Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 940 in total

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  1. Othman, M., Boo, H.C., Wan Rusni, W.I.
    MyJurnal
    The role of adolescents in family decision making related to food consumption in Malaysia has received comparatively little or no attention by researchers although there were evidences of differences in influences found in other countries. This study addressed the research gap by testing adolescents’ bilateral strategies in influencing their family decision using family power theory. A survey of 500 adolescents from urban area was conducted to investigate their influence based on their involvement in family consumer tasks. Key findings include strong relationship between perception of influence and rewards thus indicate the existence of strategies in adolescents influence attempt.
  2. Noh, C.H.C., Azmin, N.F.M., Amid, A., Asnawi, A.L.
    MyJurnal
    Bioactive compounds are one of the natural products used especially for medicinal, pharmaceutical and food application. Increasing research performed on the extraction, isolation and identification of bioactive compounds, however non to date has explored on the identification of flavonoids classes. Therefore, this study was focused on the development of algorithm for rapid identification of flavonoids classes which are flavanone, flavone and flavonol and also their derivatives. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis, which is Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilized. The results exhibited that few significant wavenumber range provides the identification and characterization of the flavonoids classes based on PCA algorithm. The study concluded that FTIR coupled with PCA analysis can be used as a molecular fingerprint for rapid identification of flavonoids.
  3. Mary Margaret, P.D.S., Jinap, S., Ahmad Faizal, A.R.
    MyJurnal
    Allergy caused by food is usually type 1 allergy of four types of allergic reactions. One of the most widespread allergic is those that are caused by crustacean shellfish. Crustaceans are classified among arthropods which include crab, crayfish, lobster, prawn and shrimp. Shrimp which are broadly consumed as nutritional food is one of the most important food that contribute to allergy. Thus, reducing the allergenicity of shrimp allergen will be helpful to individuals who are sensitive to shrimp and for this reason the characteristics of each allergen need to be studied. Those sensitized individuals can develop urticaria, angiodema, laryngospasm, asthma and life threatening anaphylaxis. To date, four main allergens contribute to allergic reactions. They are tropomyosin (TM), a highly conserved and heat stable myofibrillar protein of 35-38 kDa followed by arginine kinase (AK) which is also known as Pen m 2 or Lit v 2 with 40 kDa. Two other contributing allergens are sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein (SCP) also known as Lit v 4 with 22 kDa and myosin light chain (MLC) which is also termed as Lit v 3 with 20 kDa. This mini-review will provide a better understanding of each allergen derived from shrimp which subsequently will help to reduce the allergenicity.
  4. Sabullah, M. K., Gansau, A. J., Ahmad, S. A., Shamaan, N. A., Khalid, A., Sulaiman, M. R.
    MyJurnal
    The environmental toxicants such as copper are known to affect vital organ especially liver.
    This study examined the effects of copper sulfate (CuSO4) on the liver morphological structure
    of P. javanicus. The untreated control, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/L CuSO4 treated groups displayed normal
    polygonal structure of the hepatocyte. However, at the concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L
    CuSO4, the hepatostructure was significantly affected, as shown by the increasing number of
    dilation and congestion of sinusoids, vacuolation, macrophage activities and peliosis. The
    damage level and HSI value were increased while the number of hepatic nuclei per mm2 was
    decreased with the increasing of copper concentration. In conclusion, this study shows that the
    degree of liver damage in P.javanicus is dependent to the dose exposure.
  5. Sharifah Azizah, T.N., Nik Shanita, S., Hasnah, H.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study was to determine the specific content and type of sugars in selected commercial and traditional kuih in Klang Valley. The selection of the kuih was based on the validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for sugar. The selected commercial kuih was doughnut coated with sugar (Big Apple) while the ten traditional kuih samples consisted of kuih bingka ubi, kuih kasui, kuih keria, kuih koci, kuih lapis, kuih lopes, kuih onde-onde, kuih sagu, kuih seri muka and kuih talam. The doughnut coated with sugar (Big Apple) was purchased from Big Apple Donuts and Coffee franchise at two different locations, while the traditional kuih were randomly bought from stalls, cafeterias and restaurants around Kuala Lumpur and Rawang. The types and amount of sugar were determined using High Performance High Chromatography (HPLC) with a refractive index (RI) detector. Results showed that doughnut coated with sugar (Big Apple) has the highest starch content (22.6±0.3 g/100g) and kuih keria contained the highest available carbohydrate (41.5±1.7 g/100g), comprising of 24.2±2.4 g/100g total sugar and 17.3±0.7 g/100g of starch. The least available carbohydrate content was found in kuih talam (20.0±0.5 g/100g), which was 50% lower than the one in kuih keria. Major individual sugars detected in all kuih samples were consisted of sucrose (60.0%), glucose (16.2%), fructose (14.0%), maltose (9.5%) and lactose (0.3%). Majority of the kuih samples (90.9%) in this study can be categorized as medium sugar while only kuih keria was categorized as high sugar. Based on the two main ingredients (sugar and flour) used in the preparation of kuih, results showed that all kuih samples can be categorized as medium sugarmedium starch. In conclusion, this study served as a guideline by locals in selecting kuih of
    different sugar levels.
  6. Yusof, F., Faruck, M.O., Chowdhury, S.
    MyJurnal
    Antifungal peptides have been successfully extracted from whole body larvae of Zophobas morio (Fabricius) by using acidified isopropanol. To ensure that the extraction is cost effective for maximum yield, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using a Central Composite Design (CCD) strategy was adopted to optimize the extraction process parameters. The effect of independent parameters, namely, the homogenization temperature (°C), homogenization time (min) and solid (g) to the solvent (ml) ratio of the extraction process on the fungal growth was studied. The extracted samples obtained by conducting runs accorded by the experimental design showed varying degree of antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, the selected fungal strain, as assayed by the ‘‘Poisoned agar technique’. The investigation showed that the optimum values of the extraction parameters for the maximum antifungal peptides were 5 minutes homogenization time, 4°C homogenization temperature and 3.5:1 solid to solvent ratio. This study reports the development of an extraction process that allows careful recovery of antifungal peptides from larvae. In the validation of the experimental model, the error between the actual value and the predicted value was determined to be 3.57%.
  7. Sun, J., Jiang, Y., Amin, I., Li, Z., Prasad, K.N., Duan, X., et al.
    MyJurnal
    This research was to determine nutritional composition, essential and toxic elemental content, and major phenolic acid with antioxidant activity in Kadsura coccinea fruit. The results indicated that Kadsura coccinea fruit exhibited the high contents of total protein, total fat, ash and essential elements such as calcium (Ca), ferrum (Fe) and phosphorus (P). The levels of four common toxic elements, i.e. cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), were lower than legal limits. By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, gallic acid was identified as major phenolic acid in peel and pulp tissues. Its contents were no significant difference in both tissues. In comparison with two commercial antioxidants, the major phenolic acid extracted from Kadsura coccinea exhibited stronger 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity and reducing power. Kadsura coccinea fruit is a good source of nutrition and natural antioxidant. It is worthwhile to popularize this exotic fruit around the world.
  8. Nur Ain. A.H., Zaibunnisa, A.H., Halimahton Zahrah, M.S., Norashikin, S.
    MyJurnal
    Extraction of lemongrass oleoresin was successfully optimised using Pressurised Liquid Extraction (PLE). Character impact compounds; neral, geranial and geraniol which constituted 72% oleoresin, were monitored during this optimisation study by using GCMSD. Based on maximum extraction of these compounds, the optimised operating conditions for PLE were a temperature of 167°C, a pressure of 1203 psi and a static time of 20.43 min. The quality of PLE extract were compared with conventional extraction methods, hydrodistillation and Soxhlet extraction. The proposed method was found to be better in term of quantity of the targeted character impact compounds.
  9. Abdul-Mutalib, N.A., Syafinaz, A.N., Sakai, K., Shirai, Y.
    MyJurnal
    Foodborne disease has been associated with microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. Most commonly, the outbreaks take place due to the ingestion of pathogenic bacteria like Salmonella Typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholera, Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monocytogenes. The disease usually happens as a result of toxin secretion of the microorganisms in the intestinal tract of the infected person. Usually, the level of hygiene in the food premises reflect the quality of the food item, hence restaurant or stall with poor sanitary condition is said to be the contributor to food poisoning outbreak. In Malaysia, food poisoning cases are not rare because the hot and humid climate of this country is very suitable for the growth of the foodborne bacteria. The government is also implementing strict rules to ensure workers and owners of food premises prioritize the cleanliness of their working area. Training programme for food handlers can also help them to implement hygiene as a routine in a daily basis. A lot of studies have been done to reduce foodborne diseases. The results can give information about the types of microorganisms, and other components that affect their growth. The result is crucial to determine how the spread of foodborne bacteria can be controlled safely and the outbreak can be reduced.
  10. Paudel, P. N., Pokhrel, B., Kafle, B. K, Gyawali, R.
    MyJurnal
    Since the most of the fish consumed in the Kathmandu Valley are brought from commercial farms
    in the Terai region of Nepal and some from India, the quality characteristics of such fishes are
    foremost importance. Therefore, this study was carried out to provide the information on heavy
    metal concentrations in the muscles of nine commercial fish species available in the markets of
    Kathmandu Valley and to make people aware of the possible health risk associated with their
    consumption. The concentrations of Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Manganese
    (Mn) and Chromium (Cr) were determined in the muscles of Catla catla, Pampus species, Puntius
    chola, Eutropiichthys vacha, Pampus chinensis, Clarias batrachus, Labeo bata, Labeo rohita and
    Mystus tengara. The levels of heavy metals were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry
    after digestion of the samples using the heating digester. There were significant variations among
    heavy metal levels in the muscles of the nine fish species, and no fish types had the highest levels of
    more than two metals. First, three maximum mean concentrations of potentially toxic elements were
    found 16.75 µg/g in Puntius chola, 12.13 µg/g in Eutropiichthys vacha, 11.63 µg/g in Catla catla for
    lead; 1.45 µg/g in Puntius chola, 1.35 µg/g in Pampus species and 1.15 µg/g in Mystus tengara for
    cadmium; and 1.01 µg/g in Eutropiichthys vacha, 0.76 µg/g in Pampus species, 0.65 µg/g in Pampus
    chinensis for arsenic. Similarly, first three maximum mean concentrations of essential elements
    were found 9.88 µg/g in Puntius chola, 7.63 µg/g in Clarias batrachus, 5.75 µg/g in Catla catla
    for manganese; 89.75 µg/g in Clarias batrachus, 68.37 µg/g in Catla catla, 65.38 µg/g in Puntius
    chola for zinc; and 14.63 µg/g in Clarias batrachus, 13.13 µg/g in Pampus species, 10.50 µg/g in
    Labeo rohita for chromium. The results showed that the heavy metals were found to be higher mean
    concentrations in the sample of Puntius chola, then in Catla catla, Pampus species and Clarias
    batrachus respectively; whereas they were found to be lower mean concentration in Eutropiichthys
    vacha, Pampus chinensis, Labeo bata, Labeo rohita and Mystus tengara correspondingly. The
    total mean concentration of manganese, lead and chromium in all fish samples was found to be
    higher than the limits permitted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United
    Nations/World Health Organization (WHO) whereas the mean concentration of zinc and cadmium
    was found lower than the permissible level of FAO/WHO, National Health and Medical Research
    Council (NHMRC) and Malaysian Food and Regulations (MFR) guidelines. Similarly, the total
    mean concentration of cadmium was also found to be lower than the permissible level of Centre
    for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Boletin Oficial del Estado (BOE),
    NHMRC, European Community Regulation (EU) and MRF in all fish samples. The total mean level
    of lead was found lower than BOE guidelines. Likewise, the total mean level of chromium was
    found slightly exceeded over limits suggested by the European Economic Community (EEC). This
    study showed that all the fish samples examined were found to contain some heavy metals above the
    FAO/WHO standard levels which may cause problems on the human health. At last, this research
    work suggests that fish consumers should always bear in mind that standards cannot provide a
    margin of safety when they are not enforced locall
  11. Sarbon, N.M., Howell, N.K., Wan Ahmad, W.A.N.
    MyJurnal
    Chicken skin gelatin hydrolysates and peptides with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) activity were produced enzymatically using alcalase, pronase E, and collagenase before fractionation into
  12. Siti Azima, A.M., Noriham, A., Manshoor, N.
    MyJurnal
    The plant extract serves not only as a good source of bioactive compounds but also as natural pigment that can be applied as colourants in food and pharmaceutical products. The aim of this study were to determine the anthocyanin content of Garcinia mangostana peel extract (GMPE), Clitoria ternatea extract (CTE) and Syzigium cumini extract (SCE) in relation to their antioxidant activity and their colour properties. The antioxidant activities related to the phenolic constituents including anthocyanin content were determined based on the EC50 of DPPH radical scavenging activity and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. The colour properties of the plant extracts were measured based on their degradation index (DI), indices of polymeric colour (PC) and colour density (CD). GMPE showed higher FRAP value and lower EC50 value which were 79.37 mmoles/g and 0.11 mg/ml, respectively, as compared to SCE extract with FRAP value, 25.66 mmoles/g and EC50 value, 0.22 mg/ml. Total monomeric anthocyanin (tmAcy) exhibited a strong correlation between FRAP assay (r2 = 0.998) and DPPH assay (r2 = 0.859). GMPE showed high CD (1.63 AU), moderate PC (0.18 AU) but low in DI (1.19 AU) while SCE exhibited low in CD (0.55 AU) and PC (0.07 AU) but moderate DI (1.26 AU). CTE exhibited high in DI (5.39 AU) and PC (0.19 AU) but moderate in CD (0.55). Hence, it can be concluded that colour pigment obtained from GMPE exhibited high antioxidant activity and better colour properties as compared to SCE and the strong correlation between tmAcy and two antioxidant activity assays which are FRAP and DPPH indicated that monomeric anthocyanin plays a major role in antioxidant activity of these plant extracts.
  13. Aishah, B., Nursabrina, M., Noriham, A., Norizzah, A.R., Mohamad Shahrimi, H.
    MyJurnal
    There are many factors influencing the stability and color variation of natural colorant anthocyanin and pH is among the most significant factor. This study aims to determine the stability of the anthocyanins in freeze-dried Hibiscus sabdariffa, Melastoma malabathricum and Ipomoea batatas in various acidic pH (pH 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5). Total monomeric anthocyanin, degradation index, color density and percent polymeric color were analyzed to determine anthocyanins degradation and their color variations. Among the samples, H.sabdariffa contain the highest monomeric anthocyanins (163.3 mg/L) followed by M. malabathricum (49.9 mg/L) and the lowest is I.batatas (13.8 mg/L). Monomeric anthocyanins from I.batatas were found to be very stable and not affected by changes in pH than in H. sabdariffa and M. malabathricum. However, degradation index (DI) of H. sabdariffa was the lowest with value of 0.365 ± 0.049 at pH 3.5. The lowest percentage of polymeric color (4.94 ± 0.64) was also shown by H. sabdariffa at pH 2.5 and maintained a deep red color with increasing pH indicating higher color stability compared to M. malabathricum and I. batatas. Overall, natural pigment in H. sabdariffa was found to be the most stable in both monomeric anthocyanin content and chromaticity properties. These results provided information that will further proven the potential usage of H. sabdariffa, M. malabathricum and I. batatas as natural coloring agents to replace the synthetic colorant in food and beverage industries.
  14. Karunakaran, T., Ismail, I.S., Ee, G.C.L.
    MyJurnal
    Four types of crude extracts were obtained from the stem bark of Garcinia mangostana from which six xanthone derivatives: α-mangostin, β-mangostin, garcinone D, mangostenol, fuscaxanthone C and dulcisxanthone F were isolated. The structures of these compounds were elucidated and determined using spectroscopic techniques such as MS, 1D and 2D NMR. The in vitro anti-Bacillus assay was performed using the crude extracts as well as α-mangostin and β-mangostin against four Bacillus species; B. subtilis ATCC 6633, B. cereus ATCC 33019, B. megaterium ATCC 14581 and B. pumilus ATCC 14884. The ethyl acetate extract showed strong inhibitory activity against B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. megaterium and B. pumilus in disc diffusion assay with 10.33 ± 0.44 mm, 10.33 ± 0.44 mm, 9.00 ± 0.00 mm and 11.33 ± 0.17 mm inhibition zones, respectively. Nitric oxide inhibition activities indicated that two major compounds (α-mangostin, β-mangostin) exhibited very significant activity in the inhibition of LPS/IFN-γ stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 values of 29.81 ± 0.77 and 11.72 ± 1.16 μM, respectively. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extract of G. mangostana showed very potent activities.
  15. Mohamed, S.B., Mirghani, M.E.S., Olorunnisola, K.S., Mohamed B.A.
    MyJurnal
    Oleo gum resins are plant exudates commonly used in folk medicine for treating several disease
    conditions. Anti-cariogenic properties of essential oil (E. oil) and crude extracts obtained from
    Boswellia frereana (B. frereana), Boswellia carterii (B. carterii) and Commiphora myrrha
    (C. myrrha) were investigated. Methanol and acetone extracts of the three plants inhibited
    Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus spp. growth. Hexane extracts showed
    low anti-microbial activity. The average microbial inhibition was 14.6 mm for S. mutans and
    13.8 mm for Lactobacillus spp. regardless of solvent type. B. frereana produced 8% E. oil
    while B. carterii and C. myrrha gave 5% and 6%. B. frereana E. oil inhibited S. mutans and
    Lactobacillus spp. more than B. carterii and C. myrrha E. oils.
  16. Ayub, M.Y., Norazmir, M.N., Mamot, S., Jeeven, K., Hadijah, H.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of pink guava (Psidium guajava) puree and its anti-hypertensive effect on Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHR). Antioxidant activities of pink guava puree in water and ethanol extracts, based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, were 1.43±0.04 mg/gfm and 0.28±0.01 mg/gfm, respectively. A total of 24 male SHRs were divided into a control group, CG, and 3 treatment dosage groups [low dose group, LDG (0.5 g/kg body weight/day), medium dose group, MDG (1.0 g/kg body weight/day), and high dose group, HDG (2.0 g/kg body weight/day)]. Final body weights for treatment dosage groups were lower [MDG (313.01±31.25 g), HDG (318.56±17.96 g), LDG (320.01±22.70 g)] compared to CG (331.08±41.29 g). Final systolic blood pressure values from the beginning and the end of the experiment in MDG and HDG were 231-179 mmHg and 246-169mm Hg, respectively. These results were significantly lower when compared with CG (241-223 mmHg) from the beginning until the end of the experiment. As a conclusion, these results showed that pink guava puree has anti-hypertensive properties.
  17. Yan, S. W.., Asmah, R.
    MyJurnal
    Practiced as folk medicine since ancient times, bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi) is commonly
    consumed and widely cultivated in Malaysia. In search for naturally occurring anticancer
    agents, a potential fruit extract was found to exert anticancer properties in vitro without any
    cytotoxic effect on normal cells. This study investigated the anti-proliferative effect and
    underlying cell death pathway induced by bilimbi ethanolic extract on human non-hormonedependent
    breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Anticancer potential of bilimbi extract was
    conducted by investigating the in vitro growth inhibitory effect, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle
    progression and anti-proliferation assay. Release of caspases, cytochrome c and apoptotic
    proteins were demonstrated to determine the mechanism of cell death pathway. Findings
    revealed that bilimbi inhibited growth of MDA-MB-231 cells through the induction of
    apoptosis mediated by cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 checkpoint. Released of cytochrome c coupled
    with up-regulation of caspase-3/7, caspase-9 and Bax pro-apoptotic proteins in addition to
    down-regulation of dysfunctional p53 and Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins implied that bilimbi
    induced a p53-independent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in MDA-MB-231. These results
    suggest that bilimbi could induce tumor cell anti-proliferation through apoptosis. As a natural
    product, bilimbi could be a promising anticancer agent and an inexpensive approach to cancer
    chemoprevention strategy.
  18. Nyam, K. L., Tang, J. L. K., Long, K.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this research is to determine the antiulcer properties and percentage protection of
    Hibiscus cannabinus and Hibiscus sabdariffa seed samples towards ulcer-induced Sprague
    dawley rats. Rats were divided into six groups each for each ulceration method and fed with
    distilled water, Omeprazole, H. cannabinus seed oil (HCSO), H. cannabinus seed extract
    (HCSE), H. sabdariffa seed oil (HSSO) and H. sabdariffa seed extract (HSSE), respectively
    via oral administration. Among the two plants tested, H. cannabinus showed the best protection
    percentage towards ethanol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cold restrain
    stress induced ulcers. H. cannabinus seed extract (HSSE) exhibited an exceptionally high ulcer
    protection of 74.98 ± 0.78% against NSAIDs induced ulcer. The gastric lesions were controlled
    primarily by both mucosal protection and acid inhibition. In conclusion, addition of these seeds
    to the daily diet may reduce free radical activity in the body and reduce the risk of developing
    peptic ulcer disease.
  19. Zainin, N. S., Lau, K. Y., Zakaria, M., Son, R., Abdull Razis, A. F., Rukayadi, Y.
    MyJurnal
    An awareness of Escherichia coli as a foodborne pathogen and illness causing bacterium has been increased among consumers. Moreover, there is demand for natural product in order to reduce synthetic product that can cause toxic to the human. In this study, antibacterial activity, in term of MIC, MBC and killing-time curve of methanolic extract of Boesenbergia rotunda have been tested against a standard E. coli ATCC 25922 and two E. coli isolated from milk products using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) methods. The results show that B. rotunda extract was susceptible to all E. coli strains. The MIC and MBC values of B. rotunda extract against E. coli ranged 0.019 mg/mL 2.5 mg/mL and 0.039 mg/mL – 5.0 µg/mL, respectively. Killing-time curves were constructed at concentrations of 0x MIC, 1/2x MIC, 1x MIC, and 2x MIC. All E. coli strains can be killed with concentration of 2x MIC after 2 hours. The results show that B. rotunda extract has potential antibacterial activity against E. coli.
  20. Sylvester, W. S., Son, R., Lew, K. F., Rukayadi, Y.
    MyJurnal
    Klebsiella pneumoniae is a foodborne pathogen associated with pneumoniae. Multiresistance to antibiotics of K. pneumoniae is a significant public health treat. Recently, the use of natural products such as herbs to inhibit the growth of pathogens is increasing. Java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) has been reported to possess antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens. Unfortunately, the antibacterial activity of java turmeric extract against the resistance to multiantibiotics of K. pneumoniae has not been investigated. In this study, the antibacterial activity of Java turmeric extract was tested against 24 isolates of resistant K. pneumoniae that was isolated from several vegetables; lettuce, cucumber, tomato and carrot, using the methods recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CSLI), including disc diffusion method, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and killing time at concentration 0× MIC, ½× MIC, 1× MIC, 2× MIC and 4× MIC with predetermined time of 0, 0.25 , 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h. The results showed that Java turmeric extract is susceptible to all resistant K. pneumoniae with inhibition zones ranging from 8.67 ± 0.58 to 10.00 ± 0.00 mm. The MIC and MBC values for the K. pneumoniae isolates against all bacterial isolates was 1.25 and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. The killing time curve shows the reduction of resistant K. pneumoniae cells is fast acting; > 3 log10 within less than 15 min at 4× MIC (5.0 mg/ml). Finally, the isolates were completely killed at 4× MIC for 15 min. In conclusion, the Java turmeric extracts can be developed as natural antimicrobial agent to inhibit the growth of K. pneumoniae in food system.
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