Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 75 in total

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  1. Condit R, Ashton PS, Baker P, Bunyavejchewin S, Gunatilleke S, Gunatilleke N, et al.
    Science, 2000 May 26;288(5470):1414-8.
    PMID: 10827950
    Fully mapped tree census plots of large area, 25 to 52 hectares, have now been completed at six different sites in tropical forests, including dry deciduous to wet evergreen forest on two continents. One of the main goals of these plots has been to evaluate spatial patterns in tropical tree populations. Here the degree of aggregation in the distribution of 1768 tree species is examined based on the average density of conspecific trees in circular neighborhoods around each tree. When all individuals larger than 1 centimeter in stem diameter were included, nearly every species was more aggregated than a random distribution. Considering only larger trees (>/= 10 centimeters in diameter), the pattern persisted, with most species being more aggregated than random. Rare species were more aggregated than common species. All six forests were very similar in all the particulars of these results.
  2. Cannon CH, Peart DR, Leighton M
    Science, 1998 Aug 28;281(5381):1366-8.
    PMID: 9721105
    The effects of commercial logging on tree diversity in tropical rainforest are largely unknown. In this study, selectively logged tropical rainforest in Indonesian Borneo is shown to contain high tree species richness, despite severe structural damage. Plots logged 8 years before sampling contained fewer species of trees greater than 20 centimeters in diameter than did similar-sized unlogged plots. However, in samples of the same numbers of trees (requiring a 50 percent larger area), logged forest contained as many tree species as unlogged forest. These findings warrant reassessment of the conservation potential of large tracts of commercially logged tropical rainforest.
  3. Hawley WA, Reiter P, Copeland RS, Pumpuni CB, Craig GB
    Science, 1987 May 29;236(4805):1114-6.
    PMID: 3576225
    North American strains of Aedes albopictus, an Asian mosquito recently introduced into the Western Hemisphere, exhibit photoperiodic sensitivity and cold-hardiness characteristics similar to strains originating from temperate zone Asia. Trade statistics for used tire imports, the most likely mode of introduction, also indicate a north Asian origin. Aedes albopictus, an important vector of dengue and a potential vector of many other arboviral diseases, may therefore have the capability of infesting much of temperate North America.
  4. Bergström A, McCarthy SA, Hui R, Almarri MA, Ayub Q, Danecek P, et al.
    Science, 2020 03 20;367(6484).
    PMID: 32193295 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay5012
    Genome sequences from diverse human groups are needed to understand the structure of genetic variation in our species and the history of, and relationships between, different populations. We present 929 high-coverage genome sequences from 54 diverse human populations, 26 of which are physically phased using linked-read sequencing. Analyses of these genomes reveal an excess of previously undocumented common genetic variation private to southern Africa, central Africa, Oceania, and the Americas, but an absence of such variants fixed between major geographical regions. We also find deep and gradual population separations within Africa, contrasting population size histories between hunter-gatherer and agriculturalist groups in the past 10,000 years, and a contrast between single Neanderthal but multiple Denisovan source populations contributing to present-day human populations.
  5. Sinding MS, Gopalakrishnan S, Ramos-Madrigal J, de Manuel M, Pitulko VV, Kuderna L, et al.
    Science, 2020 06 26;368(6498):1495-1499.
    PMID: 32587022 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz8599
    Although sled dogs are one of the most specialized groups of dogs, their origin and evolution has received much less attention than many other dog groups. We applied a genomic approach to investigate their spatiotemporal emergence by sequencing the genomes of 10 modern Greenland sled dogs, an ~9500-year-old Siberian dog associated with archaeological evidence for sled technology, and an ~33,000-year-old Siberian wolf. We found noteworthy genetic similarity between the ancient dog and modern sled dogs. We detected gene flow from Pleistocene Siberian wolves, but not modern American wolves, to present-day sled dogs. The results indicate that the major ancestry of modern sled dogs traces back to Siberia, where sled dog-specific haplotypes of genes that potentially relate to Arctic adaptation were established by 9500 years ago.
  6. Balogun WG, Seeni A
    Science, 2018 03 09;359(6380):1111.
    PMID: 29590034 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar8549
  7. Ashton LA, Griffiths HM, Parr CL, Evans TA, Didham RK, Hasan F, et al.
    Science, 2019 01 11;363(6423):174-177.
    PMID: 30630931 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau9565
    Termites perform key ecological functions in tropical ecosystems, are strongly affected by variation in rainfall, and respond negatively to habitat disturbance. However, it is not known how the projected increase in frequency and severity of droughts in tropical rainforests will alter termite communities and the maintenance of ecosystem processes. Using a large-scale termite suppression experiment, we found that termite activity and abundance increased during drought in a Bornean forest. This increase resulted in accelerated litter decomposition, elevated soil moisture, greater soil nutrient heterogeneity, and higher seedling survival rates during the extreme El Niño drought of 2015-2016. Our work shows how an invertebrate group enhances ecosystem resistance to drought, providing evidence that the dual stressors of climate change and anthropogenic shifts in biotic communities will have various negative consequences for the maintenance of rainforest ecosystems.
  8. Curnick DJ, Pettorelli N, Amir AA, Balke T, Barbier EB, Crooks S, et al.
    Science, 2019 01 18;363(6424):239.
    PMID: 30655434 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw0809
  9. Xia C, Lam SS, Sonne C
    Science, 2021 03 19;371(6535):1214.
    PMID: 33737479 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3100
  10. Law YH
    Science, 2021 Mar 26;371(6536):1302-1305.
    PMID: 33766870 DOI: 10.1126/science.371.6536.1302
  11. Philipson CD, Cutler MEJ, Brodrick PG, Asner GP, Boyd DS, Moura Costa P, et al.
    Science, 2020 08 14;369(6505):838-841.
    PMID: 32792397 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay4490
    More than half of all tropical forests are degraded by human impacts, leaving them threatened with conversion to agricultural plantations and risking substantial biodiversity and carbon losses. Restoration could accelerate recovery of aboveground carbon density (ACD), but adoption of restoration is constrained by cost and uncertainties over effectiveness. We report a long-term comparison of ACD recovery rates between naturally regenerating and actively restored logged tropical forests. Restoration enhanced decadal ACD recovery by more than 50%, from 2.9 to 4.4 megagrams per hectare per year. This magnitude of response, coupled with modal values of restoration costs globally, would require higher carbon prices to justify investment in restoration. However, carbon prices required to fulfill the 2016 Paris climate agreement [$40 to $80 (USD) per tonne carbon dioxide equivalent] would provide an economic justification for tropical forest restoration.
  12. Xia C, Lam SS, Sonne C
    Science, 2020 Oct 30;370(6516):539.
    PMID: 33122375 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf0461
  13. Colella JP, Agwanda BR, Anwarali Khan FA, Bates J, Carrión Bonilla CA, de la Sancha NU, et al.
    Science, 2020 11 13;370(6518):773-774.
    PMID: 33184198 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe4813
  14. Ellwanger JH, Lekgoathi MDS, Nemani K, Tarselli MA, Al Harraq A, Uzonyi A, et al.
    Science, 2020 07 03;369(6499):26-29.
    PMID: 32631879 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd1320
  15. Sonne C, Peng WX, Alstrup AKO, Lam SS
    Science, 2021 Jun 18;372(6548):1271.
    PMID: 34140374 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj3359
  16. Wijedasa LS, Page SE, Evans CD, Osaki M
    Science, 2016 11 04;354(6312):562.
    PMID: 27811262
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