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  1. Fulltext Medium penyampaian maklumat sedia ada bagi pekerja asing dalam kursus keselamatan industri pembinaan Malaysia : satu perbincangan
    Nurul Azita Salleh, Kamal Ab Hamid, Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi, Muhammad Nazrin Shah Zakaria, Suzana Abd Mutalib
    Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2015;12(1):85-90.
    MyJurnal
    Medium penyampaian maklumat merupakan media pengajaran utama yang digunakan dalam menyampaikan
    maklumat kepada pekerja tempatan dan juga asing dalam Kursus Induksi Keselamatan dan Kesihatan (KIKK).
    Justeru, kertas kerja ini menumpukan kepada perbincangan mengenai permasalahan serta hasil kajian lepas berkaitan
    penggunaan media penyampaian maklumat sedia ada oleh pekerja asing dalam KIKK. Kesimpulan hasil kajian
    perpustakaan mendapati terdapat beberapa masalah penggunaan media penyampaian maklumat sedia ada ini daripada
    aspek penggunaan bahasa, cara penyampaian dan medium penyampaian. Bahasa Melayu lazimnya digunakan sebagai
    bahasa pengantar semasa penyampaian maklumat dalam KIKK sama ada dalam bentuk teks mahupun penyampaian
    lisan. Namun, penggunaan Bahasa Melayu ini didapati tidak difahami oleh kebanyakan pekerja asing terutamanya
    pekerja asing bukan warga Indonesia. Cara penyampaian maklumat juga dilihat bersifat satu hala dan kurang difahami
    serta medium penyampaian yang digunakan kurang interaktif dan berbentuk presentasi. Malah, medium penyampaian
    maklumat seperti PowerPoint yang digunakan masih belum cukup kemas untuk memenuhi keperluan kerja pekerja
    asing di tapak bina yang mana teks bahasa Melayu terlalu panjang digunakan, susunan teks dan grafik tidak kemas,
    saiz teks tidak konsisten serta penggunaan grafik yang kurang jelas.
  2. Fulltext Malaysian construction industry: trends of occupational accidents from 2006 to 2015
    Nur Nadia Adila Abdul Halim, Mohd Hafiidz Jaafar, Kadir Arifin, Kadaruddin Aiyub, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Mohd Haizzan Yahaya
    Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2016;13(2):35-54.
    MyJurnal
    The construction industry is one of the largest sectors in Malaysia. This industry has become one of the main contributors
    for national economic development and consistently contributes 3% to 5% to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This
    sector has also opened up job opportunities for various levels of employment. High demands and rapid urbanization offer huge
    opportunities for registered contractors. Despite contributing in enhancing national economics, this sector has been regarded as one
    of the most dangerous and hazardous workplaces due to the type of nature and the job activities at construction sites. According to
    the International Labour Organization (ILO), 2.3 million fatalities related to occupational accidents and illnesses are estimated to
    occur each year. Furthermore, 4 percent of world GDP is estimated to be lost due to occupational accidents and illnesses. The number
    of fatality accidents in the construction industry was the highest with 652 cases of non-permanent disability (NPD) and permanent
    disability (PD) accidents in the period 2007 to 2015, equivalent to 72.44 cases per year and representing 48.77% of the construction
    industry. The huge gap between the number of accidents reported to SOCSO and DOSH becomes a major concern due to a rising
    number of underreported cases of fatalities and injury in the construction sector, especially those involving foreign labour. The margin
    between accidents reported to SOCSO and DOSH is 97.49%. Regards to rapid developments, safety measures to improve performance
    management of OSH should be emphasized to reduce losses of life, property and productivity.
  3. Fulltext Purification and concentration of Gallium-68 via anion exchange method from a SnO2 -based column Germanium-68/Gallium-68 generator
    Muhammad Fakhrurazi Ahmad Fadzil, Ng Yen, Siti Najila Mohd Janib, Noor Hasnah M. Khairullah, Mohd Khairul Najah
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2017;12(2):66-80.
    MyJurnal
    PET/CT Scan with obGa-labelled analogs is of increasing interest in Nuclear Medicine and currently
    is being performed all over the world. However, such labeling procedure requires high purity and
    concentrated solutions of°sGa. Here we report the purification and concentration of the eluate of
    SnOi-Based obGe/obGa generators via the anion exchange method. Three different anion columns were
    selected to purify and concentrate the6SGa eluat.es which are Chromafix, Oasis WAX and AG 1-X8
    columns. The different anion columns were compared and evaluated in terms of their capability in
    adsorption and desorption of ""Ga from, the generator. While the optimum molarity of Hydrocholric
    Acid (HCl) for highest 6dGa retention was also determined starting from the ranges of fM to 7M of
    HCl. The results showed that the percentage of 68Ga retention or adsorption .started to be plateau at
    molarity of 5.5M for all three anion cartridges. One-way ANOVA analysis proved that there is no
    significant difference between 5.5M with 6.0M, 6.5M and 7.0M which means that the retention of
    gallium-68 is equal at those molarities. At 5.5M, Chromafix and Oasis WAX cartridges showed the
    highest retention of gallium-68 which is 98.30%. The lowest 6"Ga retention was gained by AG 1-X8
    column which is 97.07%'. While for desorption of 6bGa, the highest percentage was obtained by using
    Oasis WAX cart/ridges which, is 70.f9% followed by Chromafix which, is 70.36%. The lowest desorption
    of gallium-68 was obtained by using AG 1-X8 column which is only 58.56%. Therefore, from this
    study, the most suitable cartridge and HCl molarity that should be applied in purification and
    concentration of Gallium-68 eluate fromÿ a SnOs Based °*Ge/*Ga generator is Oasis® WAX column
    with a HCl molarity of 5.5M respectively.
  4. Fulltext Knowledge and attitude of neonatal jaundice – orang asli perspective
    Muhammad Nazrin Asyraf Adeeb, Kartik Kumarasamy, Nur Ain Mahat, Kalnissha Arumugam, Syasya Hannany Abdul Shukor, Sabariah Abdul Hamid
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2016;14(2):65-68.
    MyJurnal
    The incidence of neonatal jaundice among aborigines is increasing with the morbidity and mortality among this group are
    well recognized. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude status on neonatal jaundice among Orang Asli in
    Sepang, Selangor. Cross-sectional study was conducted within two weeks in Kampung Orang Asli in Sg. Pelek, Sepang,
    Selangor. A simple random sample of adults aged 18 years and above was selected. Data were collected by an interviewed
    structured questionnaire. Overall, out of 152 residents, 67% were aware about neonatal jaundice. Majority of them were
    female (72%), married (78.4%) and respondents who have children (86%). Among those who were aware, almost 68%
    have good knowledge, in which 70% recognized jaundice by yellow discoloration on the body. High pitched crying (12.7%)
    and not feeding (10.8%) were among symptoms they knew. Almost 50% of the respondents believed neonatal jaundice
    may cause mental retardation. As for management of neonatal jaundice at home, majority of them (47%) will expose
    the baby under the sun, 7.8% will take herbal medication whereas 2% will continue with breast feeding. Almost eighty
    percent of the respondents will send their jaundiced baby to the hospital immediately, whereas 23% prefer management
    by nurse at home. Although majority of respondents in Kg. Orang Asli Sg. Pelek have good knowledge & good attitude
    on neonatal jaundice, some mothers are still likely to resort to self-treatment with potentially harmful therapies.
  5. Fulltext Perceived stress among malay caregivers of children with learning disabilities in Kelantan
    Siti Nor Ismalina Isa, Nur Zakiah Mohd Saat, Syarif Husin Lubis, Muhammad Faiz Mohd Ismail, Ismarulyusda Ishak
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2016;14(2):69-77.
    MyJurnal
    Parents or caregivers of children with learning disabilities have been shown to experience increases in stress and greater negative caregiving consequences than those with typically developing children. The current study sought to assess the perceived stress among Malay caregivers of children with learning disabilities in Kelantan. The Malay version of Perceived Stress Scale 10 items was administered to a sample of 40 caregivers of children with learning disabilities who were registered to five Pusat Pemulihan Dalam Komuniti (PDK) in Kelantan. Higher scores indicate higher levels of stress. The caregivers had mean age of 47.68 (SD = 9.18) years old, of whom 90% were fathers or mothers. Ninety percent of them were married, majority were unemployed or housewives and had secondary school education. The majority of children with learning disabilities were males and half of them were Down Syndrome children. The mean total Perceived Stress Scale score of the caregivers was 16.77 (SD = 5.74). There were no significant associations between total perceived stress score and any of the independent variables. The mean total perceived stress score showed that the perceived stress level was in the category of slightly higher than average and health concern level was high, while the average stress level was between score of 12 to 15. In conclusion, this result indicated that the caregivers had slightly higher levels of stress than the average score, and might increase susceptibility to stress-induced illness.
  6. Synthesis and mechanistic studies of curcumin analog-based oximes as potential anticancer agents
    Qin HL, Leng J, Youssif BG, Amjad MW, Raja MA, Hussain MA, et al.
    Chem Biol Drug Des, 2017 Feb 10.
    PMID: 28186369 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12964
    The incidence of cancer can be decreased by chemoprevention using either natural or synthetic agents. Apart from synthetic compounds, numerous natural products have exhibited promising potential to inhibit carcinogenesis in vivo. In this study, α, β-unsaturated carbonyl-based anticancer compounds were used as starting materials to synthesize new oxime analogs. The findings from the antiproliferative assay using seven different human cancer cell lines provided a clear picture of structure-activity relationship. The oxime analogs namely 7a and 8a showed strong antiproliferative activity against the cell lines. The mechanistic effects of compounds on EGFR-TK kinases and tubulin polymerization and BRAF(V)(600E) were investigated. In addition, the efficacy of compounds in reversing the efflux-mediated resistance developed by cancer cells was also studied. The compounds 5a and 6a displayed potent activity on various targets such as BRAF(V)(600E) and EGFR-TK kinases and also exhibited strong antiproliferative activity against different cell lines hence showing potential of multifunctional anticancer agents.
  7. Fulltext Cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol contents of fish and other seafood from the Straits of Malacca
    Azrina, A., Abd Aziz, N., Khoo, H. E., Amin, I., Al-Sheraji, S. H., Muhammad Rizal, R.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(4):1494-1500.
    MyJurnal
    This study was conducted to determine the cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol contents of 20 marine fish and four other seafood from the Straits of Malacca. Cholesterol and alphatocopherol contents of the fish and other seafood were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that most of the fish contained low amounts of cholesterol, except sixbar grouper (Epinephelus fasciatus), long-tailed butterfly ray (Gymnura sp.), yellowstripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis), cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), large-scale tongue sole (Cynoglossus arel), and longtail shad (Hilsa macrura) that contained high amounts of cholesterol (119.39-353.97 mg/100 g wet samples). Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), giant seaperch (Lates calcarifer), prawn (Metapenaeus affinis), and moonfish (Trachinotus blochii) had high alpha-tocopherol contents (462-989 μg/100 g wet sample). Regular consumption of fish and other seafood is highly recommended partly due to the high alphatocopherol content. Due to the high cholesterol in certain types of fish, consumption of the fish fillets of sixbar grouper, long-tailed butterfly ray, yellowstripe scad, cuttlefish, and large scale tongue sole should be < 100 g per day and < 50 per day for longtail shad. Validation of the analytical method also showed a high accuracy and reproducibility of the HPLC method.
  8. 2'-Aryl and 4'-arylidene substituted pyrazolones: As potential α-amylase inhibitors
    Yousuf S, Khan KM, Salar U, Chigurupati S, Muhammad MT, Wadood A, et al.
    Eur J Med Chem, 2018 Nov 05;159:47-58.
    PMID: 30268823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.052
    Acarbose and voglibose are well-known α-amylase inhibitors used for the management of type-II diabetes mellitus. Unfortunately, these well-known and clinically used inhibitors are also associated with several adverse effects. Therefore, there is still need to develop the safer therapy. Despite of a broad spectrum of biological significances of pyrazolone, it is infrequently evaluated for α-amylase inhibition. Current study deals with the synthesis and biological screening of aryl and arylidene substituted pyrazolones 1-18 for their potential α-amylase inhibitory activity. Structures of synthetic derivatives 1-18 were identified by different spectroscopic techniques. All compounds 1-18 (IC50 = 1.61 ± 0.16 μM to 2.38 ± 0.09 μM) exhibited significant to moderate inhibitory potential when compared to standard acarbose (IC50 = 1.46 ± 0.26 μM). A number of derivatives including 8-12 (IC50 = 1.68 ± 0.1 μM to 1.97 ± 0.07 μM) and 14-16 (IC50 = 1.61 ± 0.16 μM to 1.93 ± 0.07 μM) were found to be significantly active. Limited SAR suggested that different substitutions on compounds do not have any significant effect on the inhibitory potential. Compounds were found to be mixed-type inhibitors revealed by kinetic studies. However, in silico study was identified a number of key features participating in the interaction with the binding site of α-amylase enzyme.
  9. Fulltext Factors associated with awareness, knowledge and attitude towards prostate cancer among Malay men in traditional Malay Villages, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
    Suriani Ismail, Huda Zainuddin, Titi Rahmawati Hamedon, Muhammad Hanafiah Juni, Nor Afiah Mohd. Zulkefli, Suhainizam bin Muhamad Saliluddin
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(2):31-38.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Lack of awareness, poor knowledge and attitude regarding cancer have been identified as possible reasons accounting for the late presentation which lead to the poor survival of cancer patients in Malaysia. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in three traditional Malay villages in Negeri Sembilan among adult males. Those who were already diagnosed with prostate cancer or Non malaysians were excluded from the study. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires which consist of several sections namely socio-demographic, awareness about prostate cancer, sources of information, family history of prostate cancer, lifestyle associated with risk of cancer, knowledge and attitude towards prostate cancer. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22.0. Chisquare test was used to determine associations. Level of significance was set at p
  10. Fulltext The use and addiction to smart phones among medical students and staffs in a public university in Malaysia
    Azlina Wati Nikmat, Nurul Azreen Hashim, Muhammad Farid Saidi, Nur Suhailah Mohd Zaki, Nur Nabihah Hasan Shukri, Nur Basyariah Abdulla
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2018;19(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: Smart phones have become an important part of human’s life, including the healthcare population and medical students. However, pathological use of smart phones could lead to smart phones addiction. The aim of this study is to observe a pattern of usage of smart phones among the medical students and staffs in the Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) and screen for smart phone addiction among the respondents.

    Methods: A cross sectional, quasi-experimental study design involving medical students and staffs in the Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) was employed. A total of 598 respondents was approached to participate, and all consented to this study. Measurements used in the study include a self-developed questionnaire to measure pattern of smart phone usage and Smart phone addiction scale (Malay version).

    Result: We found that 65.9% of the respondents were heavy users of the smart phone (more than 3 hours daily) and majority of them were using it for social networking. More than half of the respondents (52.2%) were at risk of developing smart phone addiction based on Smart phone Addiction Scale (Malay Version).

    Conclusion: This study revealed that medical students, and the faculty staffs were heavy users of smart phones, and they were at risk to develop smart phone addiction.
  11. Fulltext A rare case of Subglottic Ectopic Thyroid tissue causing upper airway obstruction: detection by CECT and MRI neck
    Ngah, N.A., Siti Jusna Muhammad, Suraini, M.S., Mohd Noh, M.S.F., Ab Hamid, S., Salleh, H., et al.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2018;26(2):887-892.
    MyJurnal
    Internal obstruction of the upper airways can be due to infection, anaphylactic reaction, congenital anomaly, foreign body inhalation or mass. This case report is of a lady who presented with upper airway obstruction due to subglottic ectopic thyroid tissue. She had a history of noisy breathing and progressive neck swelling since childhood. Biochemical results showed hypothyroid features while flexible scope showed tracheal stenosis. Computed Tomography (CT) detected a goitre and a posterior laryngeal mass at subglottic region causing laryngeal stenosis. The MRI helped to better delineate the soft tissue details of this mass. while elective direct laryngoscope showed a firm mass arising from the trachea. Debulking of the mass was done and histopathological diagnosis was nodular thyroid hyperplasia. Treatment with L-thyroxine was instituted with good clinical improvement. An ectopic thyroid gland can develop if its normal migration is halted along this tract during embryogenesis. Subglottic location of ectopic thyroid is extremely rare. However, ectopic thyroid tissue in the larynx should be considered as a possible diagnosis causing upper airway obstruction, especially in a patient that is clinically hypothyroid and having a concurrent goitre.
  12. Fabrication and performance evaluation of blood compatible hemodialysis membrane using carboxylic multiwall carbon nanotubes and low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone based nanocomposites
    Irfan M, Irfan M, Idris A, Baig N, Saleh TA, Nasiri R, et al.
    J Biomed Mater Res A, 2019 03;107(3):513-525.
    PMID: 30484939 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36566
    This study focused to optimize the performance of polyethersulfone (PES) hemodialysis (HD) membrane using carboxylic functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNT) and lower molecular weight grade of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-k30). Initially, MWCNT were chemically functionalized by acid treatment and nanocomposites (NCs) of PVP-k30 and c-MWCNT were formed and subsequently blended with PES polymer. The spectra of FTIR of the HD membranes revealed that NCs has strong hydrogen bonding and their addition to PES polymer improved the capillary system of membranes as confirmed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and leaching of the additive decreased to 2% and hydrophilicity improved to 22%. The pore size and porosity of NCs were also enhanced and rejection rate was achieved in the establish dialysis range (<60 kDa). The antifouling studies had shown that NCs membrane exhibited 30% less adhesion of protein with 80% flux recovery ratio. The blood compatibility assessment disclosed that NCs based membranes showed prolonged thrombin and prothrombin clotting times, lessened production of fibrinogen cluster, and greatly suppressed adhesion of blood plasma than a pristine PES membrane. The results also unveiled that PVP-k30/NCs improved the surface properties of the membrane and the urea and creatinine removal increased to 72% and 75% than pure PES membranes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 513-525, 2019.
  13. Fulltext A new strategy for taste masking of azithromycin antibiotic: development, characterization, and evaluation of azithromycin titanium nanohybrid for masking of bitter taste using physisorption and panel testing studies
    Amin F, Khan S, Shah SMH, Rahim H, Hussain Z, Sohail M, et al.
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2018;12:3855-3866.
    PMID: 30510401 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S183534
    Background: The obnoxious bitter taste of orally taken antibiotics is one of the biggest problems in the treatment of children. The pediatric population cannot tolerate the bitter taste of drugs and vomit out which ultimately leads to suboptimal therapeutic value, grimace and mental stress so it is the challenging task for the formulation scientists to formulate a palatable formulation particularly to overcome address the issue.

    Purpose of study: The study aimed to mask and evaluate the unpleasant bitter taste of azithro-mycin (AZ) in the dry suspension dosage form by physisorption technique.

    Materials and methods: AZ was selected as an adsorbent and titanium dioxide nanoparticles as adsorbate. The AZ nanohybrids (AZN) were prepared by treating fixed amount of adsorbent with a varied amount of adsorbate, prepared separately by dispersing it in an aqueous medium. The mixture was sonicated, stirred followed by filtration and drying. The AZN produced were characterized by various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-rays (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), HPLC and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR). The optimized nanohybrid was blended with other excipients to get stable and taste masked dry suspension dosage form.

    Results: The results confirmed the adsorption of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the surface of AZ. The fabricated optimized formulation was subjected for taste masking by panel testing and accelerated stability studies. The results showed a remarkable improvement in bitter taste masking, inhibiting throat bite without affecting the dissolution rate. The product showed an excellent stability both in dry and reconstituted suspension. The optimized formulation of AZN and was found stable when subjected to physical and chemical stability studies, this is because of short and single step process which interns limits the exposure of the product to various environmental factors that could potentially affect the stability of the product. The dissolution rate of the optimized formulation of AZN was compared with its marketed counterpart, showing the same dissolution rate compared to its marketed formulation.

    Conclusion: The current study concludes that, by fabricating AZ-titanium nanohybrids using physisorption can effectively mask the bitter taste of the drug. The palatability and stability of azithromycin formulation was potentially enhanced without affecting its dissolution rate.

  14. Fulltext Dose enhancement effects by different size of gold nanoparticles under irradiation of megavoltage photon beam
    Wan Nordiana W Abd Rahman, Raizulnasuha Ab Rashid, Mahfuzah Muhammad, Khairunisak Abdul Razak, Norhayati Dollah, Moshi Geso
    Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 2018;30(2):23-29.
    MyJurnal
    Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively investigated as dose enhancement agent to increase the lethal dose to the tumours while minimizing dose to the normal tissue. Their intriguing properties and characteristics such as small size and shape provide favorable option in increasing radiotherapy therapeutic efficiency. In this study, the effects of AuNPs size on the dose enhancement effects irradiated under megavoltage photon beams were investigated. The study was conducted in-vitro on HeLa cells using AuNPs of 5 nm and 15 nm sizes. The cells samples were incubated with AuNPs and irradiated with photon beam of energy 6 MV and 10 MV at 100 cm SSD and 10 cm x 10 cm field size. Clonogenic assay were performed to observe the dose enhancement effects on cell survival. Dose enhancement factor (DEF) were extrapolated and evaluated from the cell survival curves. The results show that both sizes of AuNPs produce dose enhancement with the larger size AuNPs of 15 nm produce more dose enhancement compare to 5 nm AuNPs for 6 MV photon beam. Dose enhancements were observed for 10 MV photon beams but DEF for both sizes AuNPs shows no differences. In conclusion, larger size AuNPs produce higher dose enhancement compare to small size of AuNPs which conclude that nanoparticles size is important factor that need to be taken into account for AuNPs to be applied in radiotherapy.
  15. Fulltext Social media as an e-health communication channel: the use of (@MedTweetMYHQ) among students of UiTM Melaka
    Wan Azfarozza Wan Athmar, Nur Azmina Ghazali, Muhammad Saiful Adli Mohd Nasir, Anis Athirah Zuhaizar, Farahani Mohd Asli
    Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2018;6(1):129-138.
    MyJurnal
    Social media are now acknowledged as one of the platforms for engaging e-health that contributing to serious discussion and information regarding on medical and health issues. However, there are challenges and risks associated with social media in medical and health care which is misinformation. Misinformation can spread quickly on Twitter and each retweet is exposing to wider audiences. The aim of this paper is to identify the use of @MedTweetMYHQ among its’ users sepcifically among UiTM Melaka students. The researchers used in-depth interviews to five informants based on purposive sampling. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged from the analysis which are the use of @MedTweetMYHQ to receive updated useful information on health, to share information on healthy lifestyle, to debunk health myths and as a platform for health discussions.
  16. Fulltext Consumers' understanding and awareness of food irradiation in UiTM Penang
    Nor Azureen Rozekhi, Shahril Hussin, Ashraf Siddik Khan Abdul Rahim Siddiqe, Muhammad 'Arif Aizat Bashir, Hairul Nizwan Abd Majid
    Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2018;6(1):97-104.
    MyJurnal
    It has been remarked that food irradiation is an emerging technology with many advantages to
    consumers. Among the benefits of food irradiation include the destruction of insects, fungi and bacteria
    that cause food to spoil and causes food borne illnesses in humans. However, there appears to be a
    lacking in widespread public awareness and understanding of food radiation for human consumption.
    Therefore, this study is attempting to investigate consumer awareness, attitude, trust and understanding
    toward food irradiation. A total of 237 respondents participated in the study via self-administered
    questionnaires. Findings revealed that consumers’ level of awareness towards food irradiation was
    surprisingly high. On the other hand, level of positive attitude and trust towards irradiated food were
    accepted. The findings of this study could contribute to the body of knowledge regarding the
    awareness, knowledge, attitude and trust towards food irradiation among consumers. In addition, it
    provides information and suggestions for the authorities in governing and imposing rules and
    regulations on food and beverage operators and handlers in Malaysia.
  17. Fulltext Henneguya (Cnidaria: Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) infections of cultured barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Perciformes: Latidae) in an estuarine wetlands system of Malaysia: description of Henneguya setiuensis n. sp., Henneguya voronini n. sp. and Henneguya calcarifer n. sp
    Borkhanuddin MH, Cech G, Molnár K, Shaharom-Harrison F, Khoa TND, Samshuri MA, et al.
    Parasitol Res, 2020 Jan;119(1):85-96.
    PMID: 31768684 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06541-1
    Examination of 35 barramundi (Lates calcarifer) from aquaculture cages in Setiu Wetland, Malaysia, revealed a single fish infected with three Henneguya spp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea). Characterization of the infections using tissue tropism, myxospore morphology and morphometry and 18S rDNA sequencing supported description of three new species: Henneguya setiuensis n. sp., Henneguya voronini n. sp. and H. calcarifer n. sp. Myxospores of all three species had typical Henneguya morphology, with two polar capsules in the plane of the suture, an oval spore body, smooth valve cell surfaces, and two caudal appendages. Spores were morphometrically similar, and many dimensions overlapped, but H. voronini n. sp. had shorter caudal appendages compared with H. calcarifer n. sp. and H. setiuensis n. sp. Gross tissue tropism distinguished the muscle parasite H. calcarifer n. sp. from gill parasites H. setiuensis n. sp. and H. voronini n. sp.; and these latter two species were further separable by fine-scale location of developing plasmodia, which were intra-lamellar for H. setiuensis n. sp. and basal to the filaments for H. voronini n. sp. small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences distinguished all three species: the two gill species H. setiuensis n. sp. and H voronini n. sp. were only 88% similar (over 1708 bp), whereas the muscle species H. calcarifer n. sp. was most similar to H. voronini n. sp. (98% over 1696 bp). None of the three novel species was more than 90% similar to any known myxosporean sequence in GenBank. Low infection prevalence of these myxosporeans and lack of obvious tissue pathology from developing plasmodia suggested none of these parasites are currently a problem for barramundi culture in Setiu Wetland; however additional surveys of fish, particularly at different times of the year, would be informative for better risk assessment.
  18. Connotations of psychological and physiological health in the psychosocial work environment: An industrial context
    Javaid MU, Bano S, Mirza MZ, Isha ASN, Nadeem S, Jawaid A, et al.
    Work, 2019;64(3):551-561.
    PMID: 31658088 DOI: 10.3233/WOR-193016
    BACKGROUND: Psychological conditions are experiences of the conscious and unconscious elements of the work context, which revolve around workers' perceptions of feeling either engaged or disengaged with the assigned tasks. In the psychosocial work environment of hazardous industries like petrochemicals where production lasts twenty-four hours a day and continues seven-days-a-week, a psychologically available worker is extremely important. Psychological availability refers to when workers who are physically, emotionally and psychologically engaged at the moment of performing tasks.

    OBJECTIVE: The broad objective of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of behavioral factors on the psychological and physiological health of workers.

    METHODS: The latest, second generation technique, which is structural equation modeling, is used to identify the relationships between behavioral antecedents and health outcomes. A total of 277 technical workers participated, aged between 20 and 49 and were healthy in all aspects.

    RESULTS: The study results showed quantitative demands, emotional demands, work-family conflict, and job insecurity were significantly associated with both psychological (stress) and physiological (Body Mass Index) factors. The social support of colleagues produced mixed findings with direct and indirect paths. Stress also significantly mediates the psychosocial factors and burnout of the workers.

    CONCLUSION: The study concluded that workers were physically available, but they experienced distractions as members of social systems, affecting their physiological and psychological health.

  19. Fulltext QoSRP: A Cross-layer QoS Channel-Aware Routing Protocol for the Internet of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks
    Faheem M, Butt RA, Raza B, Alquhayz H, Ashraf MW, Shah SB, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2019 Nov 02;19(21).
    PMID: 31684014 DOI: 10.3390/s19214762
    Quality of service (QoS)-aware data gathering in static-channel based underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is severely limited due to location and time-dependent acoustic channel communication characteristics. This paper proposes a novel cross-layer QoS-aware multichannel routing protocol called QoSRP for the internet of UWSNs-based time-critical marine monitoring applications. The proposed QoSRP scheme considers the unique characteristics of the acoustic communication in highly dynamic network topology during gathering and relaying events data towards the sink. The proposed QoSRP scheme during the time-critical events data-gathering process employs three basic mechanisms, namely underwater channel detection (UWCD), underwater channel assignment (UWCA) and underwater packets forwarding (UWPF). The UWCD mechanism finds the vacant channels with a high probability of detection and low probability of missed detection and false alarms. The UWCA scheme assigns high data rates channels to acoustic sensor nodes (ASNs) with longer idle probability in a robust manner. Lastly, the UWPF mechanism during conveying information avoids congestion, data path loops and balances the data traffic load in UWSNs. The QoSRP scheme is validated through extensive simulations conducted by NS2 and AquaSim 2.0 in underwater environments (UWEs). The simulation results reveal that the QoSRP protocol performs better compared to existing routing schemes in UWSNs.
  20. Synthesis, molecular docking, dynamic simulations, kinetic mechanism, cytotoxicity evaluation of N-(substituted-phenyl)-4-{(4-[(E)-3-phenyl-2-propenyl]-1-piperazinyl} butanamides as tyrosinase and melanin inhibitors: In vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches
    Raza H, Abbasi MA, Aziz-Ur-Rehman, Siddiqui SZ, Hassan M, Abbas Q, et al.
    Bioorg Chem, 2020 01;94:103445.
    PMID: 31826809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103445
    In the current research work, different N-(substituted-phenyl)-4-{(4-[(E)-3-phenyl-2-propenyl]-1-piperazinyl}butanamides have been synthesized according to the protocol described in scheme 1. The synthesis was initiated by reacting various substituted anilines (1a-e) with 4-chlorobutanoyl chloride (2) in aqueous basic medium to give various electrophiles, 4-chloro-N-(substituted-phenyl)butanamides (3a-e). These electrophiles were then coupled with 1-[(E)-3-phenyl-2-propenyl]piperazine (4) in polar aprotic medium to attain the targeted N-(substituted-phenyl)-4-{(4-[(E)-3-phenyl-2-propenyl]-1-piperazinyl}butanamides (5a-e). The structures of all derivatives were identified and characterized by proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and Infra-Red (IR) spectral data along with CHN analysis. The in vitro inhibitory potential of these butanamides was evaluated against Mushroom tyrosinase, whereby all compounds were found to be biologically active. Among them, 5b exhibited highest inhibitory potential with IC50 value of 0.013 ± 0.001 µM. The same compound 5b was also assayed through in vivo approach, and it was explored that it significantly reduced the pigments in zebrafish. The in silico studies were also in agreement with aforesaid results. Moreover, these molecules were profiled for their cytotoxicity through hemolytic activity, and it was found that except 5e, all other compounds showed minimal toxicity. The compound 5a also exhibited comparable results. Hence, some of these compounds might be worthy candidates for the formulation and development of depigmentation drugs with minimum side effects.
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