Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 940 in total

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  1. Azlim Almey, A.A., Ahmed Jalal Khan, C., Syed Zahir, I., Mustapha Suleiman, K., 'Aisyah, M.R., Kamarul Rahim, K.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study is to determine the total phenolic content and primary antioxidant activity of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of four aromatic plants’ leaves namely knotweed (Polygonum minus), curry (Murraya koenigii), kaffir lime (Citrus hysrix) and fragrant screwpine (Pandanus odurus). Total phenolic content (TPC) assay using Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to assess the presence and level of phenolic compounds in each sample. The present study showed that both methanolic and ethanolic extracts of P. minus had the highest TPC and followed by M. koenigii, C. hystrix and P. odorus. Primary antioxidant activity in terms of free radical scavenging activities of both methanolic and ethanolic extracts was then measured by 2, 2, diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay. The lowest EC50 values based on the DPPH. radical scavenging activity were shown by P. minus extracts as compared to the other samples. For both ethanolic and methanolic extracts, the correlations between TPC and EC50 based on the DPPH. radical scavenging activity assay were negative and weak. Relatively, the present results suggest that of the four aromaticplants, P. minus and M. koenigii have shown potential as sources of natural antioxidants.
  2. Emynur Shafekh, S., Mohd Adzim Khalili, R., Norhayati, A.H., Nor Farhanah, M.Y., Noor Husna, Z., Siti Nafizah, M.B., et al.
    MyJurnal
    Vigna sinensis also known as long-podded cowpea or Chinese long bean (Family:Fabaceae) is most widely grown in Southeast Asia. They are a good source of protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, phosphorus, and potassium. The antioxidant potential of crude methanol extract, chloroform, and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of Vigna sinensiswas screened for in- vitro antioxidant activity using total phenolic content, ferric reducing power, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assay, ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) tests. It was found that ethyl acetate fraction have maximum amount of polyphenolics compounds (2.69 mg/g GAE in concentration 0.5 mg/mL); more effective than methanol and chloroform extract.This fraction also exhibited fairly good antioxidant activity with in both TBA (17.39% mg/g GAE) and FTC (12.65% mg/g GAE) methods.
  3. Rabeta, M.S., Nur Faraniza, R.
    MyJurnal
    In this study, two types of plants materials were used namely Garcinia atrovirdis and Cynometra
    cauliflora to determine the proximate composition, mineral content and antioxidant activities. Total phenolic content (TPC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay had been used to determine antioxidant activity in both samples. The moisture, ash, fiber, fat, protein and carbohydrate content in both samples were determined by using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. Mineral content in the sample was determined using Atomic absorption spectrophotpmetry (AAS). The results showed higher TPC and FRAP values in Cynometra cauliflora compared to Garcinia atrovirdis. Methanol extractions gave higher TPC and FRAP values compared to water extraction. The results obtained indicated that both samples have the potential to be as a source of natural antioxidants. Further study should be conducted to explore the benefits of underutilized fruits not only in antioxidant activity but other usages as well.
  4. Hanis Mastura, Y., Hasnah, H., Dang, T.N.
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of different cooking
    procedures on the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of organic and inorganic
    beans based on the increasing demand of organic food products. The total phenolic content and
    antioxidant capacities of eight types of beans matched to the organic and inorganic samples was
    analyzed based on three different conditions namely raw (R), cooked without soaking (CWS)
    and cooked after soaking (CAS). Changes in these variables before and after processing were
    compared between organic and inorganic beans. CAS caused significant (p
  5. Aburigal, Y.A.A., Mirghani, M.E.S., Elmogtaba, E.Y., Sirible, A.A.M., Hamza, N.B., Hussein, I.H.
    MyJurnal
    The present study was carried out to determine the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Ocimum basilicum collected from different regions of the world. The accession V1 is from Sudan, V2 from Iraq, V3 from Germany, V4 from Thailand, V5 from Russia and V6 from Maldives. The extracts from six basil accessions were analysed for their DPPH free radical scavenging activity and their total phenolic content (TPC). The results suggest that the highest antioxidant activity was found in V6 (from Maldives) and the lowest antioxidant activity was found in V4 (from Thailand). The highest amount of phenolic content was found in V6 (from Maldives) and the lowest phenolic content was found inV4 (from Thailand). This study shows that basil is a good source of free-radical scavenging compounds that have their traditional medicinal applications.
  6. Hanis Mastura, Y., Hasnah, H., Yap, Y.T.
    MyJurnal
    Available studies to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacities of cooking
    pastes available in Malaysia were currently limited. This study aimed to evaluate the total
    phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity of seven types of mix spices cooking paste
    in raw and cooked condition (N=33). Samples were selected based on market availability.
    TPC was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant capacities were evaluated
    by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and
    ABTS free radical scavenging assay. Results were presented in dry weight (DW). TPC in the
    paste samples ranged from 246.25 to 370.57 mg GAE/100 g whereas antioxidant capacities
    ranged from 728.54 to 1267.66 μmol TE/100 g for DPPH assay, 1247.15 to 1886.89 μmol
    TE/100 g for FRAP assay and 833.19 to 1589.40 μmol TE/100 g for ABTS assay. Chicken, fish
    and vegetarian curries were top three samples with the highest TPC and antioxidant capacities
    values. Cooking process had caused increment in TPC and antioxidant capacities of all paste
    samples, with Rendang paste showed the greatest increase in TPC (21.48%) and antioxidant
    capacities (24.26%-49.66%) after cooking. Linear relationships were observed between TPC
    and DPPH antioxidant capacity (r=0.545), FRAP antioxidant capacity (r=0.840) and ABTS
    antioxidant capacity (r=0.623). A positive relationship between TPC and antioxidant capacities
    indicated that polyphenol is one of the sources of antioxidants in mix spices cooking paste.
    Further investigations on the active compounds in the cooking pastes are needed to determine
    the bioavailability and effect of these compounds in human
  7. Rabeta, M.S., An Nabil, Z.
    MyJurnal
    This study was done to assess the total phenolic compounds (TPC) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity in the flowers and leaves of Clitoria ternateaand Vitex negundo Linn. by using methanol and water extraction. TPC were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteau method. Methanol was more efficient in extracting phenolic compounds compared with water in measuring TPC. Vitex negundo Linn. contained higher amount of TPC compared to Clitoria ternatea. Besides that, leaves for both plants showed higher amount of TPC compared to the flowers. Methanol extracted Vitex negundo Linn. showed higher DPPH scavenging activity compared with Clitoria ternatea. In contrast, DPPH scavenging activity for water extracted Clitoria ternatea showed higher value in compare with water extracted Vitex negundo Linn. The type of solvent used to extract the plant material and concentration of extracts used showed significance difference (P < 0.05) on the amount of DPPH scavenged by the plant extract. The presence of antioxidant activity in both leaves and flowers showed that Clitoria ternatea and Vitex negundo Linn. have the potential to be an alternative source of natural antioxidants. In vivo study is needed for successful commercialization and to benefit both the food and pharmaceutical industries.
  8. Muid, S., Froemming, G.R.A., Rahman, T.H., Ali, A.M., Nawawi, H.
    MyJurnal
    The anti-atherosclerotics activity of tocotrienols (TCT) compared to alpha-Tocopherol (α-TOC) in in vitro study is not much being reported especially in human endothelial cells. The aim of the present study was to study the effects of TTMF, TCT and α-TOC on monocytes adherence to stimulated endothelial cells and to investigate the correlation between monocytes adherence and adhesion molecules in endothelial cells treated with TTMF, pure TCT isomers and α-TOC. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with TTMF, TCT isomers and α-TOC (0.3-10 µM) together with lipopolysaccharide, LPS (1 μg/ml). Monocytes adherence was measured by Rose Bengal staining. Soluble ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and e-selectin and NFκB binding were measured by ELISA. TTMF and TCT isomers inhibit monocytes adhesion to LPS-stimulated HUVECs but not α-TOC. δ-TCT exhibit the highest % inhibition of monocytes adhesion compared to the other TCT isomers. Only TCT isomers show positive correlation of monocytes adhesion with certain adhesion molecules and NFκB but not TTMF and α-TOC. In conclusion, TTMF and TCT isomers exhibit reduction of adhesion of monocytes to LPS stimulated endothelial cells. The reduction of monocytes adhesion by TCT isomers especially δ-TCT are positively correlated with reduction of adhesion molecules and NFκB deactivation. It can be suggested that TCT especially the δ-TCT isomers is beneficial in the prevention of early atherogenesis in human.
  9. Muid, S., Hamid, Z., Nawawi, H.
    MyJurnal
    The beneficial effects of Palm Tocotrienol Rich Fraction (TRF) in the reduction of cholesterol and oxidative stress in human especially in Non-Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (NFH) patients are still lacking and need to be further investigated. In this clinical trial, 37 NFH patients were recruited and randomized to either Palmvitee (60 mg/day TRF) [NFHe; n= 12) and atorvastatin 10 mg/day (NFHs; n=25). Fasting serum lipids, F2 -isoprostanes, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at baseline (BL), 2 weeks and 12 weeks. NFHe group showed significant reduction in Total cholesterol, TC, LDL, MDA, F2 – isoprostanes and ox-LDL at 12 weeks compared to BL. NFHs group showed a reduction in TC, LDL and TG, MDA and F2 – isoprostanes in 12 weeks compared to the BL. NFHs had greater % change reduction of TC, LDL, TG and MDA than NFHe in 12 weeks. Despite that, NFHe and NFHs had comparable % reduction of F2–isoprostanes in 12 weeks. NFHe had greater % change reduction of ox-LDL than NFHs. In conclusion, TRF reduces cholesterol level in NFH patients even though it is not as efficient as statins. The ability of TRF in the reduction of oxidative stress especially F2-isoprostanes is comparable with statins. TRF has a great potential in the prevention of atherosclerosis in part not only due to its cholesterol lowering activity, but perhaps more effective as a potent antioxidant.
  10. Chung, B. H., Tan, J. R.
    MyJurnal
    The own price, income and price of a substitute are the determinants of demand in the classical theory of consumer behavior. We used the theory to analyze the demand for local rice in Malaysia by using time series variables. We examined whether there is a long run relationship among the variables by using the unit root and cointegration tests. We then conducted the Granger causality, variance decomposition and impulse response function tests to examine their directions of causality as well as short term dynamics. The results show that there is a long run relationship among the variables and a unidirectional causality from price and income to demand. There are also lagged and short term dynamics among the variables.
  11. MyJurnal
    Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Bromeliaceae family, is a fruit grows in tropical countries including Malaysia. This fruit has several pharmacological benefits due to the presence of high concentration of bromelain (cysteine proteases). Condition of elevated temperature will induce deformation of enzyme and result in loss of activity. Sulfhydryl groups in cysteine proteases are readily to be oxidized and might account for the denaturation of bromelain at elevated temperature. Polyphenol from ethanolic cashew leave extract could be complexed with bromelain to stabilize the enzymatic activity. In thermal stability test, the heat damage effect on bromelain was ten times reduced after complexing with cashew extract. The enzymatic activity of free bromelain decreased gradually from 25 o C to 95 o C. Complexed bromelain was stable in activity to heating up to 85 o C. Bromelainpolyphenol complex showed a good heat resistance. The result revealed that polyphenol could protect bromelain in pineapple juice from heat denaturation.
  12. Ng, X.Y., Huda, N.
    MyJurnal
    The effects of washing treatments and washing cycles on the thermal gelation properties and quality
    characteristics of duckrimi (duck-base surimi-like material) were evaluated. Minced spent layer duck (4.5 mm orifice diameter) were washed by using either tap water, 0.1M NaCl, 0.5% NaHCO3 and 0.04M sodium phosphate in one, two or three washing cycles, respectively. Washing with 0.04M sodium phosphate in three washing cycles significantly increased (P
  13. Sim, S.Y., Noor Aziah, A.A., Teng, T.T., Cheng, L.H.
    MyJurnal
    The effects of food gums addition on wheat dough freeze-thaw and frozen storage stability were studied. Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of frozen wheat dough without yeast addition were
    determined by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA).
    DSC results revealed that food gums showed the ability to increase freeze-thaw stability in frozen-stored
    samples wherein lower difference in melting enthalpy between first and second freeze-thaw cycle was shown. Based on DMA results, in general, difference between Tg’ and storage temperature (- 18°C) of dough became smaller upon addition of food gums. This may have a practical implication whereby the unfrozen phase could be better protected against physical degradation.
  14. Ismail, N. A., Ab. Karim, M. S., Othman, M., Abd. Halim, N.
    MyJurnal
    The central question to be examined in this study is associated with the value of the Malays traditional culinary practices of Malay chef in preparing the traditional food in Malaysian hotels. Present understanding highlighted that hotels are giving high priority on their superior services, such as luxury accommodations and intimate hospitalities. As such, promoting local foods in their dining establishment has taken a back seat. Research from past scholars indicated that hotel in Malaysia can be the one stop center for the local and international tourists to get the first hand information about local food specialities. On the hindsight, very limited efforts have been put into practice on the promotions of local food especially Malay cuisines in hotels. Main issue such as mass-produced Malay cuisines in the commercial kitchens, for example, should be highlighted to ensure that hotels are not jeopardizing the originality of traditional food preparations. Therefore, a qualitative reasearch focusing in in-depth interview with 10 Malay chefs was conducted in hotels around the Klang Valley. The results are so profound that majority of the Malay chefs under study shared similar understandings on technology advancements and modernizations that have taken place in their daily food preparations. Another finding revealed that one of the most challenging factors in preventing the Malay chefs to prepare the Malay food as it has been done traditionally is the attitude and awareness of the young generations to understand the values in traditional culinary practices. This study concludes with suggestion that aggressive knowledge sharing and information dissemination among the Malay chefs in hotels are needed to effectively market the traditional Malay food.
  15. MyJurnal
    Genetically modified organisms (GMO) are increased remarkably from year to year and the estimated global area cultivated with genetically modified (GM) crops reached 125 million hectares in year 2008. However, insect resistance maize based on Bacillus thuringienses (Bt) is of the most cultivated GM crop in worldwide. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an aerobic, gram-positive bacterium that synthesize one or more Cry protein that are toxic to various types crop and forestry insects pests. To date, several cry genes have been introduced into GM plant to combat with various type of insect. Worldwide commercialization of GM crops has raised the customers’ concern about the Biosafety issues, and thus, many countries have implemented the labeling legislations for GM food and their derivatives. In this study, we introduced the quantitative analysis method based on the recombinant plasmid DNA as calibrators that can be used to determine the percentage of GMO content in various types of food and feed samples. Therefore, we have reported 7.5% (6/80) of the samples were contained StarLink maize and 1.25% (1/80) samples were contained Bt176 maize. Additionally, the percentage of GM content in each positive sample were further determined with the developed quantitative method. The percentage of the StarLink corns that present in the positive samples were varies from 0.09% to 2.53% and Bt176 corn that present in the positive sample was 16.90%. The present study demonstrated that the recombinant plasmid DNA that used in quantitative real-time method as good alternative quantitative analysis of GM content.
  16. Aznan, A.A., Rukunudin, I.H., Shakaff, A.Y.M.,, Ruslan, R.,, Zakaria, A., Saad, F.S.A.
    MyJurnal
    Seed purity is a crucial seed quality parameter in the Malaysian rice seed standard. The use of
    high quality cultivated rice seed, free of any foreign seeds, is the prerequisite to sustaining high
    yield in rice production. The presence of foreign seeds such as weedy rice in the cultivated rice
    seeds used by the farmers can adversely affect growth and yield as it competes for space and
    nutrients with the cultivated rice varieties in the field. Being the most dominant and competitive
    element compared to the cultivated rice seeds, the Malaysian seed standard prescribed that the
    maximum allowable of weed seeds in a 20-kilogram certified rice seed bag produced by local
    rice seed processors is 10 weed seeds per kilogram. The current cleaning processes that rely
    mostly on the difference in physical traits do not guarantee effective separation of weedy rice
    seeds from the lots. Seed bags found to contain more than 10 weed seeds upon inspection by
    the enforcing agency will not be approved for distribution to farmers. The paper describes a
    study carried out to explore the use of machine vision approach to separate weedy rice seed
    from cultivated rice seeds as a potential cleaning technique for the rice seed industry. The mean
    classification accuracies levels of the extracted morphological feature model were achieved at
    95.8% and 96.0% for training and testing data sets respectively.
  17. Koh, S. P., Long, K., Yusoff, M. S. A., Arifin, N.
    MyJurnal
    The potential use of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) oil blends in food applications such as frying oil and salad dressings were investigated. The frying strength of palm-based MLCT oil with different antioxidants under deep frying conditions was assessed. Palm-based MLCT oil showed better thermal-resistant oxidative strength than refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm olein throughout the five consecutive days of frying. Sensory evaluation and rancidity assessment on fried chips showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) between chips fried in RBD palm olein and palm-based MLCT oil. MLCT-based salad dressings treated with different antioxidants showed similar rheological behaviors as compared to soybean based salad dressings. The overall quality of the physical appearance and organoleptic acceptability based on quantitative descriptive analysis showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in all salad dressings. These findings indicated that MLCT-based oil blends can be used as healthy functional oil for daily consumption.
  18. Wan Rosli, W. I., Solihah, M. A., Shazwan, Z.
    MyJurnal
    Extensive use of synthetic-based polymer plastic as packaging medium to pack food products has led to serious environmental problems due to their total non-biodegradability property. The stability of nutritional composition and physical traits of chicken patties containing oyster mushroom packed with biodegradable and non-degradable packaging materials were studied. The chicken patties containing oyster mushroom were packed with either biodegradable plastic (BP), paper box (PB) or non-biodegradable high density polyethylene (HDPE). Generally, there were no significant (P>0.05) different in all nutrient analyzed except for carbohydrate after 6 months of storage for chicken patties packed with different types of packaging. The chicken burger packed with both BP and PB packagings were able to retain the moisture and fat without jeopardizing the diameter reduction and cooking yield during storage. There were no differences in all nutrient analyzed after 6 months of storage of chicken patties packed with either biodegradable packagings (BP and PB) or non-degradable packaging. In addition, frozen storage does not significantly affect the concentration of of β-glucan in both BP and PB packagings. In summary, these results indicate that biodegradable packagings applied in packing chicken patty frozen for 6 months were effective in controlling the microbial growth and provide wholesomeness and safety to the chicken patty containing oyster mushroom.
  19. Hau, E.H., Amiza, M.A., Zainol, M.K., Mohd Zin, Z.
    MyJurnal
    This study aimed to determine the best parameters (types of buffer, hydrolysis time and enzyme concentration) used to produce good quality of liquid protein hydrolysate from Yellowstripe scad in terms of high yield, protein content and concentration. The choice of buffer (sodium or potassium buffer), hydrolysis time (1 h, 2 h, 3 h or 4 h) and enzymes concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) were investigated. The results obtained from two way ANOVA showed that these parameters had significant difference (p
  20. Habilla, C., Sim, S.Y., Nor Aziah, Cheng, L.H.
    MyJurnal
    In this study, acid-thinned starch was blended with konjac glucomannan or psyllium husk powder at a concentration of 3% w/w (starch basis). The blends were characterized by pasting analysis and rheological
    properties evaluation. Jelly candy was made from the blends and textural characteristics were studied. Pasting analysis showed that both gums were found to significantly increase some of the pasting parameters, such as peak viscosity, trough, breakdown, final viscosity and setback values. From the frequency sweep, it was found that addition of konjac glucomanan or psyllium husk powder increased the storage modulus (G’) and loss modulus (G’’) values, with psyllium added sample showing more prominent effect than konjac added ones, when compared to the control samples. All samples were found to demonstrate thixotropic flow behaviour. Jelly candy texture profile analysis revealed that konjac glucomannan or psyllium husk powder addition, although decreasing chewability, but rendered the jelly candy less sticky.
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