Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 69 in total

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  1. Al-Mulla EA, Yunus WM, Ibrahim NA, Rahman MZ
    J Oleo Sci, 2009;58(9):467-71.
    PMID: 19654456
    N,N'-Carbonyl difatty amides (CDFAs) have been synthesized from palm oil using sodium ethoxide as catalyst. Ethyl fatty esters (EFEs) were produced as a by-product as well as glycerol. The synthesis was carried out by reflux palm oil and urea in presence of ethanol. In this process, palm oil gave 79% pure CDFAs after 8 hours and molar ratio of urea to palm oil was 6.2: 1 at 78 degrees C. Both CDFAs and EFEs have been characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/chemical synthesis*; Amides/chemistry*
  2. Swamy KB, Hadi SA, Sekaran M, Pichika MR
    J Med Food, 2014 Nov;17(11):1165-9.
    PMID: 25314134 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.3084
    Synsepalum dulcificum or the "miracle fruit" is well known for its taste-modifying ability. The aim of this review was to assess the published medically beneficial as well as potential characteristics of this fruit. A search in three databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, was made with appropriate keywords. The resulting articles were screened in different stages based on the title, abstract, and content. A total of nine articles were included in this review. This review summarized the findings of previously published studies on the effects of miracle fruit. The main studied characteristic of the fruit was its effect on the taste receptors, resulting in the sweet sensation when substances with acidic content were ingested. This effect was shown to be related to a glycoprotein called "miraculin." Other beneficial characteristics of this fruit were its antioxidant and anticancer abilities that are due to the various amides existing in the miracle fruit. Apart from the above, the other observed effect of this fruit was its antidiabetic effect that was tested in rats. Further studies should be conducted to establish the findings. The miracle fruit can be a healthy additive due to its unique characteristics, including sour taste sensation modification as well as its antioxidant and antidiabetic effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/pharmacology; Amides/therapeutic use
  3. Mollataghi A, Hadi AH, Cheah SC
    Molecules, 2012 Apr 05;17(4):4197-208.
    PMID: 22481540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17044197
    A new dienamide, (2E,4E)-7-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-6-(R)-hydroxyhepta- 2,4-dienamide, named (-)-kunstleramide (1), were isolated from the bark of Beilschmiedia kunstleri Gamble together with one neolignan: (+)-kunstlerone (2) and seven known alkaloids: (+)-nornuciferine (3), (-)-isocaryachine (4), (+)-cassythicine (5), (+)-laurotetanine (6), (+)-boldine (7), noratherosperminine (8), (+)-N-demethylphyllocaryptine (9). Their structures were established from spectroscopic techniques, most notably 1D- and 2D-NMR, UV, IR, OR, circular dichroism (CD) spectra and LCMS-IT-TOF. (-)-Kunstleramide (1) exhibited very poor dose-dependent inhibition of DPPH activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 179.5 ± 4.4 μg/mL, but showed a moderate cytotoxic effect on MTT assays of A375, A549, HT-29, PC-3 and WRL-68 with EC₅₀ values of 64.65, 44.74, 55.94, 73.87 and 70.95 µg/mL, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/pharmacology*; Amides/chemistry
  4. Shukor MY, Gusmanizar N, Azmi NA, Hamid M, Ramli J, Shamaan NA, et al.
    J Environ Biol, 2009 Jan;30(1):57-64.
    PMID: 20112864
    Several local acrylamide-degrading bacteria have been isolated. One of the isolate that exhibited the highest growth on acrylamide as a nitrogen source was then further characterized. The isolate was tentatively identified as Bacillus cereus strain DRY135 based on carbon utilization profiles using Biolog GP plates and partial 16S rDNA molecular phylogeny. The isolate grew optimally in between the temperatures of 25 and 30 degrees C and within the pH range of 6.8 to 7.0. Glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, citric acid and sucrose supported growth with glucose being the best carbon source. Different concentrations of acrylamide ranging from 100 to 4000 mg l(-1) incorporated into the growth media shows that the highest growth was obtained at acrylamide concentrations of between 500 to 1500 mg l(-1). At 1000 mg l(-1) of acrylamide, degradation was 90% completed after ten days of incubation with concomitant cell growth. The metabolite acrylic acid was detected in the media during degradation. Other amides such as methacrylamide, nicotinamide, acetamide, propionamide and urea supported growth with the highest growth supported by acetamide, propionamide and urea. Strain DRY135, however was not able to assimilate 2-chloroacetamide. The characteristics of this isolate suggest that it would be useful in the bioremediation of acrylamide.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/metabolism; Amides/chemistry
  5. Lopez JAV, Petitbois JG, Vairappan CS, Umezawa T, Matsuda F, Okino T
    Org. Lett., 2017 08 18;19(16):4231-4234.
    PMID: 28783344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01869
    Two new chlorinated fatty acid amides, columbamides D (1) and E (2), along with apratoxins A and C and wewakazole, were isolated from the organic extract of a Moorea bouillonii sample from Sabah, Malaysia. Structure elucidation was accomplished by a combination of MS and NMR analyses. The total synthesis of all four stereoisomers of 1 was completed, and the absolute configuration was determined by chiral-phase HPLC and Marfey's analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/isolation & purification*; Amides/chemistry
  6. Takhi M, Sreenivas K, Reddy CK, Munikumar M, Praveena K, Sudheer P, et al.
    Eur J Med Chem, 2014 Sep 12;84:382-94.
    PMID: 25036796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.036
    A novel and potent series of ene-amides featuring azetidines has been developed as FabI inhibitors active against drug resistant Gram-positive pathogens particularly staphylococcal organisms. Most of the compounds from the series possessed excellent biochemical inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus FabI enzyme and whole cell activity against clinically relevant MRSA, MSSA and MRSE organisms which are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in community as well as hospital settings. The binding mode of one of the leads, AEA16, in Escherichia coli FabI enzyme was determined unambiguously using X-ray crystallography. The lead compounds displayed good metabolic stability in mice liver microsomes and pharmacokinetic profile in mice. The in vivo efficacy of lead AEA16 has been demonstrated in a lethal murine systemic infection model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/metabolism; Amides/pharmacology*; Amides/chemistry
  7. Olalere OA, Gan CY, Abdurahman HN, Adeyi O, Ahmad MM
    Heliyon, 2020 Aug;6(8):e04770.
    PMID: 32923719 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04770
    The increase in wastes generated from jackfruit seeds has been largely under-utilized in Malaysia. Due to the high nutritional and medicinal content embedded in the cellulosic structure of jackfruit wastes, a need then arises for their physicochemical elucidations. In this study, the extraction of Artocarpus heterophyllus seed was carefully investigated using Taguchi orthogonal optimization design. Complete functional group characteristics and chemical profile of the A. heterophyllus seed extracts were obtained using different physicochemical characterization. The optimal conditions of the microwave extraction parameters were determined at 5 min of irradiation time, 450 W of power and 50 °C of temperature. Under this condition, the optimal yield of 17.34 (mg/g) % was achieved at an SNR ratio of 24.78. The mass spectrometry analysis tentatively identified a total of 90 and 148 secondary metabolites at positive and negative ESI modes, respectively. The chemical profile obtained provided a baseline reference for further investigation on the food and medicinal bioactive from Artocarpus heterophyllus seed oleoresins. The FT-infrared emission spectrum shows the presence of some specific carbohydrates and amide protein functional groups directly linked to C-O (1008 cm-1) the carbonyl (C=O) groups, respectively. Moreover, the morphological characteristics of the jackfruit raw and crude extracts conspicuously revealed large-sized globules which suggest the carbohydrates and protein contents. The result of this study indicates that the use of microwave extraction technology produced high-quality extracts with lower degradation of the thermal labile constituents. This will assist in determining the suitable conditions necessary for the total recovery of medicinal and nutritional constituents and conversion of agricultural waste products into useful products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  8. Tan SL, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2020 Jun 01;76(Pt 6):870-876.
    PMID: 32523755 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989020006568
    The asymmetric unit of the title 1:2 co-crystal, C14H14N4O2·2C7H5ClO2, comprises a half-mol-ecule of oxalamide (4LH2), being located about a centre of inversion, and a mol-ecule of3-chloro-benzoic acid (3-ClBA) in a general position. From symmetry, the 4LH2 mol-ecule has a (+)anti-periplanar conformation with the 4-pyridyl residues lying to either side of the central, planar C2N2O2 chromophore with the dihedral angle between the core and pyridyl ring being 74.69 (11)°; intra-molecular amide-N-H⋯O(amide) hydrogen bonds are noted. The 3-ClBA mol-ecule exhibits a small twist as seen in the C6/CO2 dihedral angle of 8.731 (12)°. In the mol-ecular packing, three-mol-ecule aggregates are formed via carb-oxy-lic acid-O-H⋯N(pyrid-yl) hydrogen bonding. These are connected into a supra-molecular tape along [111] through amide-N-H⋯O(carbon-yl) hydrogen bonding. Additional points of contact between mol-ecules include pyridyl and benzoic acid-C-H⋯O(amide), methyl-ene-C-H⋯O(carbon-yl) and C-Cl⋯π(pyrid-yl) inter-actions so a three-dimensional architecture results. The contributions to the calculated Hirshfeld surface are dominated by H⋯H (28.5%), H⋯O/O⋯H (23.2%), H⋯C/C⋯H (23.3%), H⋯Cl/Cl⋯H (10.0%) and C⋯Cl/C⋯Cl (6.2%) contacts. Computational chemistry confirms the C-Cl⋯π inter-action is weak, and the importance of both electrostatic and dispersion terms in sustaining the mol-ecular packing despite the strong electrostatic term provided by the carb-oxy-lic acid-O-H⋯N(pyrid-yl) hydrogen bonds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  9. Tan SL, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2020 Feb 01;76(Pt 2):245-253.
    PMID: 32071755 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989020000572
    The asymmetric unit of the title 1:2 co-crystal, C14H14N4O2·2C7H5ClO2, comprises two half mol-ecules of oxalamide (4LH2), as each is disposed about a centre of inversion, and two mol-ecules of 4-chloro-benzoic acid (CBA), each in general positions. Each 4LH2 mol-ecule has a (+)anti-periplanar conformation with the pyridin-4-yl residues lying to either side of the central, planar C2N2O2 chromophore with the dihedral angles between the respective central core and the pyridyl rings being 68.65 (3) and 86.25 (3)°, respectively, representing the major difference between the independent 4LH2 mol-ecules. The anti conformation of the carbonyl groups enables the formation of intra-molecular amide-N-H⋯O(amide) hydrogen bonds, each completing an S(5) loop. The two independent CBA mol-ecules are similar and exhibit C6/CO2 dihedral angles of 8.06 (10) and 17.24 (8)°, indicating twisted conformations. In the crystal, two independent, three-mol-ecule aggregates are formed via carb-oxy-lic acid-O-H⋯N(pyrid-yl) hydrogen bonding. These are connected into a supra-molecular tape propagating parallel to [100] through amide-N-H⋯O(amide) hydrogen bonding between the independent aggregates and ten-membered {⋯HNC2O}2 synthons. The tapes assemble into a three-dimensional architecture through pyridyl- and methyl-ene-C-H⋯O(carbon-yl) and CBA-C-H⋯O(amide) inter-actions. As revealed by a more detailed analysis of the mol-ecular packing by calculating the Hirshfeld surfaces and computational chemistry, are the presence of attractive and dispersive Cl⋯C=O inter-actions which provide inter-action energies approximately one-quarter of those provided by the amide-N-H⋯O(amide) hydrogen bonding sustaining the supra-molecular tape.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  10. Tan SL, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2020 Feb 01;76(Pt 2):155-161.
    PMID: 32071739 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019017328
    In the title compound, C12H15N3O5S, a tris-ubstituted thio-urea derivative, the central CN2S chromophore is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.018 Å) and the pendant hy-droxy-ethyl groups lie to either side of this plane. While to a first approximation the thione-S and carbonyl-O atoms lie to the same side of the mol-ecule, the S-C-N-C torsion angle of -47.8 (2)° indicates a considerable twist. As one of the hy-droxy-ethyl groups is orientated towards the thio-amide residue, an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond is formed which leads to an S(7) loop. A further twist in the mol-ecule is indicated by the dihedral angle of 65.87 (7)° between the planes through the CN2S chromophore and the 4-nitro-benzene ring. There is a close match between the experimental and gas-phase, geometry-optimized (DFT) mol-ecular structures. In the crystal, O-H⋯O and O-H⋯S hydrogen bonds give rise to supra-molecular layers propagating in the ab plane. The connections between layers to consolidate the three-dimensional architecture are of the type C-H⋯O, C-H⋯S and nitro-O⋯π. The nature of the supra-molecular association has been further analysed by a study of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces, non-covalent inter-action plots and computational chemistry, all of which point to the significant influence and energy of stabilization provided by the conventional hydrogen bonds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  11. Shukri, W.H.Z., Hamzah, E.N.H., Halim, N.R.A., Isa, M.I.N., Sarbon, N.M.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this work is to study the effect of hydrocolloids (guar gum, xanthan gum and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the physical properties and sensory evaluation of ice cream produced in order to investigate the potential of applying fermented glutinous rice (tapai pulut) as a value-added ingredient. The addition of 25% fermented glutinous rice was the most reliable amount to enhance the physical and sensory properties of ice cream when incorporating hydrocolloids. The addition of hydrocolloids significantly (p < 0.05) increased the pH, firmness, overrun, and melting rate of fermented glutinous rice ice cream. The addition of guar gum scored the highest firmness value (5403 g) followed by CMC (4630 g) and xanthan gum (3481g). Fermented glutinous rice ice cream with xanthan gum added, induced a noticeable change in overrun value (62%) while the addition of CMC decreased the melting rate compared to the control. The FTIR spectrum of fermented glutinous rice ice cream with different hydrocolloids containing carboxyl, amide and carbonyl group was appeared at 3362-3379 cm-1 , 1639-1640 cm-1 and 1026-1064 cm-1, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of xanthan gum presented great potential to improve the quality of fermented glutinous rice ice cream produced in terms of its firmness, overrun and melting rate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  12. Liow CH, Sahrim Ahmad, Khairiah Badri
    In-situ polymerization method was used to prepare palm-based polyurethane (PU) composites loading with 15 wt% magnetite (Fe3O4), polyaniline (PANI) and Fe3O4 coated with PANI labeled as PU15, PP and PPM, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy analysis indicated a shift in the carbonyl, C=O and NH in PP. The shift of the peak indicated that there was hydrogen bonding between the C=O (proton acceptor) of urethane with NH (proton-donator) of PANI. PPM gave the highest impact and flexural strengths at 4875 kJ/ m2 and 42 MPa, respectively but with the lowest flexural modulus (1050 MPa). Two-stage degradation behavior was observed in the TGA thermogram.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  13. Wun FML, Muhd Hafizi Zainal, Syahidah Mohd Tahir, Ishak B. Ahmad, Mohammad B. Kassim
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:923-929.
    The presence of two different chromophores in benzothiazole molecule namely benzothiazole and aromatic rings lead to
    interesting chemical and biological properties that attract more researches on the compounds. Three new benzothiazolylbenzoythiourea
    compounds namely 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(benzoylthiourea) (BBT), 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-
    (4-chlorobenzoylthiourea) (BBT-4Cl) and 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(4-methoxybenzoylthiourea) (BBT-4OCH3
    ) with
    different electron withdrawing substituents (R) at the para positions on the benzene ring of benzoylthiourea ring have
    been synthesized from the reaction of R-benzoyl isothiocyanate (R= H, Cl, and OCH3
    ) and 2-aminobenzothiazole. The
    compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (infrared, 1
    H proton NMR and UV-Vis). The IR spectra showed
    the frequency signals of n (C=O), n (C=S), n (N-H) at 1664-1673, 1238-1249 and 3031-3055 cm-1, respectively. The 1
    H
    proton NMR spectra showed the presence of N-H amine and amide signals in the region of (12.14-12.35) and (14.17-14.43)
    ppm, respectively. The proton signals of the two benzothiazole and benzoylthiourea moieties appear at 7.08-8.16 ppm.
    A theoretical study based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent (TD) DFT was conducted to optimize
    the geometrical structure and investigate the electronic properties of title compounds. The highest occupied molecular
    orbital (HOMO) was found on the benzothiazole moiety; while, the lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) was
    located at the benzoylthiourea fragment. The DFT optimized structures possessed an intramolecular hydrogen bonding
    and the types of para substituents used influenced the properties of hydrogen bonding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  14. Ashraf Z, Mahmood T, Hassan M, Afzal S, Rafique H, Afzal K, et al.
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2019;13:1643-1657.
    PMID: 31190743 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S178595
    BACKGROUND: The amide derivatives of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been reported to possess antitumor activity. The present work describes the synthesis of dexibuprofen amide analogues (4a-j) as potential anticancer agents.

    METHODS: The title amides (4a-j) were obtained by simple nucleophilic substitution reaction of dexibuprofen acid chloride with substituted amines in good yield and chemical structures were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data.

    RESULTS: The brine shrimp lethality assay results showed that all of the synthesized compounds are non-toxic to shrimp larvae. The inhibitory effects on tumor growth were evaluated and it was observed that N-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionamide (4e) and N-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionamide (4g) exhibited excellent antitumor activity compared to all other derivatives. The compound 4e bearing 2,5-dichloro substituted phenyl ring and 4g possesses 2-chloro substituted phenyl ring exhibited 100% inhibition of the tumor growth. The anticancer activity was evaluated against breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and it was observed that derivative 4e exhibited excellent growth inhibition of cancer cells with IC50 value of 0.01±0.002 µm, which is better than the standard drugs. The docking studies against breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein BRCA1 (PDBID 3K0H) exhibited good binding affinities, which are in good agreement with the wet lab results. The compounds 4e and 4g showed the binding energy values of -6.39 and -6.34 Kcal/mol, respectively. The molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was also carried out to evaluate the residual flexibility of the best docking complexes of compounds 4e and 4g. The MD simulation analysis assured that the 4e formed a more stable complex with the target protein than the 4g. The synthesized amide derivatives exhibited were devoid of gastrointestinal side effects and no cytotoxic effects against human normal epithelial breast cell line (MCF-12A) were found.

    CONCLUSION: Based upon our wet lab and dry lab findings we propose that dexibuprofen analogue 4e may serve as a lead structure for the design of more potent anticancer drugs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/chemical synthesis; Amides/pharmacology*; Amides/chemistry
  15. Heo HY, Tee YK, Harston G, Leigh R, Chappell MA
    NMR Biomed, 2023 Jun;36(6):e4734.
    PMID: 35322482 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4734
    Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging, a variant of chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI, has shown promise in detecting ischemic tissue acidosis following impaired aerobic metabolism in animal models and in human stroke patients due to the sensitivity of the amide proton exchange rate to changes in pH within the physiological range. Recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of using APT-MRI to detect acidosis of the ischemic penumbra, enabling the assessment of stroke severity and risk of progression, monitoring of treatment progress, and prognostication of clinical outcome. This paper reviews current APT imaging methods actively used in ischemic stroke research and explores the clinical aspects of ischemic stroke and future applications for these methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  16. Abdul Jalil RM, Yahya N, Sulaiman O, Wan Mat WR, Teo R, Izaham A, et al.
    Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan, 2014 Jun;52(2):49-53.
    PMID: 25016507 DOI: 10.1016/j.aat.2014.05.007
    The basis for the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block involves infiltration of a local anesthetic into the neurofascial plane between the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscles, causing a regional block that spreads between the L1 and T10 dermatomes. Thus, the TAP block is said to be suitable for lower abdominal surgery. This study was designed to compare the analgesic efficacy of two different concentrations of ropivacaine for TAP block in patients undergoing appendectomy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/administration & dosage*
  17. Kee CH, Ariffin A, Awang K, Noorbatcha I, Takeya K, Morita H, et al.
    Molecules, 2011 Aug 25;16(9):7267-87.
    PMID: 21869754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16097267
    The n-butyramido, isobutyramido, benzamido, and furancarboxamido functions profoundly modulate the electronics of the stilbene olefinic and NH groups and the corresponding radical cations in ways that influence the efficiency of the cyclization due presumably to conformational and stereoelectronic factors. For example, isobutyramido- stilbene undergoes FeCl(3) promoted cyclization to produce only indoline, while n-butyramidostilbene, under the same conditions, produces both indoline and bisindoline.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/chemistry*
  18. Kee CH, Ariffin A, Awang K, Takeya K, Morita H, Hussain SI, et al.
    Org Biomol Chem, 2010 Dec 21;8(24):5646-60.
    PMID: 20941451 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00296h
    The syntheses of fourteen unusual o-carboxamido stilbenes by the Heck protocol revealed surprising complexity related to intriguing substituent effects with mechanistic implications. The unexpected cytotoxic and chemopreventive properties also seem to be substituent dependent. For example, although stilbene 15d (with a 4-methoxy substituent) showed cytotoxicity on HT29 colon cancer cells with an IC(50) of 4.9 μM, the 3,4-dimethoxy derivative (15c) is inactive. It is interesting to observe that the 3,5-dimethoxy derivative (15e) showed remarkable chemopreventive activity in WRL-68 fetal hepatocytes, surpassing the gold standard, resveratrol. The resveratrol concentration needed to be 5 times higher than that of 15e to produce comparable elevation of NQO1.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/chemistry*
  19. Hussain K, Ismail Z, Sadikun A, Ibrahim P
    Nat Prod Res, 2009;23(3):238-49.
    PMID: 19235024 DOI: 10.1080/14786410801987597
    Ethanol and aqueous extracts of the different parts of Piper sarmentosum were analysed by HPLC for marker compounds to standardise these extracts. The standardised extracts were investigated for antioxidant activity (beta-carotene linoleate model and DPPH model), anti-TB activity (microplate tetrazolium assay), and estimation of total phenolic and amide contents. The extracts of the different parts exhibited different antioxidant activity, phenolic and amide contents (p < 0.01). The ethanol extracts exhibited better antioxidant activity as compared to the aqueous extracts. The leaf ethanol extract was further investigated for dose response relationship and its EC(50) was found to be 38 microg mL(-1). All the extracts have exhibited anti-TB activity with MIC/MBC 12.5 microg mL(-1). The leaf methanol extract was fractionated and the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited anti-TB activity with MIC/MBC 3.12 microg mL(-1) while MIC/MBC of isoniazid (INH) was found to be 0.5 microg mL(-1). A positive correlation was found between antioxidant activity and total polyphenols, flavonoids and amides, in the beta-carotene linoleate model (p = 0.05) and in the DPPH model (p = 0.01). The analytical method was found to have linearity >0.9922, coefficient of variance <5% and accuracy 95.5 +/- 5 to 96.9 +/- 5. This plant possesses promising antioxidant as well as anti-TB properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/chemistry*
  20. Rica MA, Norlia A, Rohaizak M, Naqiyah I
    Asian J Surg, 2007 Jan;30(1):34-9.
    PMID: 17337369
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate if preemptive local infiltration (PLA) with ropivacaine could improve postoperative pain and determine its effect on drain output postmastectomy with axillary dissection.
    METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized trial comprising 30 women allocated to two groups: one to receive postoperative wound infiltration (POW) of 20 mL of 0.2% (40 mg) ropivacaine (Naropin) versus PLA with 20 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine (Naropin) diluted with 80 mL of 0.9% saline, total volume 100 mL. A visual analogue scale (0-100 mm) and angle of shoulder abduction were used for evaluation of pain. Postoperatively, all patients received oral ibuprofen 400 mg tds.
    RESULTS: There was no significant difference in postoperative pain for the first 3 days between the two groups. There were wider shoulder abduction angles in the 1st and 3rd postoperative days in the PLA group, but this was not significant. Operative time was significantly shorter in the PLA group than in the POW group (69.34+/-59.37 minutes vs. 109.67+/-26.96 minutes; p=0.02). The axillary drain was removed earlier in the preemptive group, 5.4+/-1.55 days versus 6.8+/-2.04 days in the postoperative group (p=0.04).
    CONCLUSION: We found no difference in postoperative pain between preemptive tumescent ropivacaine infiltration and postoperative ropivacaine wound infiltration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/administration & dosage*
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