Polishing of dental ceramics has become an increasingly important procedure in restorative dentistry as allceramic restorations, which require post-cementation occlusal adjustment, are gaining in popularity. There are numerous studies in both dental and ceramic literature on polishing of dental ceramics and the effects of polishing on their mechanical properties. However, lack of standardization in polishing parameters, precludes comparison among these studies. A clear understanding is lacking of the relative roles and interdependence of handpiece speed, abrasive characteristic, and polishing load. This paper will discuss the mechanism of polishing and review the literature on polishing and its effect on the mechanical properties of ceramic restorations.
To date there is no standard protocol on evaluation of the masticatory performance in complete denture wearer even though many methods had been described in the literature for measurement of the masticatory performance of the complete denture wearers. The masticatory performances were measured either subjectively or objectively, but no positive correlation was found between subjective and objective measurement. Therefore, there is a need to standardize the objective measurement, as subjective measurements rely on patients’ perceptions, which is not reliable. Intra individual and inter individual variations that exist support the need to standardize the method of measurement.
The objectives of this study were to measure the Furcation Entrance Dimensions of first and second permanent molars in Malaysian samples and to compare the Furcation Entrance Dimensions with the blade widths of periodontal Gracey’s curette used for root surface instrumentation. A total of 199 extracted permanent teeth were measured, which comprised of 51 mandibular first molars, 51 mandibular second molars, 45 maxillary first molars and 52 maxillary second molars. Furcation Entrance Dimension was measured using calibrated test gauges. Results showed 51.91% of Furcation Entrance Dimension was
The canine teeth of the mature ferret have closed apices. They are easily accessible for operating purposes and are sufficiently large, allowing conventional cavity preparation techniques to be prepared using ordinary dental instruments. Handling of the ferret is relatively easy since it becomes quite tame after a period of time. The body weight in male is greater and the teeth larger than those of the female. The cost of purchase and maintenance of the ferret is also inexpensive. For all these reasons, the ferret male is animal of choice in dental experiments.
Arrested root development of permanent te~th can occur due to local factors such as infection and trauma or general factors such as radiation and odontodysplasia. This case report presents a 11 tooth with arrested root development requiring endodontic treatment. Following obturation with MTA, a minor surgical procedure was performed to remove periapical pathologic tissue. The tooth had remained asymptomatic at the 6-month review and the case will be followed-up for at least 2 years to ensure complete healing.
This study is conducted to compare two resin luting cements (Rely XTMARC,3M and Compolute™ESPE) on their microleakage with one composite inlay system (Filtek™ Z250 Universal Restorative Materials, 3M). Thirty conventional inlays, Class II MOIDO cavity with gingival margin I mm above the cementoenamel junction, were prepared in premolar teeth. The composite inlays were fabricated directly on the prepared teeth using layering technique. Fifteen of the inlays were cemented with RelyTMX ARC and fifteen with Compolute™ (ESPE). The specimens were kept at 370 C for 10 days before thermocycling and immersed in methylene blue 2% solution for 24 hours. The teeth were sectioned mesio-distally. The site and degree of leakage of each section was scored using a visual scoring system under a stereomicroscope at a magnification of 1.5X. Results showed that there was no significant difference in'leakage extent (p>O.05), between Rely X™ARC and Compolute™. For both materials, leakage occurred most commonly within the enamel surface and between the cement-tooth interfaces. None of the leakage occurred between inlay - cement interface. There is no significant difference in the extent of leakage between Rely XTMARC compared to Compolute™.
This study aimed to evaluate the coronal microleakage of different thickness of different restorative materials (glass ionomer cement (GIC, GC Gold Label 2), composite restoration (SDR, Dentsply Sirona) and (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE)) used as final restoration in endodontically treated teeth. 72 sound maxillary incisors were used. Following instrumentation, all canals were obturated with gutta-percha (Dentsply Maillefer) and Roth sealer (Roth International Ltd). After 2mm of gutta-percha removal below cemento-enamel junction, the crown was cut until length of 6mm from the gutta-percha to the incisal edge was achieved. The teeth were divided into four experimental groups (n=18) and access restorations were placed in different thickness combinations. Group 1 (G1): 2mm SDR + 4mm Filtek; Group 2 (G2): 4mm SDR + 2mm Filtek; Group 3 (G3): 2mm GIC + 2mm SDR + 2mm Filtek; Group 4 G4): 6mm SDR. All samples were thermocycled (500 thermal cycles between 5o and 55o C and dwell time of 30s), coated with nail varnish leaving 1mm margin around the filling material, immersed in 2% Rhodamine B solution and sectioned longitudinally. The dye penetration was observed under a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZX7) with 1.25x magnification. The data were analysed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA test and post-hoc Tukey’s HSD test. There was significant difference of microleakage among all groups. G1 showed least microleakage but with no significant difference between G1 and G3 (p=0.513) and G1 and G4 (p=0.477). G2 showed significant microleakage compared to G1, G3 and G4 (p
In response to the introduction of an integrated dental education program at University of Malaya (UM) in 2011, a study was conducted to develop a caries risk assessment model (CRA) for use in non-surgical caries management for Year 3 and 4 students of the new integrated program. Methods: The CRA model was based on risk indicators used by dental students in the Preventive Dental Clinic (PDC). Patients aged 15 years and above who attended the PDC for the first time in year 2009 and 2010 were used as study sample. Four hundred and fourteen patient names were identified from the student PDC logbook. Of the 414, 359 dental records had complete data and included in the analysis. Data were analysed using SPSS version 17.0. Chi-square test was used for group comparison and associated factors for coronal caries were analysed using Multiple Logistic Regression (MLR). Results: The final model showed that adults, brushing teeth once daily, and not having dental prosthesis/appliance were 3.31 (CI=1.64-6.69), 2.53 (CI=1.19-5.40), and 2.25 (CI=1.25-4.10) more likely to develop coronal caries, respectively, than adolescents, brushing teeth at least twice a day, and having dental prosthesis/appliance. Conclusions: The results indicate that age group, toothbrushing frequency and dental prosthesis status are significant indicators for coronal caries among patients. Outcomes of the study contributed towards bridging the gap between cariology
and preventive modules in the new integrated dental program.
The aim of the present study is to determine the “community indicator” for dental caries among secondary school children within the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (FTKL). School factors were investigated for their ability to be used as community indicators. The components encompassing school factors include: type of school, school’s examination performances at the Peperiksaan Menengah Rendah (PMR) level, in the subjects of Mathematics, Bahasa Melayu (Malay Language), Science and English, school’s socioeconomic circumstances and school’s material deprivation. The study design is ecological in nature where schools were the unit of analysis. It used aggregated data for caries experiences acquired from the Oral Health Management Information System and the school factors which were extracted from the schools’ database. The subjects involved in this study were all the (75) day type secondary schools in FTKL. However, only 55 schools had complete information both for the dental caries factor and the school factors which were available for analysis. The use of bivariate analysis suggested that the school mean DMFT was significantly associated with the schools’ performance in English (p= 0.02) and the schools’ socioeconomic code (p= 0.005). The schools’ performance in English and socioeconomic code were able to explain about 10 percent and 14 percent of the variation in the school mean DMFT respectively. The final model that included both variables together explained about 17 percent of the variation in school mean DMFT. As a conclusion, this study suggests that the schools’ performance in English at the PMR level and the schools’ socioeconomic code could be used as community indicator to identify secondary schools with higher caries level in FTKL. Nevertheless, further
improvement of the model is needed in order to create a more reliable indicator.
The aim of this research is to study how the physical changes in the maxillofacial trauma patients affect them psychologically in patients of different ages, sexes, races, socioeconomic backgrounds, types and severity of injury. The study was conducted by doing a questionnaire survey, which was divided into physical and psychological components. In the physical component, the questions were mainly related to the physical injuries to the patient, which could be visualized clinically and functionally. The psychological component consisted of analyzing the impact of the maxillofacial trauma to the psychological profile. Twenty patients of both sexes and ages, ranged from 15 to 62 years old were interviewed. The main cause of trauma was from motor vehicle accidents. This study appears to show that maxillofacial trauma may have a psychological impact on patients.
Tobacco use is linked with many serious illnesses, such as cancer, cardiopulmonary diseases, as well as with many health problems. Every year, the use of tobacco products causes a heavy toll of deaths and severe human disease worldwide. One of the many health problems linked to tobacco use is its detrimental impact on oral health. Tobacco causes a whole series of oral health problems, ranging from life-threatening (precancerous changes leading to oral cancer) and serious (periodontal disease, teeth decay) to social (bad breath). Tobacco is consumed through the mouth in a variety of forms, varied from smoked tobacco to smokeless tobacco chewing on itself or combined with areca nut. All these forms of tobacco have damaging effects on the oral health. The most significant preventive measure to prevent the oral health problems caused by tobacco use is to stop using tobacco products. The risk of developing oral cancer drops rapidly when a smoker ceases tobacco use. After ten years of not using tobacco, an ex-smoker/user's risk of oral cancers is about the same as that for someone who has never smoked. To stop using tobacco products is not an easy task. Fortunately, there are a number of therapies available to assist in quitting of tobacco. It is important to remember that, while it will be difficult, ceasing to use tobacco has immediate health benefits, including increased life expectancy and reduced risk of tobacco related diseases and conditions.
The study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and to analyse the failure mode at the resin-dentine interface of different dental adhesive systems. A total of 75 sound premolar teeth were selected and randomly assigned into five different adhesive groups (n=15): OptiBond Solo (OBS, total-etch), OptiBond Versa (OBV, two-bottles, self-etch), Adhe SE Ivoclar (ADHE, two-bottles, self-etch), G-Bond (GB, one-bottle, self-etch), and OptiBond All in One (OBO, one-bottle, self-etch). The occlusal surface of each tooth was flattened and composite resin cylinder (4x2 mm) was built up on the flat dentine surface using a custom made mould. The specimens were then subjected to 500 thermal cycles between 5 °C and 55 °C and dwell time of 20s. The SBS test was conducted using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett T3 Test. Failure mode was determined as adhesive, cohesive or mixed mode using a stereomicroscope and the data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. The total-etch (OBS) had significantly higher value of SBS than the two self-etch (ADHE and GB) adhesive systems. Within the self-etch systems, OBV showed significantly higher SBS value compared to ADHE and GB. There were no statistically significant differences between types of failure mode (p > 0.05) and adhesive group. It can be concluded that the different compositions in the self-etch adhesive materials may contribute to the different SBS value. The failure modes detected within all tested groups did not show clinically important differences.
The purpose of this study was to gather information on the oral hygiene behaviour among the visually impaired adolescents. Interview and observation methods were used to collect data. A total of 114 visually impaired adolescents were interviewed and 10 of the interviewees were selected for observation on the actual oral hygiene practices. The mean age of the sample was 16 years old. The sample comprised of 53.5% female, majority were Malays (86.8%) and most of them were from the lower income group. Fifty four percent of the sample had low vision and 45.6% were blind. All of the participants reported that they brushed their teeth daily and most of them brushed twice a day or more. Flossing (6.1%) was not common practice among this group. It was observed that they encountered some difficulties, especially when putting the toothpaste on the toothbrush and also the way that they brushed their teeth could cause detrimental effect to the oral cavity. Thus, they need to be taught on proper oral hygiene care so that they can practice safe oral hygiene care and maintain their own oral health.
According to the 3rd edition of the international
classification of headache disorders (ICHD3 2013),
Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is classified into two types:
1. Classical TN, purely paroxysmal 2. Classical TN
with concomitant persistent facial pain. In this article,
the authors describe a 47 year-old, male with unilateral,
severe, recurring, electric shock-like pain involving left
lower jaw, teeth and gingiva. Diagnosis of classical TN
of the left 3rd division of the trigeminal nerve was made.
The patient was treated with pharmacotherapeutic agents
but without relief. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
of the brain showed medial vascular compression of left
trigeminal pontine root entry zone caused by superior
cerebellar artery. A microvascular decompression (MVD)
surgery was done at the left trigeminal pontine root entry
zone resulting in good relief of pain. This article highlights
the differential diagnoses to be considered with TN and
also emphasize the difference between the two types of
the TN according to ICDH3 (2013). It also highlights the
difference between classical TN purely paroxysmal with
and without vascular compression by imaging techniques
and their differing treatment modalities, which therefore
should be reflected in future ICDH classification.
Pyknodysostosis is a rare sclerosing bone disorder with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The condition is characterized by continuous bone deposition without physiological resorption, occurring mainly in the trabecular and not the cortical bone. The skeletal features include short stature, brachycephaly, open cranial sutures and fontanelles, diffuse osteosclerosis and obtuse mandibular angles. Among the oral features observed were grooved or furrowed palate and disturbances in eruption and exfoliation of teeth. Multiple fractures of long bones and osteomyelitis of the jaw are frequent complications. These are attributed to the increased brittleness and reduced vascularity of the bone as a result of continuous endosteal bone deposition. Treatment is usually successful with surgical management and sustained bactericidal antibiotic therapy, although hyperbaric oxygen has been recommended as adjunct treatment in the more refractory form.
Objective: this study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between smoking and periodontal status in a selected Malaysian population. The sample for this cross-sectional study involved 39 subjects who were smokers. Each subject was required to answer the guided questionnaire followed by clinical examination. The questionnaires had 11 questions and were set in English and Bahasa Melayu. Basically, the questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: socio-demographic data, smoking status and subject's knowledge on periodontal health. The clinical parameters used in this study were: Community Periodontal Index, Visible Plaque score, Gingival Bleeding Index and Calculus Surface Index. Results showed that out of 39 subjects, 28 subjects (71.8%) were current smokers, followed by 6 subjects (15.4%) and 5 subjects (12.8%) who were former and who never smoked respectively. From the 216 sextants examined, 42 sextants (19.4%) were healthy gingival, 127 sextants (58.8%) suffered from gingivitis and 47 (21.8%) sextants suffered from periodontitis. There were positive relationships between smoking and periodontal status.
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of demineralized freeze-dried bone xenograft (DFDBBX) in minimizing post-surgical recession in moderate to advanced adult periodontitis in patients. Nine patients with a total of eighteen intrabony defects were matched for the tooth type, location of defects and periodontal pocket depth (5 to 7mm). Following an initial nonsurgical treatment, recession at defects indicated for surgery was measured pre-operatively. Surgical treatment was carried out by split mouth design, where the test sites were assigned DFDBBX and the control sites were subjected to debridement without the use of DFDBBX. Recessions were measured at 3 months, 6 months and 9 months post-operatively. The results showed no statistically significant difference in mean recession at 3, 6 and 9 months post-operatively compared to baseline for both test and control groups. Thus, DFDBBX was ineffective in minimizing recession on patients with moderate to severe periodontitis, as compared to surgical debridement alone.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of demineralized freeze-dried bone xenograft in reducing post-surgical pocket depth in moderate to advanced adult periodontitis in patients. Nine patients with a total of eighteen intrabony defects were selected for this study. The bony defects were matched for tooth type, location and pocket depth. Following an initial non-surgical treatment, only pockets of 5 to 7 mm deep were indicated for surgery. Periodontal pockets were measured pre-operatively and at 3, 6 and 9 months post-surgically. The study protocol included a split mouth design, where surgical treatment was carried out at both test and control sites. The test sites were assigned demineralized freeze-dried bone xenograft and the control sites were subjected to debridement alone without the use of demineralized freeze-dried bone xenograft. The results from this study showed a statistically significant difference in the mean pocket depth at 6 and 9 months post-operatively for both test and control groups, but there was no statistically significant difference at 3 months. In conclusion, demineralized freeze-dried bone xenograft was ineffective in reducing periodontal pocket depth in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis, as compared to surgical debridement alone.
Desmoid tumor of the mandible, or desmoplastic fibroma, is a rare disease with only a few cases reported in the literature. This paper presents the rare case of an elderly male with desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible with an uncommon accompanying proliferative myositis. The case is discussed with emphasis on the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and treatment of this lesion.
The purpose of this study was to assess the association of bottle feeding and oral hygiene practices with the
severity of caries among 3 to 5-year-old children with Early Childhood Caries (ECC). This cross-sectional
study was carried out on pediatric dental patients with ECC attending a public university hospital. The
parents or guardians were interviewed for the bottle-feeding pattern and oral hygiene practices followed
by a clinical dental examination of their children with ECC. Data analysis was done using Chi squared test.
Out of 32 children, 69% had severe early childhood caries with mean dft of 8.88. In this study, 87.5% of
the subjects had a history of bottle feeding, with 53.1% still being bottle fed at the time of study. Current
bottle-feeding habit was found to be statistically significant with the severity of caries (p=0.021). Majority
(69 %) of the children were introduced to tooth brushing only after 1 year of age. About 40% of the children
consumed either pre-chewed rice and/or shared spoons or feeding utensils with their parents or siblings
but there was no significant association with the severity of caries (p=1.00). Because of its association with
ECC, prolonged bottle feeding is significantly associated with the severity of caries in our study population.
Besides, vertical and horizontal transmission of bacteria was also a risk factor for ECC, but it did not show
any significant association with severity of ECC.