MyMedR

Antagonistic activities of mosquito larvicidal Bacillus sphaericus (Neide) against some pathogenic bacteria

Seleena P, Lee HL

Indian J Med Res, 1993 Mar;97:83-4.

Mosquitocidal strains of B. sphaericus serotype H-5a5b were shown for the first time to exhibit antagonistic activities against several human pathogens especially Salmonella. These strains of B. sphaericus also exhibited high larval toxicity against several mosquitoes.

Antibiotic prophylaxis in elective colorectal surgery

Gul YA, Lian LH, Jabar FM, Moissinac K

ANZ J Surg, 2002 Apr;72(4):275-8.

PMID: 11982514

Antibiotics are often administered in elective colorectal surgery to prevent wound infection. The tendency for surgeons to prolong the administration of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in the postoperative period is a well-known fact. The aim of this study was to elucidate the pattern of prophylactic antibiotic utilization in elective colorectal surgery and to determine if evidence-based medicine is employed in relation to this practice.

Randomized controlled trial of oral versus intravenous fluid supplementation on serum bilirubin level during phototherapy of term infants with severe hyperbilirubinaemia

Boo NY, Lee HT

J Paediatr Child Health, 2002 Apr;38(2):151-5.

PMID: 12030996

OBJECTIVE: To compare the rates of decrease in serum bilirubin levels in severely jaundiced healthy term infants given oral or intravenous fluid supplementation during phototherapy.

METHODS: A randomized controlled study was carried out in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia over a 12-month period. Fifty-four healthy term infants with severe hyperbilirubinemia were randomized to receive either solely enteral feeds (n = 27) or both enteral and intravenous (n = 27) fluid during phototherapy.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the mean birthweight, mean gestational age, ethnic distribution, gender distribution, modes of delivery and types of feeding between the two groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the mean indirect serum bilirubin (iSB) level at the time of admission to the NICU between the enteral (359 +/- 69 micromol/L [mean +/- SD]) and intravenous group (372 +/- 59 micromol/L; P = 0.4). The mean rates of decrease in iSB during the first 4 h of phototherapy were also not significantly different between the enteral group (10.4 +/- 4.9 micromol/L per h) and intravenous group (11.2 +/- 7.4 micromol/L per h; P = 0.6). There was no significant difference in the proportion of infants requiring exchange transfusion (P = 0.3) nor in the median duration of hospitalization (P = 0.7) between the two groups. No infant developed vomiting or abdominal distension during the study period.

CONCLUSION: Severely jaundiced healthy term infants had similar rates of decrease in iSB levels during the first 4 h of intensive phototherapy, irrespective of whether they received oral or intravenous fluid supplementation. However, using the oral route avoided the need for intravenous cannulae and their attendant complications.

Fulltext Education of the public on cardio-pulmonary resuscitation: issues and challenges

Lee HT, Low BT

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Jun;54(2):167-8.

PMID: 10972024

Studies on the effect of translocation of chemical insecticides in Eicchornia host plant on Mansonia mosquitos--a potential control method

Lee HL, Singh KI

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1993;24 Suppl 2:105-9.

PMID: 7526473

A novel method for the control of Mansonia larvae was developed and tested. In this method, foliar absorption and translocation of a chemical insecticide, monocrotophos, a known systemic insecticide was studied in the Eicchornia plant. Acetone solution of the insecticide was painted onto leaves of the plant. At daily intervals, stems were severed and divided into equal sections which were introduced into bowls. Larvae of Aedes aegypti were tested for the presence of monocrotophos. It was found that translocation of the insecticide occurred at different rates in the stems and in some plants the chemical was also released into the surrounding water. Based on these results, 2 insecticides namely, monocrotophos and temephos were painted onto leaves of the host plant and their translocation to the root and water environment was examined by testing with Mansonia and Aedes aegypti larvae. The results again confirmed the translocation process and it was found that the insecticides were secreted into the surrounding water, thereby killing the larvae. However, in leaves painted with permethrin (synthetic pyrethroid) or flufenoxuron (chitin synthesis inhibitor), such a process was not detected. The potential of this new concept in Mansonia larval control is examined.

Fulltext Does transovarial transmission of dengue virus occur in Malaysian Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus?

Lee HL, Mustafakamal I, Rohani A

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1997 Mar;28(1):230-2.

PMID: 9322311

Fulltext Glutathion S-transferase activity and DDT-susceptibility of Malaysian mosquitos

Lee HL, Chong WL

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1995 Mar;26(1):164-7.

PMID: 8525405

Comparative DDT-susceptibility status and glutathion s-transferase (GST) activity of Malaysian Anopheles maculatus, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti was investigated to ascertain the role of this enzyme in DDT resistance. The standardised WHO dose-mortality bioassay tests were used to determine DDT susceptibility in these mosquitos, whilst GST microassay (Brogdon and Barber, 1990) was conducted to measure the activity of this enzyme in mosquito homogenate. It appeared that DDT susceptibility status of Malaysian mosquitos was not correlated with GST activity.

Fulltext Human aural myiasis

Lee HL, Yong YK

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1991 Jun;22(2):274-5.

PMID: 1948291

Fulltext Concurrent Influenza A and Pulmonary Melioidosis in pregnancy

Tan WF, Lee HG

Med J Malaysia, 2021 03;76(2):245-247.

PMID: 33742637

Melioidosis is endemic in Sabah. It causes significant morbidity and mortality if diagnosis and treatment is delayed. Important risk factors include diabetes, chronic kidney diseases, chronic lung diseases, thalassaemia, immunosuppressive therapy, and hazardous alcohol consumption. Influenza A is usually a self-limiting disease but is associated with high morbidity and mortality in highrisk populations especially during pregnancy. Both melioidosis and influenza A commonly present in patients with pneumonia. Secondary bacterial pneumonia is a known complication in approximately one third of patients with severe pneumonia due to influenza A, resulting in intensive care unit admissions. However, melioidosis is not commonly recognized as an aetiology in secondary bacterial pneumonia complicating influenza A infection. This is important as empirical antibiotics that are used to treat secondary bacterial pneumonia due to influenza A often do not cover melioidosis. Here we report a rare case of concurrent pulmonary melioidosis and influenza A in a 30- year-old primigravida at 27 weeks of pregnancy in the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia to highlight the challenge in the recognition and management of both infections in a melioidosis endemic area.

Fulltext Laboratory bioefficacy of CREEK 1.0G (temephos) against Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) larvae

Chen CD, Lee HL

Trop Biomed, 2006 Dec;23(2):220-3.

PMID: 17322825 MyJurnal

The bioefficacy of a commercial formulation of temephos, Creek against Aedes aegypti larvae was studied in the laboratory. Earthen jars were filled with 10 L tap water each. One g of temephos (Creek) sand granule formulation was added into each earthen jar as recommended by the manufacturer. The final test concentration of Creek was 1 mg a.i./L. One earthen jar was filled with 10 L tap water and served as a test control (untreated). Thirty late 3(rd) or early 4(th) instar of lab-bred Ae. aegypti larvae were added into each earthen jar. Mortality of the larvae was recorded after 24 hours and percent mortality was calculated. Test was repeated every week. The results showed that complete larval mortality was achieved after 24 hours. The residual effect lasted 15 weeks (105 days), indicating that Creek is effective at the dosage recommended by the manufacturer which is 1 mg a.i./L.

Fulltext A case of human nasopharyngeal myiasis caused by Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve, 1914 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Malaysia

Lee HL, Krishnasamy M, Jeffery J

Trop Biomed, 2005 Jun;22(1):87-8.

PMID: 16880761

Fulltext A fatal case of anaphylactic shock caused by the lesser banded hornet, Vespa affinis indosinensis in peninsular Malaysia

Lee HL, Krishnasamy M, Jeffery J

Trop Biomed, 2005 Jun;22(1):81-2.

PMID: 16880759 MyJurnal

The hornets are a group of venomous stinging insects that at times cause human death. A fatal case of a child stung by the lesser banded hornet Vespa affinis indosinesis is reported. Though often covered by the mass media, this constitutes the first scientifically reported case.

Visceral larva migrans in Malaya. Report of a case

Lee HF, Danaraj TJ

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1972 Mar;21(2):174-7.

PMID: 5061275

Benign osteoblastoma of the maxilla

Yip WK, Lee HT

Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol., 1974 Aug;38(2):259-63.

PMID: 4528442

Herpes Zoster

Lee HT, Soon SK

Dent J Malaysia Singapore, 1970 May;10(1):39-43.

PMID: 5271013

Fulltext Toxicity of imidacloprid gel bait against laboratory strain of periplaneta americana (l.) (dictyoptera : blattidae) and blattella germanica (l.) (dictyoptera : blattellidae)

CoRe, H. W., Lee, H. L., M. Sofian-Azirun, Nura-Muna, A. H., Chen, C. D., O. Wan-Norafikah

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2017;15(2):37-42.

MyJurnal

The efficacy of a 2.15% imidacloprid gel bait against laboratory strain Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica
was evaluated under laboratory conditions. The susceptibility trend of both species towards imidacloprid was: adult male
< adult female < nymphs. All stages of both species were dead within 10 days in primary poisoning testing. Periplaneta
americana adult male (LT50 = 0.47 h; LT95 = 5.24 h) died fastest, while nymphs of B. germanica took the longest time to
reach 95% mortality (LT95 = 43.84 h). In indirect exposure via secondary poisoning, only adult males of P. americana (LT50
= 100.63 h) and B. germanica (LT50 = 54.66 h) obtained 50% mortality before the testing ended. No complete mortalities
were achieved in any stages of both species within 10 days of secondary poisoning testing. Therefore, imidacloprid gel
bait used in this study was able to cause complete mortalities within less than 2 days of 10-day primary poisoning testing
but less effective in the 10-day secondary poisoning testing.

Fulltext Field evaluation of the efficacy of the mosquito killing system

O. Wan-Norafikah, CoRe , H. W., Azahari, A. H., K. Kamal-Hidayat, Lee , H. L., I. Saleh

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2017;15(2):9-18.

MyJurnal

A preliminary field study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a mosquito trap; Mosquito Killing System (MKS) in
capturing mosquitoes and other insects. MKS has an automatic activation by the use of a photocell. It is also supplemented
with carbon dioxide and heat as attractants for mosquitoes and other insects. Three units of MKS were employed at three
different locations within two study sites for ten days. The mosquitoes and other insects that were trapped in MKS were
collected and morphologically identified daily in the laboratory. A total of 1,928 mosquitoes and other insects were
trapped in all units of MKS. High numbers of mosquitoes (93.05%), particularly Aedes sp. and Culex sp. were captured
from MKS. Among these, Culex quinquefasciatus (91.81%) was most abundant species collected. Only 0.84% of Aedes
aegypti and Aedes albopictus trapped in MKS. Female mosquitoes (83.44%) were found to be more attracted to MKS
compared to male mosquitoes of various species. These findings illustrated the potency of MKS utilization in surveillance
and control activities of Cx. quinquefasciatus; a nuisance mosquito and also potential vector of urban brancroftian
filariasis in Malaysia.

Fulltext Effect of Vietnamese coriander (Persicaria odorata), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and asam gelugor (Garcinia atroviridis) leaf on the microbiological quality of gulai tempoyak paste

Abdul Aris, M. H., Lee, H. Y., Hussain, N., Ghazali, H., Nordin, W. N., Mahyudin, N. A.

International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(4):1657-1661.

MyJurnal

The objective of this study was to determine microbiological quality of gulai tempoyak paste (GTP) added with three different leaf; Vietnamese coriander, turmeric and asam gelugor. The GTP was cooked for 10 minutes with control temperature (60-70°C) and the leaf were added at 2, 5 and 8 minutes during the cooking time to give exposure times of 8, 5 and 2 minutes of the leaf to GTP. GTP without addition of leaf was treated as control and all the prepared GTPs were stored at 30°C for 2 days before analysed using total plate count (TPC) and yeast and mould count (YMC). The addition of asam gelugor leaf to GTP for 5 minutes of the cooking period significantly (p > 0.05) reduced TPC (log10 3.54 CFU/g) compared to Vietnamese coriander (log10 4.67 CFU/g) and turmeric leaf (log10 4.70 CFU/g). Asam gelugor leaf also showed a significant difference in TPC reduction (log10 4.44 CFU/g) when added to GTP for 8 minutes compared to Vietnamese coriander (log10 5.10 CFU/g), but was insignificant to turmeric leaf (log10 4.71 CFU/g). In conclusion, there are significant effects on microbiological quality of GTP when added with Vietnamese coriander, turmeric and asam gelugor leaf at different exposure time based on TPC and YMC.

Concurrent COVID-19 and dengue with hyperferritinaemia: A case report

Saw YT, Lee HG

Med J Malaysia, 2021 11;76(6):918-920.

PMID: 34806685

The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) poses a bigger challenge to the population in tropical countries where dengue fever is also endemic as both diseases share similar clinical and laboratory features. In COVID-19, hyperferritinaemia is associated with severe disease and clinical outcome while in dengue fever, hyperferritinaemia is a key feature of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), which is a complication with high mortality. In this case report, we present a case of coinfection of COVID-19 and dengue with hyperferritinaemia in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia.

Fulltext Pyloric stenosis in the ethnic groups of Singapore

Chong AYH, Lee HP

Singapore Med J, 1976 Sep;17(3):181-3.

PMID: 1019617

The incidence of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis among 141,215 Chinese, Malay and Indian live births in Singapore from 1972 to 1974 was determined. The incidence per 100,000 live births among these ethnic groups are: Chinese 21.2, Malay 9.7 and Indian 35.0. Pyloric stenosis is not absent although rare in oriental babies.

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