Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 341 in total

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  1. Muhammad Faizal bin Murat, Zuriati binti Ibrahim, Siti Nur ‘Asyura binti Adznam, Chan, Yoke Mun
    Malays J Nutr, 2019;25(1):13-25.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The ability to perform daily living activities among the elderly is
    important, as physical disability may lead to dependency and various public
    health implications. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of instrumental
    activities of daily living (IADL) disability and its association with socio-demographic
    characteristics, dietary intake, social participation, perceived-health-status and risk
    of falls. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among communitybased elderly in the Gombak District of Selangor. 258 respondents aged 60-88
    years old (mean age 66±6.5 years) were recruited through multi-stage proportional
    sampling. Most of the respondents (88.4%) aged 60-74 years and 11.6% were ≥75
    years. IADL disability was determined using an eight-item IADL scale. The presence
    of IADL disability was defined as needing help in at least one or more of eight-IADL
    activities. Dietary intake and fall risk were assessed using diet history questionnaire
    (DHQ) and 21-item fall risk index (FRI-21), respectively. Results: The prevalence
    of IADL disability among the respondents was 58.1%. A binary logistic regression
    analyses showed that the following factors predicted IADL disability: advanced age
    (≥75 years, OR=6.4; 95% CI: 1.3, 30.8), being unmarried (OR=2.5; 95% CI: 1.1, 5.9),
    unemployed/retired (OR=2.3; 95% CI: 1.2, 4.3), and at risk of falls (OR=2.5; 95%
    CI: 1.3, 6.1). Conclusion: Predictors such as marriage and employment highlight
    the importance of social support among elderly. In practical terms, this means that it
    is incumbent upon caregivers, family members, and the community to provide both
    physical and emotional support if the functional status of the elderly is to be improved.
  2. Rosnani Ngah, Ruhaya Hasan, Normastura Abd Rahman
    Malays J Nutr, 2019;25(1):79-97.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Cariogenic food intake and oral health knowledge, attitude and
    practices (KAP) of parents are contributing factors that influence the oral health
    status of children. As there is lack of a validated questionnaire in Bahasa Melayu
    (the Malay language) to measure the factors, this cross-sectional study was
    carried out to establish a linguistically valid and reliable cariogenic food frequency
    questionnaire (M-CFFQ) and oral health kap questionnaire (M-OHKAPQ) in Bahasa
    Melayu, for parents of children aged 6-11 years in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Methods:
    Relevant questionnaires in English were selected and translated to Malay language.
    This process included forward translation, synthesis, backward translation and
    consolidation to produce the preliminary drafts of M-CFFQ and M-OHKAPQ. Pretesting
    was conducted on ten parents of children from a primary school in Kota
    Bharu by face-to-face interview. The findings were reviewed to produce the final
    versions of M-CFFQ and M-OHKAPQ. A test-retest reliability study was undertaken
    involving 49 parents. The participants were asked to answer the final M-CFFQ and
    M-OHKAPQ versions twice, within a 7-14 days interval. Data collected were entered
    into IBM SPPS version 22 software and analysed using the Intraclass Correlation
    Coefficient (ICC) test. Results: Semantic, idiomatic, experiential, conceptual as well
    as content and face validity issues were successfully resolved. Fifteen categories
    of food/drinks for M-CFFQ and 26 items/questions M-OHKAPQ were produced.
    The total ICC values achieved for M-CFFQ and M-OHKAPQ were 0.887 and 0.807,
    respectively. Conclusion: The M-CFFQ and M-OHKAPQ appeared to be linguistically
    valid and reliable with excellent test-retest reliability (ICC>0.80).
  3. Nik Nur Izzati Nik Mohd Fakhruddin, Suzana Shahar, Roslee Rajikan, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Normah Che Din, Rosdinom Razali, et al.
    Malays J Nutr, 2019;25(1):47-57.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: This study aimed to identify dietary patterns (DPs) and their
    association with successful aging (SA). Methods: A comparative cross-sectional
    study was conducted among 579 elderly subjects recruited from four states in
    Malaysia through a multistage random sampling method. SA was defined as having
    no chronic illnesses, no functional limitation, normal global function, no depression,
    a good quality of life and good self-perceived health. Information on dietary intake was
    obtained using a diet history questionnaire. Cognitive functions were assessed using
    the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), depressive symptoms using Geriatric
    Depression Score-15 items (GDS-15) and a question regarding their perceived health
    and quality of life. Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily
    Living (IADL) questionnaires were used to determine functional status. DPs were
    obtained using the principal component analysis (PCA) approach. An ordinal logistic
    regression model was used to examine associations between DP scores and SA.
    Results: Five DPs were identified namely ‘sweet foods-beverages’, ‘meat-vegetablesrice and noodles’, ‘local snacks-fish and seafood-high salt foods’, ‘fruits-legumes’, and
    ‘tropical fruits-oats’. A higher score for ‘tropical fruits-oats’ DP was associated with
    SA [Adjusted OR=1.59 (95% CI: 1.08-2.32)]. However, the association diminished
    when the model was adjusted for education level. Further analysis indicated that
    this DP increased the chance of SA among those with secondary education and above
    [Adjusted OR=2.43 (95% CI: 1.09–5.42)]. Conclusion: ‘Tropical fruits-oats’ DP is
    associated with SA among elderly with secondary education and above. There is a
    need to investigate DPs among those with lower education.
  4. Fatin Izzaty Mohd Shahrin, Lim, Zhi Yu, Noraida Omar, Nor Fadhlina Zakaria, Zulfitri ‘Azuan Mat Daud
    Malays J Nutr, 2019;25(1):1-11.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: A compromised quality of life (QOL) as a result of haemodialysis
    (HD) is a rising global issue. Elderly HD patients face more challenges than
    younger counterparts. This study determined the association of socio-demographic
    characteristics, nutritional status, risk of malnutrition and depression with QOL,
    among elderly HD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted
    among 112 HD elderly patients in selected dialysis centres in Selangor, Malaysia.
    The patients completed interview-based questionnaires on socio-demographic
    characteristics, risk of malnutrition (Dialysis Malnutrition Score, DMS), depression
    (Patient Health Questionaire-9, PHQ-9) and QOL (KDQOL-36). Anthropometric
    measurements, 24-hour dietary recall and food intake information were obtained
    from them and biochemical data from their medical records. Results: Just over half
    (50.9%) of the patients had a normal body mass index while 85.7% had optimal
    albumin levels. The proportion of patients who met the recommended energy and
    protein intakes were 19.0% and 3.4%, respectively. Patients were at moderate risk
    of malnutrition, had minimal depression level and perceived better QOL in terms of
    effects and symptoms of kidney disease. There was a significant positive correlation
    between protein intake and the physical domain of QOL (p=0.02) and negative
    correlation between risk of malnutrition with physical and mental composites of
    QOL (p
  5. Nur Dayana Shaari, Zalilah Mohd Shariff, Gan, Wan Ying, Loh, Su Peng
    Malays J Nutr, 2019;25(1):69-77.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The prevalence of child undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies
    are higher in the Orang Asli (OA) than the general Malaysian population. The World
    Health Organization recommends the use of multiple micronutrient supplement
    (MMS) that is a blend of micronutrients in powder form that can be sprinkled onto
    foods for home fortification to prevent undernutrition among children. This pilot
    study aimed to assess the feasibility of using MMS among OA children. Methods: A
    total of 25 OA children (14 boys and 11 girls) aged 6-31 months (mean±SD = 15.7±7.2
    months) in Negeri Sembilan were given three sachets of MMS weekly for 5 weeks.
    Caregivers were instructed to add MMS to three types of food from the same food
    group per week varying with a different food group weekly. Written instruction for
    using MMS in simple language was given prior to the supplementation. Caregivers
    were interviewed for information on socio-demographics, compliance, acceptance,
    preference and adverse effect of MMS. Results: A high level of compliance was
    observed (85%). All caregivers reported that the instructions for use were easy to read.
    No noticeable changes to the foods mixed with MMS were observed and no adverse
    effects were reported. Conclusion: This study demonstrated feasibility of the use of
    MMS for future trials among OA children. The easy to read information that comes
    with the MMS, frequent monitoring of MMS use and support to caregivers were
    required to ensure compliance. Cultural feeding practices and financial constraints
    may limit the types of food that can be mixed with MMS.
  6. Ng, Wai Han, Norshariza Jamhuri, Zuwariah Abdul Rahman, Betti Sharina, Mohd Haniff Lai, Siti Nuraini Mohd Samwil
    Malays J Nutr, 2018;24(4):627-635.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Malnutrition is a frequent complication in cancer patients and can
    negatively affect treatment outcome. Preliminary audit conducted at the Oncology
    Clinic, National Cancer Institute (NCI), found that only 5.8% of outpatients underwent
    nutrition screening using the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and only 2.6% of
    dietitian referrals were recorded. This audit aims to determine the rate of adherence
    to nutritional screening, and to implement remedial measures for improved patient
    care. Methods: This was a cross-sectional audit comprising three phases, namely
    initial audit, remedial measures and re-audit. Criteria audited include screening
    rate using MST and dietitian referral based on MST scores. Standards were set at
    100% for both criteria. Data collected for initial audit were patients’ MST scores
    records and total dietitian referral forms retrieved from Electronic Medical Records.
    After initial audit, self-administered questionnaires for nurses and physicians were
    developed to identify barriers. Measures implemented for change included patientadministered MST to shorten screening time, and procedure flowchart to facilitate
    referral. After 6 months, a re-audit was conducted. Results: Total subjects for
    initial audit and re-audit were 349 and 390, respectively. Initial audit and re-audit
    showed screening rate using MST increased significantly from 6.3% to 79.5%, but
    there was no significant change for the dietitian referral rate. Conclusion: This
    clinical audit has led to a change in the policy in NCI outpatient clinics whereby
    nurses directly schedule dietitian referrals without going through physicians for
    patients with MST scores ≥2. Continuous audit and monitoring are necessary to
    facilitate improvement in MST implementation for better outpatient care.
  7. Noraida Omar, Nor-Farahain Yahya, Siti Nur’ Asyura Adznam, UmmiNadira Daut, Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof
    Malays J Nutr, 2019;25(1):27-35.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: It is widely recognised that health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is
    impaired in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Most previous
    studies were conducted among the younger adult population and there is limited
    information on the elderly population. This study aimed to determine the COPD
    assessment test (CAT) score in the elderly with COPD. Methods: This was a crosssectional study involving 140 elderly patients who had been diagnosed with COPD
    at two selected government institutions. Data on socio-demographic and health
    status were collected by interviewing patients and reviewing their medical records.
    The HRQOL was measured using CAT. The independence sample t-test and one-way
    ANOVA were conducted to compare the CAT scores with socio-demographic and
    health status. Results: The socio-demographic and health characteristics of the
    patients were as follows: majority (54%) were aged 60-70 years, male (97%), Malay
    (59%), married (75%), ex-smokers (72%), had attained primary education (48%),
    had co-morbidities (54%), no history of hospitalisation or visits to the emergency
    department due to COPD (57%), and were in moderate stage of airflow obstruction
    (53%). The mean of CAT score was 21.87±6.85 and the majority of the patients were
    classified as having worst symptoms of COPD (93%) as they had high CAT score
    which was ≥ 10. Conclusion: Majority of the patients in this study had high scores
    of CAT, which indicated poor HRQOL. Ex-smokers had higher scores compared
    to non-smokers. More attention need to be given to these subgroups in order to
    increase their quality of life.
  8. Wan Azdie Mohd Abu Bakar, Shahidah Ismail, Suriati Sidek, Rozlin Abdul Rahman
    Malays J Nutr, 2019;25(1):59-67.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Food insecurity exists whenever people are unable to access sufficient
    food at all times for an active and healthy life. University students are a potentially
    vulnerable group of people to face food insecurity. This study aimed to identify the
    prevalence and determinants of food insecurity among a population of university
    students in Kuantan, in the state of Pahang. Methods: Food security status was
    identified using the United States Adult Food Security Survey Module (USAFSSM).
    Factors, which include demographic background, spending expenditure pattern
    and time constraints, were assessed. A total of 316 students were selected through
    stratified random sampling throughout six faculties of the International Islamic
    University Malaysia, of whom 307 successfully completed the survey. Results:
    The result shows that 54.4% of the students were experiencing food insecurity,
    from which 32.9% were sub-categorised as low food security and 21.5% as very low
    food security. Food insecurity was found to be significantly associated with time
    constraints (p
  9. Satvinder Kaur, Hip, Seng Yim, Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed, Rohana Abdul Jalil, Barakatun-Nisak Mohd. Yusof
    Malays J Nutr, 2016;22(2):245-255.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Validation of a culturally specific FFQ is important in assessing habitual dietary intake of ethnic population groups. This study aimed to assess the validity and reproducibility of a FFQ developed specifically for determining the dietary intake of Malaysian Punjabis.

    Methods: Subjects were approached through voluntary participation for the development and validation phase in the Klang Valley. A list of foods consumed by participants (n=100) was documented through a 3-day dietary recall. The validation process was conducted by verifying the developed FFQ against another group of Punjabi adult volunteers (n=101) who kept a 2-day dietary record. Macronutrients, dietary fibre, fatty acids, cholesterol, three types of minerals (calcium, sodium, iron) and four vitamins (B12, folate, C, A) were included in the analysis. Reproducibility was shown with intraclass correlation (ICC) values between FFQ1 vs FFQ2 that were administered 6 months apart among 32 participants.

    Results: In the validation study, the FFQ1 was found to have over-estimated almost all nutrients compared to those in the dietary records. The Spearman correlation coefficients for energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake based on the FFQ1 and 2-day dietary records were 0.54, 0.38, 0.47, and 0.31, respectively. The classification into the same and adjacent quartiles was between 61- 84% for the nutrients consumed. Bland Altman plots showed relatively good agreement (between ±2 standard deviation) for both the dietary methods used. Reproducibility analysis of ICC (FFQ1 vs FFQ2) was between 0.46-0.76 for macronutrients and 0.20-0.92 for micronutrients.

    Conclusion: The developed FFQ could be used as a valid tool for assessing dietary intake of Malaysian Punjabis, as it showed a moderate agreement with dietary record for intake of energy and macronutrients.
  10. Nurhidayah, M., Suzana, S., Zahara, A.M., Mahadir, A., Mohd Azahadi, O., Mohamad Hasnan, A., et al.
    Malays J Nutr, 2016;22(2):233-243.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) play an important role in developing cognitive function in children, especially Docosahexanoic Acid (DHA). However, there is no suitable dietary assessment tool to assess DHA intake among Malaysian children. Thus, this study assessed the validity of an interviewer-administered semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for estimating DHA intake among Malay school children in the Sepang District.

    Methods: Thirty 12-year-old Malay children (13 boys and 17 girls) were recruited through purposive sampling. Their DHA intake for one month duration was assessed using a 30-food item FFQ and validated against a 3-day food record.

    Results: The majority of the subjects (70%) had normal body mass index, 6.7% were overweight, 16.7% obese, whilst the rest were in the thin category. The reliability of FFQ was found to be good with a Cronbach’s α coefficient value of 0.815. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test indicated no significant difference in mean intake between the two assessment methods. Significant and strong correlation between FFQ and the 3-day food record was found for total omega-3 PUFAs (r=0.812)and DHA (r=0.839) using both methods. BlandAltman analysis exhibited no apparent systematic bias between the two methods for DHA and total omega-3 PUFAs intake, whilst a quartile analysis assigned 73.3% of the subjects into the same quartile.

    Conclusion: The FFQ was found to be valid in estimating DHA intake among Malay school children, and it is recommended that its validity be tested on other ethnic population groups.
  11. Aainaa Syarfa, M.S., Zuriati, I., Mohd Nasir, M.T.
    Malays J Nutr, 2016;22(3):403-412.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Personality traits are divided into five basic dimensions: extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness. These influence our attitudes and behaviours. Studies show that differences in personality traits may influence the dietary intake.

    Methods: A cross-sectional study aimed at determining the association between personality traits and body weight status with energy intake was conducted among adolescents in Hulu Langat district of Selangor. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured and respondents completed a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. Personality traits were assessed using the Malay version of USM Personality (USMaP-i). A single 24-h dietary recall was used to assess dietary intake.

    Results: A total of 430 adolescents aged 13-16 years (46% male and 54% female) was recruited. Female respondents tended to be more neurotic and agreeable compared to male respondents. A majority of the respondents (67%) were in the normal weight category, 26.7% were overweight and obese, while 19.0% had a high risk of developing abdominal obesity with a mean waist circumference of 72.65 ± 10.93cm. Males significantly had a higher intake of energy (1425±583 kcal), compared to females (1232±462 kcal). Conscientiousness trait (r=-0.158, p
  12. Chee, H.P.
    Malays J Nutr, 2017;23(1):95-106.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Functional constipation is a widespread gastrointestinal ailment associated with infrequent defecation, unfavorably affecting quality of life. However, it has not been well studied worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effects of black bean vinegar (black bean and black bean yeast) consumption in alleviating functional constipation.

    Methods: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study involving 70 adults with functional constipation was conducted in Peninsular Malaysia from May till July 2016. Subjects aged 18-60 years diagnosed with a score of more than 15 based on the Constipation Scoring System were included. A third-party-controller assigned black bean vinegar and placebo drinks to two groups with 1:1 ratio using randomisation software. Participants received once-daily doses of black bean vinegar (20 ml daily) or fruit-flavored squash placebo (20 ml daily) which contained vitamins, minerals, trace elements and carbohydrates, without black bean and black bean yeast, for four weeks. Analysis was conducted on an on-treatment basis (i.e., all randomised participants conformed to the study protocol by consuming 20 ml of drinks daily, with less than 10% leftover drinks at post-intervention assessment). Data were analysed using SPSS version 22.

    Results: Administration of black bean vinegar did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in any of the outcomes when compared with a placebo drink at α=5% level. However, black bean vinegar consumption significantly improved overall score at postintervention assessment compared to placebo group (p
  13. Wan Putri Elena Wan Dali, Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed, HafzanYusoff
    Malays J Nutr, 2017;23(1):17-29.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: This randomised school-based controlled study aimed to evaluate the baseline results of nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice (NKAP), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and parents’ report of parenting skills (PRPS) among overweight and obese children.

    Methods: This study was performed on three intervention groups and one control group. It was conducted among Year Five students from primary schools who had overweight or obese status and were generally healthy without any chronic diseases. The children completed NKAP and child self-report of Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQoL) questionnaires, while parents completed parent proxy report of PedsQoL and PRPS questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and parametric test in SPSS were utilised.

    Results: Out of 139 participants involved in the baseline study, 18.7% and 81.3% were overweight and obese respectively. This study revealed a significantly higher knowledge score among boys (p = 0.016) and among those who lived in urban areas (p = 0.019). The children’s selfreport PedsQoL recorded highest score for Social Functioning domain and lowest score for Emotional Functioning domain. A contradictory finding was obtained from the parent proxy report, where the Physical Functioning domain scored the lowest and the Emotional Functioning domain had the highest score. Notably, some of the findings from PRPS questionnaires completed by their parents were unfavourable.

    Conclusions: This study provided prospective evidence of the current status of NKAP, HRQoL among overweight and obese children as well as findings from PRPS among their parents.
  14. Razinah Sharif, Chong, Elizabeth, Chan, Kok Meng
    Malays J Nutr, 2016;22(2):301-305.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Shellfish is likely to be contaminated with heavy metals brought about by various environmental factors such as climate change, bioaccumulation of environmental contaminants and imbalanced natural ecosystem.

    Methods: Shellfish were selected for heavy metal detection as they are mainly consumed by the locals in Kudat. Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, and Plumbum (As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb) content in clam (Meretrix spp.), scallop (Amusium pleuronectes) and conch (Strombus canabrium) were determined by the US EPA 200.3 acid digestion method and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer (ICP-MS). Risk assessment was calculated to assess the total exposure of heavy metals among the population of Kudat.

    Results: Among all the heavy metals, studied, As was found to have the highest concentration and this was found in scallop with the concentration level being 18.93±5.30 μg/g compared to clam and conch. Estimated daily intake of the heavy metals by the population ranged from 0.60-6.82 g/ day/ kg for As, 0.02-1.58μg/day/kg for Cd, 0.37-0.94μg/day/kg for Cr, 0.16-0.61 g/day/ kg for Ni and 0.10-0.25μg/day/kg for Pb based on previous calculation to exposure. The hazard quotient of As and Cd in scallop was greater than 1.0. No acceptable exposure level for these shellfish has been previously reported. The rate of consumption of these metals did not exceed the standards prescribed in the Food Act 1983 and Food Regulations 1985.

    Conclusion: Based on this study, it is concluded that the exposure to heavy metals risk from the consumption of these shellfish among the population in Kudat, Sabah is at an acceptable level.
  15. Maryam Mashmoul, Azrina Azlan, Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof, Norhafizah Mohtarrudin, Huzwah Khaza’ai
    Malays J Nutr, 2017;23(1):117-127.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effect of saffron extract and crocin on blood biomarkers associated with obesity using the rat model.

    Methods: Obesity was induced by feeding a high-fat diet to 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats for 12 weeks, after which they were equally distributed into seven groups. Three groups served as controls namely, normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet plus orlistat (HFD + ORL), while the remaining four treatment groups consisted of HFD added low or high dose (40 and 80 mg/kg/day) of either saffron extract or crocin in the food. At the end of 8 weeks, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis.

    Results: Obese rats treated with a high dose of saffron extract and crocin showed significantly lower plasma glucose levels (5.26 and 5.67 mmol/L respectively) than the HFD rats (6.92 mmol/L). Saffron extract and crocin at a high dose showed significantly lower levels of plasma insulin (3.97 and 3.88 ng/mL respctively) compared to HFD control (5.41 ng/mL). Adiponectin levels significantly increased in obese rats fed saffron extract and crocin at high doses (7.44 and 7.92 µg/mL respectively) compared to HFD control (5.34 µg/mL). Ghrelin level significantly increased from 419.10 to 284.10 pg/mL,while leptin level significantly decreased from 8.08 to 5.68 ng/mL for the high dose crocin groups compared to HFD control. No significant differences in plasma serotonin levels were found among the groups.

    Conclusion: Saffron extract and crocin show potential in reducing blood biomarkers associated with obesity as well as anti-inflammatory and regulatory potential of adipocytokines in an animal model.
  16. Badrasawi, M., Suzana, S., Zahara, A.M., Devinder, K.A.S.
    Malays J Nutr, 2016;22(3):351-361.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Frailty is related to physical function, nutritional status, and cognition; however, these factors are rarely investigated comprehensively in a single study. Thus, this study aimed to examine the differences in nutritional, physical and cognitive function among frail, pre-frail and robust Malaysian elderly.

    Methods: A total of 473 participants were randomly selected from ten different areas in Klang Valley by multistage random sampling. Frailty was characterised using the Fried criteria. Anthropometric measurements, diet intake, body composition, and physical and cognitive function were assessed. Kruskal Wallis test was employed to examine the relationship between the independent variables and frailty.

    Results: Frail subjects had significant higher body mass index (26.8±4.4kg/m2 ) compared to pre-frail (25.7±4.4 kg/m2 ) and robust (24.9±3.9kg/ m2 ), (p
  17. Ling, Hue Wan, Lin, Nyam Kar
    Malays J Nutr, 2017;23(1):139-149.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in kenaf seed oil (KSO) is susceptible to oxidation. However, KSO is rapidly oxidised due to its high PUFA content.

    Methods: In order to prevent oxidation, kenaf seed oil was encapsulated using a co-extrusion technique to produce microencapsulated kenaf seed oil (MKSO). The shell materials used were formulated from alginate with high methoxy pectin and chitosan. MKSO was freeze-dried and in vitro behaviour of MKSO was investigated and compared with oven-dried MKSO. After in vitro digestion, the antioxidant and bioactive compounds in freeze-dried MKSO were investigated.

    Results: Freeze-dried MKSO released more oil (95.35%) compared to oven-dried MKSO (83.88%) after in vitro digestion. Total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities showed decreases, compared to before in vitro digestion while 2,2’-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging assay and tocopherol content showed increases in released oil from MKSO after in vitro digestion compared to before in vitro digestion. For phytosterol composition, the decreases in released oil were not significant.

    Conclusion: The studies showed that microencapsulation allowed for sitecontrolled oil delivery and protected the bioactive compounds.
  18. Siti Munirah Abdul Basir, Radiah Abdul Ghani, Muhammad Ibrahim, Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan, Muhammad Nor Omar, Nor Azwani Mohd Shukri
    Malays J Nutr, 2019;25(3):309-320.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: This study aimed to determine the relationship of maternal dietary
    intake with human milk nutritional composition, among Malay mothers during the
    postpartum period of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: Human milk samples (20-
    30ml) were collected from mothers (n=32) at least once monthly for six months
    postpartum. Macronutrients and fatty acids contents were determined using
    proximate analysis and gas chromatography methods, respectively. Maternal
    dietary intakes were recorded using the multiple-pass diet recall method prior
    to each milk sampling and were analysed using the Nutritionist ProTM software.
    Associations between the milk composition and maternal diet were tested using
    Spearman correlation. Results: The energy content ranged between 49.6-59.2
    kcal/100ml, protein 1.3-1.4 g/100ml, carbohydrate 6.5-9.7 g/100ml and total
    fat 6.5-9.7 g/100ml. The polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and saturated fatty
    acids concentrations were 10.5-19.1 %, 40.6-43.5 %, and 38.0-49.7 %, respectively.
    During confinement (first month postpartum), total energy and total fat content of
    human milk were the highest whereas total carbohydrate was the lowest, compared
    to the rest of the exclusive breastfeeding period. In contrast, intakes of total calorie
    and total fat were the lowest, whereas protein was the highest during this period.
    However, no associations were detected between human milk nutritional contents
    and maternal dietary intake. Conclusion: In our study population, the composition
    of maternal diet and nutritional content of human milk differed between confinement
    and post-confinement periods. However, the association between maternal diet and
    human milk composition itself warrants further investigation.
  19. Rasid, Ajlaa A., Tang, Swee Fong, Izandis Mohamad Sayed, Mohd Shazuan Irwan Mohd Shuhaimi, Norazlina Mohd Noh, Sameeha Mohd Jamil, et al.
    Malays J Nutr, 2019;25(4):405-411.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The refeeding programme in government hospitals is aimed at
    improving the nutritional status of malnourished children with weight-for-height
    z-score (WHZ) below -2.0, using special therapeutic food. However, there is a lack of
    data on the nutritional status of indigenous (Orang Asli) children when they return
    to the community after hospital discharge. Case presentation: A 3-year-old Temiar
    boy residing in a tribal village in Hulu Perak was visited to determine his nutritional
    status following discharge from a refeeding programme in a government hospital.
    He was admitted to the hospital with a weight of 10.0 kg, height of 85.5 cm and
    WHZ of -2.09. The boy was later discharged weighing 11.0 kg, and with height
    unchanged at 85.5 cm and WHZ of -0.87. During our visit to the child’s home
    three months after discharge, his weight was 9.5 kg, height 86.0 cm, and WHZ
    –2.91. Discussion: The management of the case in the hospital was based on
    the Malnourished Orang Asli Protocols of the hospital. Household food insecurity,
    feeding and care practices, unhealthy household environment and the lack of
    communication between hospital and community health services were all identified
    as risk factors for malnutrition. Conclusion: The recurrence of malnutrition in this
    child, after successful improvement during hospital stay, highlights the importance
    of identifying factors that may affect nutritional status after hospital discharge. This
    knowledge will be beneficial in planning specific interventions, especially for Orang
    Asli children, living in remote villages.
  20. Susanti Alie, Norhasmah Sulaiman, Fadilah Mohd Nor, Siti Farhana Mesbah
    Malays J Nutr, 2019;25(3):297-307.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Adequate, nutritive and safe foods are crucial for growth and healthy
    living. Adolescents are vulnerable to food insecurity. This study was aimed at
    determining the demographic factors, food security status, health-related quality of
    life (HRQOL) and body weight status of adolescents in Mentakab, Pahang, Malaysia.
    Methods: This study involved 160 households that comprised pairs of mothers and
    children aged 13-17 years. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the mothers
    to assess their demographic and food security status (Radimer/Cornell Hunger and
    Food Insecurity Instrument). Meanwhile, the children answered a self-administered
    HRQOL questionnaire (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, PedsQL). Body weight
    and height were measured to obtain the body mass index (BMI). Results: About
    48.8% of the adolescents were from households with food insecurity. The number
    of school-going siblings, occupation status of mother, occupation status of father,
    household income and house ownership status were predictors of food security
    status (p
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