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137Cs and 40K in the flesh of fish of the Indian Ocean and the Straits of Malacca

Lowe BG

Health Phys, 1979 Jun;36(6):723-4.
PMID: 468543
Matched MeSH terms: Animals
137Cs and 40K levels in marine species caught in Malaysian waters

Dougherty G, Ng CE

Health Phys, 1982 Dec;43(6):915-9.
PMID: 7152953
Matched MeSH terms: Animals
15 years of APOC--a lifetime of public health evidence

Allotey P, Amazigo U, Adjei S, Seddoh A, Lusamba-Dikassa PS

Lancet, 2012 Oct 20;380(9851):1361-3.
PMID: 23084441 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60723-5
Matched MeSH terms: Animals
Fulltext 15-Deoxy-Delta-12,14-prostaglandin J2 modulates pro-labour and pro-inflammatory responses in human myocytes, vaginal and amnion epithelial cells

Rasheed ZB, Lee YS, Kim SH, Teoh T, MacIntyre DA, Bennett PR, et al.

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2022;13:983924.
PMID: 36213265 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.983924

BACKGROUND: Prematurity is the leading cause of childhood death under the age of five. The aetiology of preterm birth is multifactorial; however, inflammation and infection are the most common causal factors, supporting a potential role for immunomodulation as a therapeutic strategy. 15-Deoxy-Delta-12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2) is an anti-inflammatory prostaglandin and has been shown to delay lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced preterm labour in mice and improve pup survival. This study explores the immunomodulatory effect of 15dPGJ2 on the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and contraction associated proteins in human cultured myocytes, vaginal epithelial cell line (VECs) and primary amnion epithelial cells (AECs).
METHODS: Cells were pre-incubated with 32µM of 15dPGJ2 and stimulated with 1ng/mL of IL-1β as an in vitro model of inflammation. Western immunoblotting was used to detect phosphorylated p-65 and phosphorylated c-Jun as markers of NF-κB and AP-1 activation, respectively. mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was examined, and protein expression of COX-2 and PGE2 were detected by western immunoblotting and ELISA respectively. Myometrial contractility was examined ex-vivo using a myograph.
RESULTS: 15dPGJ2 inhibited IL-1β-induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1, and expression of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, COX-2 and PGE2 in myocytes, with no effect on myometrial contractility or cell viability. Despite inhibiting IL-1β-induced activation of NF-κB, expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2, 15dPGJ2 led to activation of AP-1, increased production of PGE2 and increased cell death in VECs and AECs.
CONCLUSION: We conclude that 15dPGJ2 has differential effects on inflammatory modulation depending on cell type and is therefore unlikely to be a useful therapeutic agent for the prevention of preterm birth.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals
15-deoxy-isoxeniolide-A, new diterpenoid from a bornean soft coral, Xenia sp

Phan CS, Kamada T, Kobayashi K, Hamada T, Vairappan CS

Nat Prod Res, 2018 Jan;32(2):202-207.
PMID: 28691521 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1346638

A new xenicane diterpenoid, 15-deoxy-isoxeniolide-A (1) along with four known compounds 9-deoxy-isoxeniolide-A (2), isoxeniolide-A (3), xeniolide-A (4) and coraxeniolide-B (5) were isolated from the Bornean soft coral Xenia sp. The structures of these metabolites were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis, NMR and HRESIMS. Compound 5 showed cytotoxic activity against ATL cell line, S1T.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals
16-Hydroxycembra-1,3,7,11-tetraene, a new Cembrane Diterpene from Malaysian Soft Coral Genus Sarcophyton

Kamada T, Phan CS, Tin HS, Vairappan CS, Muhammad TST

Nat Prod Commun, 2016 Aug;11(8):1077-1078.
PMID: 30725560

One new cembrane diterpene, 16-hydroxycembra-1,3,7,11-tetraene (1), along with three known compounds, 15-hydroxycembra-1,3,7,11-tetraene (2), sarcophine (3) and sarcophytoxide (4) were isolated from Sarcophyton sp. collected from Karah Island, Terengganu, West Malaysia. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data. Activities of these compounds against antibacterial resistant clinical bacteria are reported. Only 1 exhibited inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals
Fulltext 16S rRNA metagenomic data of microbial diversity of Pheidole decarinata Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) workers

Ashigar MA, Ab Majid AH

Data Brief, 2020 Aug;31:106037.
PMID: 32728606 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106037

Metagenomic datasets of the microbial DNA of workers of a Pheidole decarinata Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) around houses with three replicates were presented. Next-generation sequencing of the microbial DNA was performed on an Illumina Miseq platform. QIIME (version 1.9.1) was used to analyze the raw fastq files. Metagenome of the three (3) samples consist of 333,708 sequences representing 137,359,149 bps with an average length of 413.67 bps. The sequence data is available at the NCBI SRA with the bioproject number PRJNA632430. Community analysis revealed Proteobacteria was the predominant (84.77%) microbial community present in the microbial DNA of workers of the P. decarinata.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals
Fulltext 1H NMR metabolomics insights into comparative diabesity in male and female zebrafish and the antidiabetic activity of DL-limonene

Benchoula K, Serpell CJ, Mediani A, Albogami A, Misnan NM, Ismail NH, et al.

Sci Rep, 2024 Feb 15;14(1):3823.
PMID: 38360784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45608-z

Zebrafish have been utilized for many years as a model animal for pharmacological studies on diabetes and obesity. High-fat diet (HFD), streptozotocin and alloxan injection, and glucose immersion have all been used to induce diabetes and obesity in zebrafish. Currently, studies commonly used both male and female zebrafish, which may influence the outcomes since male and female zebrafish are biologically different. This study was designed to investigate the difference between the metabolites of male and female diabetic zebrafish, using limonene - a natural product which has shown several promising results in vitro and in vivo in treating diabetes and obesity-and provide new insights into how endogenous metabolites change following limonene treatment. Using HFD-fed male and female zebrafish, we were able to develop an animal model of T2D and identify several endogenous metabolites that might be used as diagnostic biomarkers for diabetes. The endogenous metabolites in males and females were different, even though both genders had high blood glucose levels and a high BMI. Treatment with limonene prevented high blood glucose levels and improved in diabesity zebrafish by limonene, through reversal of the metabolic changes caused by HFD in both genders. In addition, limonene was able to reverse the elevated expression of AKT during HFD.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals
Fulltext 1H NMR-based Investigation of Metabolic Response to Electro-Acupuncture Stimulation

Lin C, Wei Z, Cheng KK, Xu J, Shen G, She C, et al.

Sci Rep, 2017 07 28;7(1):6820.
PMID: 28754994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07306-5

Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine therapy that has been found useful for treating various diseases. The treatments involve the insertion of fine needles at acupoints along specific meridians (meridian specificity). This study aims to investigate the metabolic basis of meridian specificity using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics. Electro-acupuncture (EA) stimulations were performed at acupoints of either Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming (SMFY) or Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang (GMFS) in healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. 1H-NMR spectra datasets of serum, urine, cortex, and stomach tissue extracts from the rats were analysed by multivariate statistical analysis to investigate metabolic perturbations due to EA treatments at different meridians. EA treatment on either the SMFY or GMFS acupoints induced significant variations in 31 metabolites, e.g., amino acids, organic acids, choline esters and glucose. Moreover, a few meridian-specific metabolic changes were found for EA stimulations on the SMFY or GMFS acupoints. Our study demonstrated significant metabolic differences in response to EA stimulations on acupoints of SMFY and GMFS meridians. These results validate the hypothesis that meridian specificity in acupuncture is detectable in the metabolome and demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of a metabolomics approach in understanding the mechanism of acupuncture.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals
Fulltext 1H NMR-based metabolomics investigation of copper-laden rat: a model of Wilson's disease

Xu J, Jiang H, Li J, Cheng KK, Dong J, Chen Z

PLoS One, 2015;10(4):e0119654.
PMID: 25849323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119654

Wilson's disease (WD), also known as hepatoleticular degeneration (HLD), is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder of copper metabolism, which causes copper to accumulate in body tissues. In this study, rats fed with copper-laden diet are used to render the clinical manifestations of WD, and their copper toxicity-induced organ lesions are studied. To investigate metabolic behaviors of 'decoppering' process, penicillamine (PA) was used for treating copper-laden rats as this chelating agent could eliminate excess copper through the urine. To date, there has been limited metabolomics study on WD, while metabolic impacts of copper accumulation and PA administration have yet to be established.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals
Fulltext 1H-NMR-Based Metabolomics: An Integrated Approach for the Detection of the Adulteration in Chicken, Chevon, Beef and Donkey Meat

Akhtar MT, Samar M, Shami AA, Mumtaz MW, Mukhtar H, Tahir A, et al.

Molecules, 2021 Jul 30;26(15).
PMID: 34361796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154643

Meat is a rich source of energy that provides high-value animal protein, fats, vitamins, minerals and trace amounts of carbohydrates. Globally, different types of meats are consumed to fulfill nutritional requirements. However, the increasing burden on the livestock industry has triggered the mixing of high-price meat species with low-quality/-price meat. This work aimed to differentiate different meat samples on the basis of metabolites. The metabolic difference between various meat samples was investigated through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis approaches like principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). In total, 37 metabolites were identified in the gluteal muscle tissues of cow, goat, donkey and chicken using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. PCA was found unable to completely differentiate between meat types, whereas OPLS-DA showed an apparent separation and successfully differentiated samples from all four types of meat. Lactate, creatine, choline, acetate, leucine, isoleucine, valine, formate, carnitine, glutamate, 3-hydroxybutyrate and α-mannose were found as the major discriminating metabolites between white (chicken) and red meat (chevon, beef and donkey). However, inosine, lactate, uracil, carnosine, format, pyruvate, carnitine, creatine and acetate were found responsible for differentiating chevon, beef and donkey meat. The relative quantification of differentiating metabolites was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Our results showed that NMR-based metabolomics is a powerful tool for the identification of novel signatures (potential biomarkers) to characterize meats from different sources and could potentially be used for quality control purposes in order to differentiate different meat types.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals
1H-NMR-based metabolomics to investigate the effects of Phoenix dactylifera seed extracts in LPS-IFN-γ-induced RAW 264.7 cells

Abdul-Hamid NA, Abas F, Ismail IS, Tham CL, Maulidiani M, Mediani A, et al.

Food Res Int, 2019 11;125:108565.
PMID: 31554083 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108565

Inflammation has been revealed to play a central role in the onset and progression of many illnesses. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics method was adopted to evaluate the effects of Phoenix dactylifera seeds, in particular the Algerian date variety of Deglet on the metabolome of the LPS-IFN-γ-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Variations in the extracellular and intracellular profiles emphasized the differences in the presence of tyrosine, phenylalanine, alanine, proline, asparagine, isocitrate, inosine and lysine. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed noticeable clustering patterns between the treated and induced RAW cells based on the metabolic profile of the extracellular metabolites. However, the effects of treatment on the intracellular metabolites appears to be less distinct as suggested by the PCA and heatmap analyses. A clear group segregation was observed for the intracellular metabolites from the treated and induced cells based on the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot. Likewise, 11 of the metabolites in the treated cells were significantly different from those in the induced groups, including amino acids and succinate. The enrichment analysis demonstrated that treatment with Deglet seed extracts interfered with the energy and of amino acids metabolism. Overall, the obtained data reinforced the possible application of Deglet seeds as a functional food with anti-inflammatory properties.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals
2-Furoic piperazide derivatives as promising drug candidates of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's diseases: In vitro and in silico studies

Abbasi MA, Hassan M, Ur-Rehman A, Siddiqui SZ, Hussain G, Shah SAA, et al.

Comput Biol Chem, 2018 Dec;77:72-86.
PMID: 30245349 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.09.007

The heterocyclic compounds have been extensively reported for their bioactivity potential. The current research work reports the synthesis of some new multi-functional derivatives of 2-furoic piperazide (1; 1-(2-furoyl)piperazine). The synthesis was initiated by reacting the starting compound 1 with 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (2) in a basic, polar and protic medium to obtain the parent sulfonamide 3 which was then treated with different electrophiles, 4a-g, in a polar and aprotic medium to acquire the designed molecules, 5a-g. These convergent derivatives were evaluated for their inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Acarbose was used as a reference standard for α-glucosidase inhibition while eserine for AChE and BChE inhibition. Some of the synthesized compounds were identified as promising inhibitors of these three enzymes and their bioactivity potentials were also supported by molecular docking study. The most active compounds among the synthetic analogues might be helpful in drug discovery and development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and Alzhiemer's diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals
Fulltext 210Po and 210Pb in cockle tissues in west coast of Peninsula Malaysia

Che Abd Rahim Mohamed, Tee, Lee Theng, Zaharuddin Ahmad

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2006;2006(1):69-75.
MyJurnal

Natural radionuclides such as 210 Po and 210 Pb were analyzed in soft part of cockle (Anadara granosa) obtained from Kuala Selangor in the west coast Peninsular of Malaysia. The activity levels of both nuclides fluctuated within the size of cockles from 41.3 ± 2.5 Bq/kg to 114 ± 7 Bq/kg and 12.9 ± 1.7 Bq/kg to 96.8 ± 5.3 Bq/kg in dry weight (dwt) for 210 Po and 210 Pb, respectively. The level activity in wet weight (wwt) also varied from 8.60 ± 0.52 Bq/kg to 25.70 ± 1.63 Bq/kg and 2.47 ± 0.40 Bq/kg to 19.27 ± 1.05 Bq/kg for 210 Po and 210 Pb, respectively, probably related to the different of metabolic rate and growth of cockles. Activity ratio of 210 Po/ 210 Pb in dry weight also fluctuated from 0.93 to 6.41 with not related to the decay of 210 Pb.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals
Fulltext 27 years of benthic and coral community dynamics on turbid, highly urbanised reefs off Singapore

Guest JR, Tun K, Low J, Vergés A, Marzinelli EM, Campbell AH, et al.

Sci Rep, 2016 11 08;6:36260.
PMID: 27824083 DOI: 10.1038/srep36260

Coral cover on reefs is declining globally due to coastal development, overfishing and climate change. Reefs isolated from direct human influence can recover from natural acute disturbances, but little is known about long term recovery of reefs experiencing chronic human disturbances. Here we investigate responses to acute bleaching disturbances on turbid reefs off Singapore, at two depths over a period of 27 years. Coral cover declined and there were marked changes in coral and benthic community structure during the first decade of monitoring at both depths. At shallower reef crest sites (3-4 m), benthic community structure recovered towards pre-disturbance states within a decade. In contrast, there was a net decline in coral cover and continuing shifts in community structure at deeper reef slope sites (6-7 m). There was no evidence of phase shifts to macroalgal dominance but coral habitats at deeper sites were replaced by unstable substrata such as fine sediments and rubble. The persistence of coral dominance at chronically disturbed shallow sites is likely due to an abundance of coral taxa which are tolerant to environmental stress. In addition, high turbidity may interact antagonistically with other disturbances to reduce the impact of thermal stress and limit macroalgal growth rates.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals
Fulltext 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction in mice

Lau YS, Mustafa MR, Choy KW, Chan SMH, Potocnik S, Herbert TP, et al.

Sci Rep, 2018 01 29;8(1):1818.
PMID: 29379034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19584-8

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in the development of hypertension 3 through the induction of endothelial impairment. As 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) 4 reduces vascular injury caused by ischaemia/reperfusion or diabetes, and flavonols have been demonstrated to attenuate ER stress, we investigated whether DiOHF can protect mice from ER stress-induced endothelial dysfunction. Male C57BLK/6 J mice were injected with tunicamycin to induce ER stress in the presence or absence of either DiOHF or tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an inhibitor of ER stress. Tunicamycin elevated blood pressure and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation. Moreover, in aortae there was evidence of ER stress, oxidative stress and reduced NO production. This was coincident with increased NOX2 expression and reduced phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) on Ser1176. Importantly, the effects of tunicamycin were significantly ameliorated by DiOHF or TUDCA. DiOHF also inhibited tunicamycin-induced ER stress and apoptosis in cultured human endothelial cells (HUVEC). These results provide evidence that ER stress is likely an important initiator of endothelial dysfunction through the induction of oxidative stress and a reduction in NO synthesis and that DiOHF directly protects against ER stress- induced injury. DiOHF may be useful to prevent ER and oxidative stress to preserve endothelial function, for example in hypertension.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals
3,5-Bis[4-(diethoxymethyl)benzylidene]-1-methyl-piperidin-4-one, a Novel Curcumin Analogue, Inhibits Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Male Balb/c Mice

Arshad L, Jantan I, Bukhari SNA, Fauzi MB

Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 2018;19(6):468-482.
PMID: 29968535 DOI: 10.2174/1389201019666180703092723

BACKGROUND: 3,5-Bis[4-(diethoxymethyl)benzylidene]-1-methyl-piperidin-4-one (BBP), a novel synthetic curcumin analogue has previously been shown to manifest potent immunosuppressive effects on the in vitro phagocytosis process of human neutrophils.
OBJECTIVE: In the present study, BBP was investigated for it's in vivo innate and adaptive immune responses mediated by different humoral and cellular immune factors.
METHODS: Male Balb/c mice were orally fed with BBP (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) for a period of 14 days and immunized with sheep red blood cells (sRBC) on day 0 for the determination of adaptive responses. The effects of BBP on phagocytosis process of neutrophils isolated from blood of treated/untreated animals were determined. The ceruloplasmin and lysozyme serum levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) plasma level were also monitored. The mechanism was further explored by assessing its effects on the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes subsets CD4+ and CD8+ and on the secretion of Th1/Th2 cytokines as well as serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM) and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction.
RESULTS: BBP showed a significant dose-dependent reduction on the migration of neutrophils, Mac-1 expression, phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In comparison to the sensitized control group, a dose-dependent inhibition was observed on lymphocyte proliferation along with the downregulation of effector cells expression and release of cytokines. Moreover, a statistically significant decrease was perceived in serum levels of ceruloplasmin, lysozyme and immunoglobulins and MPO plasma level of BBP-treated mice. BBP also dose-dependently inhibited sheep red blood cells (sRBC)-induced swelling rate of mice paw in DTH.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the potential of BBP as a potent immunosuppressive agent.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals
3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in Soy Sauce: A Review on the Formation, Reduction, and Detection of This Potential Carcinogen

Lee BQ, Khor SM

Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf, 2015 Jan;14(1):48-66.
PMID: 33401813 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12120

Soy sauce, a dark-colored seasoning, is added to enhance the sensory properties of foods. Soy sauce can be consumed as a condiment or added during the preparation of food. There are 3 types of soy sauce: fermented, acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein (acid- HVP), and mixtures of these. 3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a heat-produced contaminants formed during the preparation of soy sauce and was found to be a by-product of acid-HVP-produced soy sauce in 1978. 3-MCPD has been reported to be carcinogenic, nephrotoxic, and reproductively toxic in laboratory animal testing and has been registered as a chemosterilant for rodent control. 3-MCPD is classified as a possible carcinogenic compound, and the maximum tolerated limit in food has been established at both national and international levels. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview on the detection of 3-MCPD in soy sauce, its toxic effects, and the potential methods to reduce its concentration, especially during the production of acid-HVP soy sauce. The methods of quantification are also critically reviewed with a focus on efficiency, suitability, and challenges encountered in analysis.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals; Animals, Laboratory
Fulltext 3D Culture of MSCs on a Gelatin Microsphere in a Dynamic Culture System Enhances Chondrogenesis

Sulaiman S, Chowdhury SR, Fauzi MB, Rani RA, Yahaya NHM, Tabata Y, et al.

Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Apr 13;21(8).
PMID: 32294921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082688

Recent advancement in cartilage tissue engineering has explored the potential of 3D culture to mimic the in vivo environment of human cartilaginous tissue. Three-dimensional culture using microspheres was described to play a role in driving the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to chondrocyte lineage. However, factors such as mechanical agitation on cell chondrogenesis during culture on the microspheres has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we compared the 2D and 3D culture of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on gelatin microspheres (GMs) in terms of MSC stemness properties, immune-phenotype, multilineage differentiation properties, and proliferation rate. Then, to study the effect of mechanical agitation on chondrogenic differentiation in 3D culture, we cultured BMSCs on GM (BMSCs-GM) in either static or dynamic bioreactor system with two different mediums, i.e., F12: DMEM (1:1) + 10% FBS (FD) and chondrogenic induction medium (CIM). Our results show that BMSCs attached to the GM surface and remained viable in 3D culture. BMSCs-GM proliferated faster and displayed higher stemness properties than BMSCs on a tissue culture plate (BMSCs-TCP). GMs also enhanced the efficiency of in-vitro chondrogenesis of BMSCs, especially in a dynamic culture with higher cell proliferation, RNA expression, and protein expression compared to that in a static culture. To conclude, our results indicate that the 3D culture of BMSCs on gelatin microsphere was superior to 2D culture on a standard tissue culture plate. Furthermore, culturing BMSCs on GM in dynamic culture conditions enhanced their chondrogenic differentiation.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals
3D printing for oral drug delivery: a new tool to customize drug delivery

Pandey M, Choudhury H, Fern JLC, Kee ATK, Kou J, Jing JLJ, et al.

Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2020 08;10(4):986-1001.
PMID: 32207070 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00737-0

The involvement of recent technologies, such as nanotechnology and three-dimensional printing (3DP), in drug delivery has become the utmost importance for effective and safe delivery of potent therapeutics, and thus, recent advancement for oral drug delivery through 3DP technology has been expanded. The use of computer-aided design (CAD) in 3DP technology allows the manufacturing of drug formulation with the desired release rate and pattern. Currently, the most applicable 3DP technologies in the oral drug delivery system are inkjet printing method, fused deposition method, nozzle-based extrusion system, and stereolithographic 3DP. In 2015, the first 3D-printed tablet was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and since then, it has opened up more opportunities in the discovery of formulation for the development of an oral drug delivery system. 3DP allows the production of an oral drug delivery device that enables tailor-made formulation with customizable size, shape, and release rate. Despite the advantages offered by 3DP technology in the drug delivery system, there are challenges in terms of drug stability, safety as well as applicability in the clinical sector. Nonetheless, 3DP has immense potential in the development of drug delivery devices for future personalized medicine. This article will give the recent advancement along with the challenges of 3DP techniques for the development of oral drug delivery. Graphical abstract.

Matched MeSH terms: Animals

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