst.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods*
  9. Mohamed RM, Kassim AH, Anda M, Dallas S
    Environ Monit Assess, 2013 Oct;185(10):8473-88.
    PMID: 23657733 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3189-0
    The option of reusing greywater is proving to be increasingly attractive to address the water shortage issue in many arid and semiarid countries. Greywater represents a constant resource, since an approximately constant amount of greywater is generated from kitchen, laundries, bathroom in every household daily, independent of the weather. However, the use of greywater for irrigation in particular for household gardening may pose major hazards that have not been studied thoroughly. In this study, a 1-year monitoring was conducted in four selected households in Perth, Western Australia. The aim of the monitoring works is to investigate the variability in the greywater flow and quality, and to understand its impact in the surrounding environments. Case studies were selected based on different family structure including number, ages of the occupants, and greywater system they used. Samples of greywater effluent (showers, laundries, bathtub, and sinks), leachate, soil, and plants at each case study were collected between October 2008 and December 2009 which covered the high (spring/summer) and low (autumn/winter) production of greywater. Physical and chemical tests were based on the literature and expected components of laundry and bathroom greywater particularly on greywater components likely to have detrimental impacts on soils, plants, and other water bodies. Monitoring results showed the greywater quality values for BOD, TSS, and pH which sometimes fell outside the range as stipulated in the guidelines. The soil analyses results showed that salinity, SAR, and the organic content of the soil increased as a function of time and affected the plant growth. Nutrient leaching or losses from soil irrigated with greywater shows the movement of nutrients and the sole impact from greywater in uncontrolled plots in case studies is difficult to predicted due to the influence of land dynamics and activities. Investigative and research monitoring was used to understand greywater irrigation in households. Greywater quality is very site specific and difficult to predetermine or control except for the use of some recommended household products when using greywater. Investigative and research monitoring was indicated that greywater quality is very site specific and difficult to predetermine or control except for the use of some recommended household products when using greywater.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods*
  10. Abdollahi Y, Sabbaghi S, Abouzari-Lotf E, Jahangirian H, Sairi NA
    Water Sci Technol, 2018 Mar;77(5-6):1493-1504.
    PMID: 29595152 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.017
    The global attention has been focused on degradation of the environmental organic pollutants through green methods such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) under sunlight. However, AOPs have not yet been efficient in function of the photocatalyst that has been used. In this work, firstly, CaCu3Ti4O12 nanocomposite was simultaneously synthesized and decorated in different amounts of graphene oxide to enhance photodegradation of the organics. The result of the photocatalyst characterization showed that the sample with 8% graphene presented optimum photo-electrical properties such as low band gap energy and a great surface area. Secondly, the photocatalyst was applied for photodegradation of an organic model in a batch photoreactor. Thirdly, to scale up the process and optimize the efficiency, the photodegradation was modeled by multivariate semi-empirical methods. As the optimized condition showed, 45 mg/L of the methyl-orange has been removed at pH 5.8 by 0.96 g/L of the photocatalyst during 288 min of the light irradiation. Moreover, the photodegradation has been scaled up for industrial applications by determining the importance of the input effective variables according to the following organics order > photocatalyst > pH > irradiation time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid
  11. Molla AH, Fakhru'l-Razi A, Abd-Aziz S, Hanafi MM, Roychoudhury PK, Alam MZ
    Bioresour Technol, 2002 Dec;85(3):263-72.
    PMID: 12365494
    Twenty seven filamentous fungal strains representing five genera; Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Myriodontium and Pleurotus were isolated from four sources; domestic wastewater sludge cake (SC) from IWK (Indah Water Konsortium) wastewater treatment plant, palm oil mill effluent compost from Sri Ulu palm Oil Processing Mill, compost of plant debris, and fungal fruiting bodies from a rotten wood stump. Thirty-three strains/isolates were tested for their ability to convert domestic wastewater sludge into compost by assessing biomass production and growth rate on sludge enriched media. The strains/isolates Aspergillus niger, SS-T2008, WW-P1003 and RW-P1 512 produced the highest dry biomass at higher sludge supplemented culture media from their respective group (Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium and Basidiomycetes, respectively). This implied these strains are better adapted for growth at higher sludge rich substances, and subsequently may be efficient in bioconversion/biodegradation of sludge. The fungi isolated from ecological closely related sources were more amendable to adaptation in a sludge rich culture media.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods*
  12. Chen CX, Aris A, Yong EL, Noor ZZ
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Jan;29(4):4787-4802.
    PMID: 34775565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17365-x
    Many advanced technologies have shown encouraging results in removing antibiotics from domestic wastewater. However, as activated sludge treatment is the most common sewage treatment system employed worldwide, improving its effect on antibiotic removal would be more desirable. Understanding the removal mechanisms, kinetics and factors that affect antibiotic removal in the activated sludge process is important as it would allow us to improve the treatment performance. Although these have been discussed in various literature covering different types of antibiotics and wastewater, a specific review on antibiotics and domestic wastewater is clearly missing. This review paper collates, discusses and analyses the removal of antibiotics from sewage in the activated sludge process along with the removal mechanisms and kinetics. The antibiotics are categorised into six classes: β-lactam, dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, fluoroquinolone, macrolide, sulfonamides and tetracycline. Furthermore, the factors affecting the system performance with regard to antibiotic removal are examined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid
  13. Show PL, Pal P, Leong HY, Juan JC, Ling TC
    Environ Monit Assess, 2019 Mar 18;191(4):227.
    PMID: 30887225 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7380-9
    Landfill application is the most common approach for biowaste treatment via leachate treatment system. When municipal solid waste deposited in the landfills, microbial decomposition breaks down the wastes generating the end products, such as carbon dioxide, methane, volatile organic compounds, and liquid leachate. However, due to the landfill age, the fluctuation in the characteristics of landfill leachate is foreseen in the leachate treatment plant. The focuses of the researchers are keeping leachate from contaminating groundwater besides keeping potent methane emissions from reaching the atmosphere. To address the above issues, scientists are required to adopt green biological methods to keep the environment safe. This review focuses on the assorting of research papers on organic content and nitrogen removal from the leachate via recent effective biological technologies instead of conventional nitrification and denitrification process. The published researches on the characteristics of various Malaysian landfill sites were also discussed. The understanding of the mechanism behind the nitrification and denitrification process will help to select an optimized and effective biological treatment option in treating the leachate waste. Recently, widely studied technologies for the biological treatment process are aerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrification (AME-D) and partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) process, and both were discussed in this review article. This paper gives the idea of the modification of the conventional treatment technologies, such as combining the present processes to make the treatment process more effective. With the integration of biological process in the leachate treatment, the effluent discharge could be treated in shortcut and novel pathways, and it can lead to achieving "3Rs" of reduce, reuse, and recycle approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods*
  14. Wong CL, Tan YN, Mohamed AR
    J Environ Manage, 2011 Jul;92(7):1669-80.
    PMID: 21450395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.006
    Titania nanotubes are gaining prominence in photocatalysis, owing to their excellent physical and chemical properties such as high surface area, excellent photocatalytic activity, and widespread availability. They are easily produced by a simple and effective hydrothermal method under mild temperature and pressure conditions. This paper reviews and analyzes the mechanism of titania nanotube formation by hydrothermal treatment. It further examines the parameters that affect the formation of titania nanotubes, such as starting material, sonication pretreatment, hydrothermal temperature, washing process, and calcination process. Finally, the effects of the presence of dopants on the formation of titania nanotubes are analyzed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods*
  15. Mohajeri L, Aziz HA, Isa MH, Zahed MA
    Bioresour Technol, 2010 Feb;101(3):893-900.
    PMID: 19773160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.013
    This work studied the bioremediation of weathered crude oil (WCO) in coastal sediment samples using central composite face centered design (CCFD) under response surface methodology (RSM). Initial oil concentration, biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were used as independent variables (factors) and oil removal as dependent variable (response) in a 60 days trial. A statistically significant model for WCO removal was obtained. The coefficient of determination (R(2)=0.9732) and probability value (P<0.0001) demonstrated significance for the regression model. Numerical optimization based on desirability function were carried out for initial oil concentration of 2, 16 and 30 g per kg sediment and 83.13, 78.06 and 69.92 per cent removal were observed respectively, compare to 77.13, 74.17 and 69.87 per cent removal for un-optimized results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods
  16. Lam WK, Dharmaraj D
    Med J Malaysia, 1982 Jun;37(2):114-23.
    PMID: 6127601
    A survey on mosquito breeding in septic tanks in several residential areas was carried out on 211 septic tanks in the Ipoh Municipality. The septic tanks inspected comprised two types; the contact filter-bed with pump sump and pump motor type (Type A) and the subsoil [ilter trench type (Type B). Mosquito breeding occurred in. both types of septic tanks, with Type A septic tanks showing heavier breeding, Seventy-two (55.4 percent) of the 130 Type A septic tanks inspected had Aedes albopictus breeding. Besides being a nuisance, mosquito breeding is a potential threat to public health, as Ae. albopictus is a vector of dengue fever. Prolific breeding by Ae. albopictus was encountered in areas where Type A septic tanks were used. Other mosquitoes encountered in the survey were Culex qusnquefasciatus, Armigeres subabaltus and Uranotaenia spp. Analysis of effluent samples from Type A and Type B septic tanks revealed that of the 4 parameters measured (PH, chloride, BOD5 and Free Ammonia}, only pH was not significantly different at the 95 percent level of confidence. Chloride, BOD5 and Free Ammonia levels in. the Type B septic tanks were significantly higher than that in Type A septic tanks. Turbidity of the effluent in Type B septic tanks probably deters Ae. albopictusfrom breeding. Several methods to prevent breeding of mosquitoes in septic tanks were discussed. The easiest method is to mosquito-proof the septic tanks but this has been tried not too successfully. A method using expanded polystyrene balls is suggested. Other methods include the use of parasitic nematodes and the use of insecticides but these are not favourable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid*
  17. Hameed YT, Idris A, Hussain SA, Abdullah N
    J Environ Manage, 2016 Dec 15;184(Pt 3):494-503.
    PMID: 27789092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.033
    Chemical composition and flocculation efficiency were investigated for a commercially produced tannin - based coagulant and flocculant (Tanfloc). The results of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed what claimed about the chemical composition of Tanfloc. For moderate polluted municipal wastewater investigated in both jar test and pilot plant, Tanfloc showed high turbidity removal efficiency of approximately 90%, while removal efficiencies of BOD5 and COD were around 60%. According to floc size distribution, Tanfloc was able to show distinct performance compared to Polyaluminum chloride (PAC). While 90% of flocs produced by Tanfloc were smaller than 144 micron, they were smaller than 96 micron for PAC. Practically, zeta potential measurement showed the cationic nature of Tanfloc and suggested coincidence of charge neutralization and another flocculation mechanism (bridging or patch flocculation). Sludge Volumetric Index (SVI) measurements were in agreement with the numbers found in the literature, and they were less than 160 mL/g. Calcium cation as flocculation aid showed significant improvement of flocculation efficiency compared to other cations. Finally Tanfloc showed competing performance compared to PAC in terms of turbidity, BOD5 and COD removal, floc size and sludge characteristics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods
  18. Choo TP, Lee CK, Low KS, Hishamuddin O
    Chemosphere, 2006 Feb;62(6):961-7.
    PMID: 16081131
    This study describes an investigation using tropical water lilies (Nymphaea spontanea) to remove hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions and electroplating waste. The results show that water lilies are capable of accumulating substantial amount of Cr(VI), up to 2.119 mg g(-1) from a 10 mg l(-1) solution. The roots of the plant accumulated the highest amount of Cr(VI) followed by leaves and petioles, indicating that roots play an important role in the bioremediation process. The maturity of the plant exerts a great effect on the removal and accumulation of Cr(VI). Plants of 9 weeks old accumulated the most Cr(VI) followed by those of 6 and 3 weeks old. The results also show that removal of Cr(VI) by water lilies is more efficient when the metal is present singly than in the presence of Cu(II) or in waste solution. This may be largely associated with more pronounced phytotoxicity effect on the biochemical changes in the plants and saturation of binding sites. Significant toxicity effect on the plant was evident as shown in the reduction of chlorophyll, protein and sugar contents in plants exposed to Cr(VI) in this investigation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid
  19. Ng KH
    Chemosphere, 2021 May;270:129378.
    PMID: 33422998 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129378
    The technical feasibility of TiO2-photocatalysis towards palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment is well-proven in previous studies. As a continuity, current study evaluated the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) in a concise manner, subsequently discussed its practicality in palm oil industry of Malaysia. Indeed, TiO2-photocatalysis displays a promising technical feasibility in treating POME, but its wide application is economically-suppressed. It is positing that biological-based treatments (including the existing open-ponding system) are more likely to be employed as the major treating approach for POME over TiO2-photocatalysis. This is particularly true as biological-based treatments offer better performance index for concentrated POME with comparatively lower treatment cost and technicality needed. Furthermore, it is also prevailed with high biogas generability, therefore being irreplaceably benchmarked for POME treatment in Malaysia. Instead of replacing biological treatment entirely, the adoption of TiO2-photocatalysis as complementing tertiary treatment for biological-treated-POME is more practical, bestowed to its robust organic-mineralizing feature for low concentration POME. Such integrated system is expected to augment the POME degradation efficiency, hence effectively preserve the environment from POME pollution.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid*
  20. Akinpelu AA, Chowdhury ZZ, Shibly SM, Faisal ANM, Badruddin IA, Rahman MM, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2021 Feb 19;22(4).
    PMID: 33669883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042090
    This study deals with the preparation of activated carbon (CDSP) from date seed powder (DSP) by chemical activation to eliminate polyaromatic hydrocarbon-PAHs (naphthalene-C10H8) from synthetic wastewater. The chemical activation process was carried out using a weak Lewis acid of zinc acetate dihydrate salt (Zn(CH3CO2)2·2H2O). The equilibrium isotherm and kinetics analysis was carried out using DSP and CDSP samples, and their performances were compared for the removal of a volatile organic compound-naphthalene (C10H8)-from synthetic aqueous effluents or wastewater. The equilibrium isotherm data was analyzed using the linear regression model of the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations. The R2 values for the Langmuir isotherm were 0.93 and 0.99 for naphthalene (C10H8) adsorption using DSP and CDSP, respectively. CDSP showed a higher equilibrium sorption capacity (qe) of 379.64 µg/g. DSP had an equilibrium sorption capacity of 369.06 µg/g for C10H8. The rate of reaction was estimated for C10H8 adsorption using a pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetic equation. The reaction mechanism for both the sorbents (CDSP and DSP) was studied using the intraparticle diffusion model. The equilibrium data was well-fitted with the pseudo-second order kinetics model showing the chemisorption nature of the equilibrium system. CDSP showed a higher sorption performance than DSP due to its higher BET surface area and carbon content. Physiochemical characterizations of the DSP and CDSP samples were carried out using the BET surface area analysis, Fourier-scanning microscopic analysis (FSEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and Fourier-transform spectroscopic analysis (FTIR). A thermogravimetric and ultimate analysis was also carried out to determine the carbon content in both the sorbents (DSP and CDSP) here. This study confirms the potential of DSP and CDSP to remove C10H8 from lab-scale synthetic wastewater.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid
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