The aim of the study is to investigate a new formulation, based on dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium-bromide (QA) and riboflavin (RF), combining antimicrobial activities and protease inhibitory properties with collagen crosslinking without interference to bonding capabilities in a rabbit model. Quaternary ammonium riboflavin (QARF) experimental adhesives modified with dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium-bromide and riboflavin were bonded (0.5/1.0/2.0%) to rabbit dentin to investigate for pulpal-histology, interfacial-morphology, transmission electron microscopy, mechanical properties, collagen crosslinking, micro-Raman analysis, antimicrobial, and anti-protease activities. Collagen type-I molecules were generated using molecular-docking. Odontoblasts appeared with normal histology, were seen in controls with no inflammatory cells detected in 0.5% specimens at day 7 and mild inflammatory response at day 30. In QARF 2.0%, inflammatory cells were not detected at day 7 and 30 (p
The osteoprotegerin (OPG) system plays a critical role in bone remodelling by regulating osteoclast formation and activity. The study aimed to determine the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of a newly formulated OPG-chitosan gel. The OPG-chitosan gel was formulated using human OPG protein and water-soluble chitosan. The physicochemical properties were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Gel morphology was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and then it was subjected to a protein release assay and biodegradability test. An in vitro cytotoxicity test on normal human periodontal ligament (NHPL) fibroblasts and normal human (NH) osteoblasts was carried out using the AlamarBlue assay. In vivo evaluation in a rabbit model involved creating critical-sized defects in calvarial bone, filling with the OPG-chitosan gel and sacrificing at 12 weeks. In vitro results demonstrated that the 25 kDa OPG-chitosan gel had the highest rate of protein release and achieved 90% degradation in 28 days. At 12 weeks, the defects filled with 25 kDa OPG-chitosan gel showed significant (p
Even though drug-eluting stent (DES) has prominently reduced restenosis, however, its complication of delayed endothelialization has caused chronic side effect. A coating of ginseng-based biodegradable polymer could address this issue due to its specific therapeutic values. However, deposition of this type of stable coating on metallic implant often scarce. Therefore, in this study, different polyaniline (PANI) emeraldine compositions were adopted to electrodeposit ginsenoside encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microcapsules coating. The coating surfaces were analyzed using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and atomic force microscopy instruments. A month coating stability was then investigated with an evaluation of in vitro human umbilical vein endothelial cell analyses consisted of cytotoxicity and cells attachment assessments. The 1.5 mg PANI emeraldine has assisted the formation of stable, uniform, and rounded microcapsules coating with appropriate wettability and roughness. Less than 1.5 mg PANI emeraldine was not enough to drive the formation of microcapsules coating while greater than 1.5 mg caused the deposition of melted microcapsules. The similar coating also has promoted greater cells proliferation and attachment compared to other coating variation. Therefore, the utilization of electrodeposition to deposit a drug-based polymer coating could be implemented to develop DES, in accordance to stent implantation which ultimately aims for enrich endothelialization.
Skin injuries and in particular, chronic wounds, are one of the major prevalent medical problems, worldwide. Due to the pivotal role of angiogenesis in tissue regeneration, impaired angiogenesis can cause several complications during the wound healing process and skin regeneration. Therefore, induction or promotion of angiogenesis can be considered as a promising approach to accelerate wound healing. This article presents a comprehensive overview of current and emerging angiogenesis induction methods applied in several studies for skin regeneration, which are classified into the cell, growth factor, scaffold, and biological/chemical compound-based strategies. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of these angiogenic strategies along with related research examples are discussed in order to demonstrate their potential in the treatment of wounds.