Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 357 in total

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  1. Lee SV, Bahaman AR
    Trop Biomed, 2010 Aug;27(2):351-4.
    PMID: 20962737
    Agarose gel electrophoresis is the standard method that is used to separate, identify, and purify DNA fragments. However, this method is time-consuming and capable of separating limited range of fragments. A new technique of gel preparation was developed to improve the DNA fragment analysis via electrophoresis.
  2. Ooi SY, Lee SW
    Med J Malaysia, 2017 12;72(6):367-369.
    PMID: 29308776 MyJurnal
    Pneumonia is primarily a disease that is usually managed medically with antibiotics. However, in rare cases it may progress to necrotising pneumonia, which is an uncommon but severe complication of bacterial pneumonia. This case illustrates a typical case of necrotising pneumonia complicated with parenchymal and pleural complication such as empyema, pneumothorax with possible bronchopleural fistula. Early consultation with thoracic surgeon can be life-saving.
  3. Lee SM, Wong NW
    Singapore Med J, 1994 Feb;35(1):53-6.
    PMID: 8009280
    A prospective comparative study was carried out on thirty-seven consecutive patients presenting with bleeding oesophageal varices at University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. All patients received injection sclerotherapy if active bleeding was seen at the time of initial endoscopy, followed by repetitive courses of sclerotherapy to obliterate the varices. Predominant aetiological factors were hepatitis-B cirrhosis (43%) and alcoholic cirrhosis (30%). Chinese ethnic group accounted for 62.5% of hepatitis-B cirrhotics and Indian 73% of alcoholic cirrhotics. After excluding patients lost to follow-up, analysis of the remaining thirty-four patients showed reduced long-term survival in patients with Child's C disease. Log-rank analysis of survival curves between hepatitis-B cirrhosis and alcoholic cirrhosis in patients with Child's C liver disease showed no significant difference in long-term survival (p = 0.07). However, six deaths were seen in hepatitis-B cirrhosis compared to one death in alcoholic cirrhosis in the first eight months of follow-up. Most patients died from progressive liver failure. Median survival for Child's C hepatitis-B cirrhosis was 7.5 months whereas this had not been reached for Child's C alcoholic cirrhosis (median follow-up 11.6 months). We conclude that variceal haemorrhage in Child's C hepatitis-B cirrhosis is a bad prognostic sign and is associated with reduced survival with a median survival of 7.5 months despite control of the variceal bleed.
  4. Lee ST, Amin MJ
    Singapore Med J, 1994 Dec;35(6):591-4.
    PMID: 7761882
    Nonsedating selective peripheral H1 receptor antagonists are an important advance in antihistaminic therapy in allergic patients. This is a randomised, double-blind parallel group study comparing the use of two such agents viz loratadine 10mg daily and astemizole 10mg daily for two weeks in 39 Malaysian allergic rhinitis patients. At these dosages, both drugs were demonstrated to be efficacious (p < 0.05) for controlling nasal symptoms and safe in terms of short term biochemical and haematological changes and adverse effects noted. Evaluating efficacy criteria utilised in this study loratadine and astemizole were comparable but loratadine was significantly more effective in three areas viz: (i) in diminishing nasal symptoms after 2 weeks of treatment (p = 0.03); (ii) physician's efficacy evaluation after 2 weeks' treatment (p = 0.009); (iii) patient's efficacy evaluation after 2 weeks' treatment (p = 0.019).
    Study site: Allergy clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  5. Yip FW, Lee SH
    Singapore Med J, 1992 Dec;33(6):643-4.
    PMID: 1488683
    Renal angiomyolipoma is a benign tumour of the kidney which is often mistaken for a renal cell carcinoma resulting in an unnecessary nephrectomy. It can be diagnosed preoperatively and managed conservatively without surgery. Large symptomatic renal angiomyolipomas can often be treated by renal-sparing surgery. We report a case of a large renal angiomyolipoma diagnosed preoperatively and excised completely with preservation of the kidney.
  6. Lee ST, Krishnan MM
    Singapore Med J, 1991 Feb;32(1):50-2.
    PMID: 2017707
    Congenital branchial fistula and their embryology is well described in the literature. The accepted standard treatment method includes stepladder excision for extensive fistulas. This paper presents two cases (Case 1 and 2) which are embryologically typical of second and third arch origin respectively; and a third case (Case 3) which has not been previously described. Case 3 appears to be a hitherto unreported combination of first and second arch origin. Case 1 and 2 were treated via a standard stepladder excision approach. A different newer approach was utilised in Case 3, that is, stripping of the fistulous tract with Myer's vein stripper. Unlike the stepladder approach, this is simple and avoids extensive time consuming dissection. However, being a blind procedure, it is not generally advocated if vital structures exist in the proximity.
  7. Namasivayam P, Lee S, O'Connor M, Barnett T
    J Clin Nurs, 2014 Jan;23(1-2):173-80.
    PMID: 23651099 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12242
    AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To describe the process that nurses experienced in engaging with families in Malaysian palliative care settings and the challenges they faced.
    BACKGROUND: In palliative care settings, nurses and the terminally ill person's family members interact very closely with each other. It is important for nurses to work with families to ensure that the care of the terminally ill person is optimised.
    RESEARCH DESIGN: A qualitative design using grounded theory methods was used to describe how nurses engaged with families and the challenges they faced.
    METHODS: Twenty-two nurses from home care and inpatient palliative care settings across Malaysia participated in this study. Data were collected through seven interviews and eight focus group discussions conducted between 2007-2009.
    RESULTS: The main problem identified by nurses was the different expectations to patient care with families. The participants used the core process of Engaging with families to resolve these differences and implemented strategies described as Preparing families for palliative care, Modifying care and Staying engaged to promote greater consistency and quality of care. When participants were able to resolve their different expectations with families, these resulted in positive outcomes, described as Harmony. However, negative outcomes of participants not being able to resolve their different expectations with families were Disharmony.
    CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of engaging and supporting families of the terminally ill as well as providing a guide that may be used by nurses and carers to better respond to families' needs and concerns.
    RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The study draws attention to the need for formal palliative care education, inclusive of family care, to enable nurses to provide the terminally ill person and their family effective and appropriate care.
    KEYWORDS: Malaysia; beliefs; families; grounded theory; multicultural; nurses; nursing care; palliative care; terminally ill
  8. Saravana K, Zainal AA, Lee SK
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Aug;66(3):273-5.
    PMID: 22111460 MyJurnal
    Coeliac artery thrombosis with ischaemia is a rare condition, which usually presents with severe peptic ulcer disease symptoms. It is usually associated with risk factors for thrombosis or embolism. The manifestation is rare because of large number of collaterals between the coeliac and superior mesentery artery. Early detection and intervention is required to prevent the progression of its complications that includes gastric ischaemic necrosis.
  9. Olutoye MA, Lee SC, Hameed BH
    Bioresour Technol, 2011 Dec;102(23):10777-83.
    PMID: 21983406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.033
    Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were produced from palm oil using eggshell modified with magnesium and potassium nitrates to form a composite, low-cost heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification. The catalyst, prepared by the combination of impregnation/co-precipitation was calcined at 830 °C for 4 h. Transesterification was conducted at a constant temperature of 65 °C in a batch reactor. Design of experiment (DOE) was used to optimize the reaction parameters, and the conditions that gave highest yield of FAME (85.8%) was 5.35 wt.% catalyst loading at 4.5 h with 16:1 methanol/oil molar ratio. The results revealed that eggshell, a solid waste, can be utilized as low-cost catalyst after modification with magnesium and potassium nitrates for biodiesel production.
  10. Tang IP, Lee SC, Shashinder S, Raman R
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):155-8.
    PMID: 20058577
    This is a retrospective study. The objective of this study is to review the factors influencing the outcome of treatment for the patients presented with idiopathic facial nerve paralysis. The demographic data, clinical presentation and management of 84 patients with idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell's palsy) were collected from the medical record office, reviewed and analyzed from 2000 to 2005. Thirty-four (72.3%) out of 47 patients who were treated with oral prednisolone alone, fully recovered from Bell's palsy meanwhile 36 (97%) out of 37 patients who were treated with combination of oral prednisolone and acyclovir fully recovered. The difference was statistically significant. 42 (93.3%) out of 45 patients who presented within three days to our clinic, fully recovered while 28 (71.8%) out of 39 patients presented later then three days had full recovery from Bell's palsy. The difference was statistically significant. The outcome of full recovery is better with the patients treated with combined acyclovir and prednisolone compared with prednisolone alone. The patients who were treated after three days of clinical presentation, who were more than 50 years of age, who had concurrent chronic medical illness and facial nerve paralysis HB Grade IV to VI during initial presentation have reduced chance of full recovery of facial nerve paralysis.
  11. Rohela M, Johari S, Jamaiah I, Init I, Lee SH
    PMID: 17121288
    We are reporting a case of a 43-year-old Chinese male from Hong Kong, who came to see a doctor complaining of acute onset of severe upper abdominal pain. A diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was made and an emergency cholecystectomy was carried out. On opening the common bile duct, lancet-shaped worms were seen emerging from it. About 45 adult worms were collected and sent to the Department of Parasitology University of Malaya for identification. The worms were identified as Clonorchis sinensis. After the operation the patient was treated with praziquantel and he had an uneventful recovery.
  12. Lee WS, Lee SP, Boey CCM
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Mar;54(1):22-5.
    PMID: 10972000
    Two hundred and ninety five children admitted with acute gastroenteritis from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1996 to the Paediatric unit, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, were reviewed. Eighty-nine percent of children received treatment before admission. Information regarding the type of treatment received were available in 152 (52%) cases. Eighty percent of them were prescribed medications, 40% were prescribed glucose-electrolyte mixtures, and 13% were advised a change of formula. Only 18 children (12%) were advised to take glucose-electrolyte mixtures alone. The four most common prescribed drugs were: antibiotics (43%), antipyretics (39%), antidiarrhoeal agents (30%), and antiemetics (24%). The use of antibiotics, antiemetics and antidiarrhoeal drugs for children with acute gastroenteritis among primary care doctors appears to be common. The use of glucose-electrolyte mixtures was uncommon.
  13. Koh KB, Lam HS, Lee SH
    Br J Urol, 1993 May;71(5):609-11.
    PMID: 8518872
    Four cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis are reported and the pathogenesis, surgical implications and preferred mode of management are discussed. We have not found percutaneous drainage to be useful, but feel there is an important place for surgical drainage alone because of the potential for renal recovery and the risks of emergency nephrectomy.
  14. Lee SH, Cheah DS, Poopalarachagan S, Sivanesaratnam V
    Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1991 Nov;31(4):372-5.
    PMID: 1799358
    Major perineal injuries following obstetrical complications represent difficult problems of reconstruction. We describe 2 such patients with perineal injuries simulating infantile cloacas. Surgical repair using an abdominoperineal pullthrough procedure in 1 patient, and a Bricker loop type of repair in another resulted in successful restoration of function in both. The operative details and basis for the reconstruction are described.
  15. Lee SH, Yii NW, Hanifah YA
    J R Coll Surg Edinb, 1991 Oct;36(5):323-7.
    PMID: 1757914
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as an important cause of nosocomial infections in recent years. During 1988 in the Department of Surgery of the University Hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 148 patients were shown to be infected or colonized with these organisms. The patients at risk were those who stay in hospital for greater than 14 days, those over 50 years of age, patients who underwent neurosurgery, cardiothoracic surgery, or were admitted with major burns. Of the 148 patients, 78 (52.7%) were clinically infected, the remaining 70 being colonized. A total of 28 patients died (18.9%) but only five (3.4%) as a direct result of this infection. The estimated annual cost of controlling the organism was found to be approximately MR$250,000. (50,000 pounds). This nosocomial infection therefore represents a serious problem, especially in developing countries where health funding and health facilities are limited.
  16. Fong PH, Yeap CL, Lee ST
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1983 Apr;12(2 Suppl):363-5.
    PMID: 6625521
    Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital abnormality seen in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital. A total of 461 operative cases seen over a period of 5 years (1977 to 1981) is analysed. There is a relatively high incidence in the Singapore population of 2.0 per 1000 live births. In both cleft lip and cleft palate deformities, there is no significant difference in the sex distribution. The cleft patterns show that 78% of the cases are unilateral clefts, 53% are left sided, 25% are right sided and 22% of the cases are bilateral clefts.
  17. Lee S, Roh Y, Kim KW
    Environ Geochem Health, 2019 Feb;41(1):71-79.
    PMID: 29761243 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0121-0
    Mercuric species, Hg(II), interacts strongly with dissolved organic matter (DOM) through the oxidation, reduction, and complexation that affect the fate, bioavailability, and cycling of mercury, Hg, in aquatic environments. Despite its importance, the reactions between Hg(II) and DOM have rarely been studied in the presence of different concentrations of chloride ions (Cl-) under anoxic conditions. Here, we report that the extent of Hg(II) reduction in the presence of the reduced DOM decreases with increasing Cl- concentrations. The rate constants of Hg(II) reduction ranged from 0.14 to 1.73 h-1 in the presence of Cl- and were lower than the rate constant (2.41 h-1) in the absence of Cl-. Using a thermodynamic model, we showed that stable Hg(II)-chloride complexes were formed in the presence of Cl-. We further examined that H(0) was oxidized to Hg(II) in the presence of the reduced DOM and Cl- under anoxic conditions, indicating that Hg(II) reduction is inhibited by the Hg(0) oxidation. Therefore, the Hg(II) reduction by the reduced DOM can be offset due to the Hg(II)-chloride complexation and Hg(0) oxidation in chloride-rich environments. These processes can significantly influence the speciation of Hg and have an important implication for the behavior of Hg under environmentally relevant concentrations.
  18. Lee S, Abdullah A, Jhanjhi N, Kok S
    PeerJ Comput Sci, 2021;7:e350.
    PMID: 33817000 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.350
    The Industrial Revolution 4.0 began with the breakthrough technological advances in 5G, and artificial intelligence has innovatively transformed the manufacturing industry from digitalization and automation to the new era of smart factories. A smart factory can do not only more than just produce products in a digital and automatic system, but also is able to optimize the production on its own by integrating production with process management, service distribution, and customized product requirement. A big challenge to the smart factory is to ensure that its network security can counteract with any cyber attacks such as botnet and Distributed Denial of Service, They are recognized to cause serious interruption in production, and consequently economic losses for company producers. Among many security solutions, botnet detection using honeypot has shown to be effective in some investigation studies. It is a method of detecting botnet attackers by intentionally creating a resource within the network with the purpose of closely monitoring and acquiring botnet attacking behaviors. For the first time, a proposed model of botnet detection was experimented by combing honeypot with machine learning to classify botnet attacks. A mimicking smart factory environment was created on IoT device hardware configuration. Experimental results showed that the model performance gave a high accuracy of above 96%, with very fast time taken of just 0.1 ms and false positive rate at 0.24127 using random forest algorithm with Weka machine learning program. Hence, the honeypot combined machine learning model in this study was proved to be highly feasible to apply in the security network of smart factory to detect botnet attacks.
  19. Tan JSH, Lee S, Hiew FL
    eNeurologicalSci, 2021 Mar;22:100321.
    PMID: 33553704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2021.100321
    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive onset motor deficits with heterogenous presentations ranging from dysarthria to foot drop. Approximately 20% of the patients present with focal bulbar symptoms, in which some may remain restricted to bulbar region (isolated bulbar palsy), and the remaining eventually spreads to involve other body regions (classical ALS). Without accompanying upper and lower motor neurons signs elsewhere, differential diagnoses for isolated bulbar symptoms are extensive, include ALS variants as well as potentially treatable mimics. Therefore, it is important to take heed on every possible aetiology that may disrupt the hypoglossal nucleus, nerve, or lingual muscle itself. Herein, we illustrated a rare presentation of Group A basilar invagination, which mimicked bulbar-onset ALS.
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