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Fulltext Capgermacrenes A and B, Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from a Bornean Soft Coral, Capnella sp

Phan CS, Ng SY, Kim EA, Jeon YJ, Palaniveloo K, Vairappan CS

Mar Drugs, 2015 May;13(5):3103-15.
PMID: 25996100 DOI: 10.3390/md13053103

Two new bicyclogermacrenes, capgermacrenes A (1) and B (2), were isolated with two known compounds, palustrol (3) and litseagermacrane (4), from a population of Bornean soft coral Capnella sp. The structures of these metabolites were elucidated based on spectroscopic data. Compound 1 was found to inhibit the accumulation of the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory IL-1b and NO production by down-regulating the expression of iNOS protein in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Fulltext Satisfaction of patients receiving value added-services compared to traditional counter service for prescription refills in Malaysia

Lau BT, Nurul-Nadiah-Auni AR, Ng SY, Shuen-Wong N

Pharm Pract (Granada), 2018 03 23;16(1):1075.
PMID: 29619135 DOI: 10.18549/PharmPract.2018.01.1075

Background: Patients' satisfaction is the key parameter to measure the quality of healthcare services. Value added-services (VAS) were introduced to improve the quality of medication deliveries and to reduce the waiting time at outpatient pharmacy.
Objective: This study aimed to compare the satisfaction levels of patients receiving VAS and traditional counter service (TCS) for prescription refills in Port Dickson Hospital.
Methods: A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient pharmacy department of Port Dickson Hospital from 1 March to 30 June 2017. Systematic sampling method was utilized to recruit subjects into the study, except mail pharmacy in which universal sampling method was used. Data collection was done via telephone interviews for both groups.
Results: There was 104 and 105 in TCS and VAS group respectively. The response rate was 99.5%. Overall, a significant higher total mean satisfaction score in VAS group was observed as compared to TCS group (43.39 versus 40.49, p=0.002). The same finding was observed after confounding factors were controlled (VAS=44.66, 95% CI 43.07:46.24 versus TCS=39.88, 95% CI 38.29:41.46; p<0.001). VAS respondents reported more satisfaction than TCS respondents for both general and technical aspects. Among the VAS offered, mail pharmacy service respondents showed highest total mean satisfaction score, but no significant different was seen between groups (p=0.064).
Conclusion: VAS respondents were generally more satisfied than TCS respondents for prescription refills. A longitudinal study is necessary to examine the impact of other dimensions and other types of VAS on patients' satisfaction levels.
Study site: outpatient clinic, Hospital Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Multiple clustered dermatofibroma presenting in a segmental distribution

Bhabha FK, Magee J, Ng SY, Grills CE, Su J, Orchard D

Australas J Dermatol, 2016 Feb;57(1):e20-2.
PMID: 25557526 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12257

Multiple dermatofibromas is a rare entity consisting of more than fifteen lesions. Multiple clustered dermatofibroma is a distinct variant of multiple dermatofibromas and is defined as a well-demarcated plaque composed of individual dermatofibromas. We report a 16-year-old boy with multiple clustered dermatofibroma in a segmental distribution, which has previously not been reported in the literature.
Fulltext Terpenoids from Marine Soft Coral of the Genus Xenia in 1977 to 2019

Ng SY, Phan CS, Ishii T, Kamada T, Hamada T, Vairappan CS

Molecules, 2020 Nov 18;25(22).
PMID: 33217924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225386

Members of the marine soft coral genus Xenia are rich in a diversity of diterpenes. A total of 199 terpenes consisting of 14 sesquiterpenes, 180 diterpenes, and 5 steroids have been reported to date. Xenicane diterpenes were reported to be the most common chemical skeleton biosynthesized by members of this genus. Most of the literature reported the chemical diversity of Xenia collected from the coral reefs in the South China Sea and the coastal waters of Taiwan. Although there was a brief review on the terpenoids of Xenia in 2015, the present review is a comprehensive overview of the structural diversity of secondary metabolites isolated from soft coral genus Xenia and their potent biological activity as reported between 1977 to 2019.
Iodination improves the phototoxicity of an amphiphilic porphyrin

Topkaya D, Ng SY, Bretonnière Y, Lafont D, Chung LY, Lee HB, et al.

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2016 Dec;16:12-14.
PMID: 27475243 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.07.008
Fulltext A New Epi-neoverrucosane-type Diterpenoid from the Liverwort Pleurozia subinflata in Borneo

Kamada T, Johanis ML, Ng SY, Phan CS, Suleiman M, Vairappan CS

Nat Prod Bioprospect, 2020 Feb;10(1):51-56.
PMID: 32062804 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00232-6

New bioactive 13-epi-neoverrucosane diterpenoid, 5β-acetoxy-13-epi-neoverrucosanic acid (1) along with three known secondary metabolites, 13-epi-neoverrucosan-5β-ol (2), chelodane (3) and (E)-β-farnesene (4) were isolated from the MeOH extract of east Malaysia's liverwort Pleurozia subinflata. The chemical structure of new compound was elucidated by the analyses of its spectroscopic data (FTIR, NMR and HR-ESI-MS). These epi-neoverrucosane-type compounds seem to be notable chemosystematic markers for P. subinflata in Borneo. Compound 3 was widespread in marine sponges however this is the first record for 3 to be found in liverwort. These metabolites were tested for their antifungal potentials against selected fungi from the marine environment. Compound 1 exhibited effective antifungal activity against Lagenidium thermophilum.
Fulltext Synergistic Effect of Static Magnetic Fields and 3D-Printed Iron-Oxide-Nanoparticle-Containing Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Kao CY, Lin TL, Lin YH, Lee AK, Ng SY, Huang TH, et al.

Cells, 2022 Dec 08;11(24).
PMID: 36552731 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243967

In scaffold-regulated bone regeneration, most three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds do not provide physical stimulation to stem cells. In this study, a magnetic scaffold was fabricated using fused deposition modeling with calcium silicate (CS), iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4), and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) as the matrix for internal magnetic sources. A static magnetic field was used as an external magnetic source. It was observed that 5% Fe3O4 provided a favorable combination of compressive strength (9.6 ± 0.9 MPa) and degradation rate (21.6 ± 1.9% for four weeks). Furthermore, the Fe3O4-containing scaffold increased in vitro bioactivity and Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells' (WJMSCs) adhesion. Moreover, it was shown that the Fe3O4-containing scaffold enhanced WJMSCs' proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the osteogenic-related proteins of the scaffold. Under the synergistic effect of the static magnetic field, the CS scaffold containing Fe3O4 can not only enhance cell activity but also stimulate the simultaneous secretion of collagen I and osteocalcin. Overall, our results demonstrated that Fe3O4-containing CS/PCL scaffolds could be fabricated three dimensionally and combined with a static magnetic field to affect cell behaviors, potentially increasing the likelihood of clinical applications for bone tissue engineering.
Recent strategies to improve boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) for photodynamic cancer therapy: an updated review

Kue CS, Ng SY, Voon SH, Kamkaew A, Chung LY, Kiew LV, et al.

Photochem Photobiol Sci, 2018 Nov 01;17(11):1691-1708.
PMID: 29845993 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00113h

BODIPYs are photosensitizers activatable by light to generate highly reactive singlet oxygen (1O2) from molecular oxygen, leading to tissue damage in the photoirradiated region. Despite their extraordinary photophysical characteristics, they are not featured in clinical photodynamic therapy. This review discusses the recent advances in the design and/or modifications of BODIPYs since 2013, to improve their potential in photodynamic cancer therapy and related areas.
Active targeted ligand-aza-BODIPY conjugate for near-infrared photodynamic therapy in melanoma

Ng SY, Kamkaew A, Fu N, Kue CS, Chung LY, Kiew LV, et al.

Int J Pharm, 2020 Apr 15;579:119189.
PMID: 32126251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119189

Active targeting compound, a non-iodinated derivative of IK-IK-I2-azaBODIPY (1a) was previously reported to preferentially bind melanoma over healthy cells. In this study, we evaluate the photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficiency on melanoma cells of 1a, together with its reversed sequence compound KI-KI-I2-azaBODIPY (1b) and a non-targeted control I2-azaBODIPY-NH2 (2). All three test compounds possess absorption wavelengths in the near-infrared (NIR) region (λmax between 678 and 687 nm) which alleviate melanin interference and allow deeper tissue penetration. In vitro studies revealed 1a and 1b are promising photosensitizers with enhanced singlet oxygen generation, have increased uptake by B16-F10 melanoma cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and good photocytotoxic efficacies. Ex vivo biodistribution assays showed both 1a and 1b accumulated in the tumour. In B16-F10 tumour bearing-C57BL/6 mice, 10 mg/kg of 1b and light irradiation was found to reduce tumour volume by up to 23% at day-3. Doubling the dosage of 1b (20 mg/kg) enhanced the antitumour effect, showing 96% maximum tumour volume reduction at day-7 and tumour growth suppression for up to 12 days.
The magnitude of tyrosine kinase inhibitor induced cytopaenia on normal haematopoietic tissues in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients

Kuan JW, Ng SY, Hon SL, Lim SM, Chai AJM, Teo HG, et al.

Int J Lab Hematol, 2023 Feb;45(1):e1-e5.
PMID: 35896146 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13940
Fulltext Public's Willingness to Perform COVID-19 Self-Testing During the Transition to the Endemic Phase in Malaysia - A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Ng DL, Bin Jamalludin MA, Gan XY, Ng SY, Bin Mohamad Rasidin MZ, Felix BA, et al.

Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 2023;16:2505-2519.
PMID: 38024502 DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S439530

INTRODUCTION: Malaysia entered the transition to the endemic phase of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) on 1st April 2022. This study aims to determine the public's willingness to perform COVID-19 self-testing. Factors that influenced their willingness were also assessed.
METHODS: A nationwide, cross-sectional, and population-based study was conducted online in Malaysia from 28th April 2023 to 4th June 2023. Individuals aged 18 years and above were enrolled through the snowball sampling method. Data were analyzed by using the Chi-Square test, independent t-test, and binary logistic regression.
RESULTS: One thousand four hundred fifty-three responses were included in the analysis. Of these respondents, 89.3% were willing, 4.1% were reluctant, and 6.6% remained hesitant to perform COVID-19 self-testing, The common reasons given by those willing to perform COVID-19 self-testing included being able to self-isolate (99.0%) and seek treatment (96.3%) earlier if tested positive. The common reasons against COVID-19 self-testing included the belief that COVID-19 is equivalent to the common flu (91.7%) and having received the COVID-19 vaccine (78.3%). The isolation policy for COVID-19 was the most significant consideration for those who were still hesitant (85.4%). Women [adjusted odds ratios (OR): 2.1, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.44-3.00, p < 0.001], individuals with tertiary education (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.32-3.26, p = 0.002), those vaccinated against COVID-19 (OR: 8.1, 95% CI: 2.63-24.82, p < 0.001), and individuals with prior experience of COVID-19 self-testing (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 2.84-6.12, p < 0.001) showed a significantly higher willingness to engage in COVID-19 self-testing.
CONCLUSION: The public exhibited a high willingness to perform COVID-19 self-testing during the transition to the endemic phase in Malaysia. Future strategies to promote COVID-19 self-testing uptake in Malaysia should focus on vulnerable groups, address the common concerns among those hesitant and reluctant, and highlight the advantages of COVID-19 self-testing.