Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 269 in total

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  1. Ahmad FB, Ghaffari Moghaddam M, Basri M, Abdul Rahman MB
    Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2010;74(5):1025-9.
    PMID: 20460723
    An easy and efficient strategy to prepare betulinic acid esters with various anhydrides was used by the enzymatic synthesis method. It involves lipase-catalyzed acylation of betulinic acid with anhydrides as acylating agents in organic solvent. Lipase from Candida antarctica immobilized on an acrylic resin (Novozym 435) was employed as a biocatalyst. Several 3-O-acyl-betulinic acid derivatives were successfully obtained by this procedure. The anticancer activity of betulinic acid and its 3-O-acylated derivatives were then evaluated in vitro against human lung carcinoma (A549) and human ovarian (CAOV3) cancer cell lines. 3-O-glutaryl-betulinic acid, 3-O-acetyl-betulinic acid, and 3-O-succinyl-betulinic acid showed IC(50)<10 microg/ml against A549 cancer cell line tested and showed better cytotoxicity than betulinic acid. In an ovarian cancer cell line, all betulinic acid derivatives prepared showed weaker cytotoxicity than betulinic acid.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
  2. Sharma P, Mehta M, Dhanjal DS, Kaur S, Gupta G, Singh H, et al.
    Chem Biol Interact, 2019 Aug 25;309:108720.
    PMID: 31226287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.033
    Cancer is one of the major diseases that cause a high number of deaths globally. Of the major types of cancers, lung cancer is known to be the most chronic form of cancer in the world. The conventional management of lung cancer includes different medical interventions like chemotherapy, surgical removal, and radiation therapy. However, this type of approach lacks specificity and also harms the adjacent normal cells. Lately, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising intervention in the management and treatment of lung cancers. Nanotechnology has revolutionized the existing modalities and focuses primarily on reducing toxicity and improving the bioavailability of anticancer drugs to the target tumor cells. Nanocarrier systems are being currently used extensively to exploit and to overcome the obstructions induced by cancers in the lungs. The nano-carrier-loaded therapeutic drug delivery methods have shown promising potential in treating lung cancer as its target is to control the growth of tumor cells. In this review, various modes of nano drug delivery options like liposomes, dendrimers, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes and metallic nanoparticles have been discussed. Nano-carrier drug delivery systems emerge as a promising approach and thus is expected to provide newer and advanced avenues in cancer therapeutics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
  3. Abbasi M, Yaqoob M, Haque RA, Iqbal MA
    Mini Rev Med Chem, 2021;21(1):69-78.
    PMID: 32767935 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200807130721
    Development of novel metallodrugs with pharmacological profile plays a significant role in modern medicinal chemistry and drug design. Metal complexes have shown remarkable clinical results in current cancer therapy. Gold complexes have attained attention due to their high antiproliferative potential. Gold-based drugs are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Gold-containing compounds with selective and specific targets are capable to assuage the symptoms of a range of human diseases. Gold (I) species with labile ligands (such as Cl in TEPAuCl) interact with isolated DNA; therefore, this biomolecule has been considered as a target for gold drugs. Gold (I) has a high affinity towards sulfur and selenium. Due to this, gold (I) drugs readily interact with cysteine or selenocysteine residue of the enzyme to form protein-gold(I) thiolate or protein-gold (I) selenolate complexes that lead to inhibition of the enzyme activity. Au(III) compounds due to their square-planner geometriesthe same as found in cisplatin, represent a good source for the development of anti-tumor agents. This article aims to review the most important applications of gold products in the treatment of human colon cancer and to analyze the complex interplay between gold and the human body.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
  4. Fong SY, Piva T, Dekiwadia C, Urban S, Huynh T
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2016 Sep 20;16:368.
    PMID: 27646974 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1348-x
    Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau leaves are widely used by cancer patients and the leaf extracts possess cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on several human cancer cell lines. However, the effect of C. nutans leaf extract on human melanoma, which is the least common but most fatal form of skin cancer and one of the most common cancers diagnosed in both sexes worldwide, is unknown. There is also limited information on whether the bioactivity of extracts differs between C. nutans leaves grown in different geographical locations with varying environmental conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
  5. Petersen AB, Andersen NS, Konotop G, Hanafiah NH, Raab MS, Krämer A, et al.
    Eur J Med Chem, 2017 Apr 21;130:240-247.
    PMID: 28258034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.055
    Griseofulvin (1) is an important antifungal agent that has recently received attention due to its antiproliferative activity in mammalian cancer cells. Comprehensive SAR studies have led to the identification of 2'-benzyloxy griseofulvin 2, a more potent analogue with low micromolar anticancer potency in vitro. Analogue 2 was also shown to retard tumor growth through inhibition of centrosomal clustering in murine xenograft models of colon cancer and multiple myeloma. However, similar to griseofulvin, compound 2 exhibited poor metabolic stability and aqueous solubility. In order to improve the poor pharmacokinetic properties, 11 griseofulvin analogues were synthesized and evaluated for biological activity and physiological stabilities including SGF, plasma, and metabolic stability. Finally, the most promising compounds were investigated in respect to thermodynamic solubility and formulation studies. The 2'-benzylamine analogue 10 proved to be the most promising compound with low μM in vitro anticancer potency, a 200-fold increase in PBS solubility over compound 2, and with improved metabolic stability. Furthermore, this analogue proved compatible with formulations suitable for both oral and intravenous administration. Finally, 2'-benzylamine analogue 10 was confirmed to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest in vitro.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry*
  6. Kabir MZ, Tee WV, Mohamad SB, Alias Z, Tayyab S
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2017 Jun 15;181:254-263.
    PMID: 28376387 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.059
    Binding studies between a multi-targeted anticancer drug, sunitinib (SU) and human serum albumin (HSA) were made using fluorescence, UV-vis absorption, circular dichroism (CD) and molecular docking analysis. Both fluorescence quenching data and UV-vis absorption results suggested formation of SU-HSA complex. Moderate binding affinity between SU and HSA was evident from the value of the binding constant (3.04×104M-1), obtained at 298K. Involvement of hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds as the leading intermolecular forces in the formation of SU-HSA complex was predicted from the thermodynamic data of the binding reaction. These results were in good agreement with the molecular docking analysis. Microenvironmental perturbations around Tyr and Trp residues as well as secondary and tertiary structural changes in HSA upon SU binding were evident from the three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism results. SU binding to HSA also improved the thermal stability of the protein. Competitive displacement results and molecular docking analysis revealed the binding locus of SU to HSA in subdomain IIA (Sudlow's site I). The influence of a few common ions on the binding constant of SU-HSA complex was also noticed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
  7. Murthy S, Hazli UHAM, Kong KW, Mai CW, Leong CO, Rahman NA, et al.
    Curr Org Synth, 2019;16(8):1166-1173.
    PMID: 31984923 DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666191003095253
    BACKGROUND: Sesamol is a widely used antioxidant for the food and pharmaceutical industries. The oxidation products of this compound may be accumulated in foods or ingested. Little is known about its effect on human health.

    OBJECTIVE: It is of great interest to identify the oxidation products of sesamol that may be beneficial to humans. This study was undertaken to identify the oxidation products of sesamol and investigate their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the ferricyanide oxidation approach, four oxidation products of sesamol (2, 3, 20 & 21) have been identified. Structural elucidation of these compounds was established on the basis of their detailed NMR spectroscopic analysis, mass spectrometry and x-ray crystallography. Additionally, a formation mechanism of compound 20 was proposed based on high-resolution mass spectrometry-fragmentation method. The antioxidant activities of these compounds were determined by the DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of these compounds was evaluated against a panel of human cancer cell lines as well as non-cancerous cells.

    RESULTS: Two oxidation products of sesamol were found to contain an unusual methylenedioxy ring-opening skeleton, as evidenced by spectroscopic and x-ray crystallographic data. Among all compounds, 20 displayed impressive antiproliferative activities against a panel of human cancer cell lines yet remained non-toxic to noncancerous cells. The antioxidant activities of compound 20 are significantly weaker than sesamol as determined by the DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays.

    CONCLUSION: The oxidation products of sesamol could be a valuable source of bioactive molecules. Compound 20 may be used as a potential lead molecule for cancer studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
  8. Hussain Z, Khan S, Imran M, Sohail M, Shah SWA, de Matas M
    Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2019 06;9(3):721-734.
    PMID: 30895453 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00631-4
    On account of heterogeneity, intrinsic ability of drug resistance, and the potential to invade to other parts of the body (malignancy), the development of a rational anticancer regimen is dynamically challenging. Chemotherapy is considered the gold standard for eradication of malignancy and mitigation of its reoccurrence; nevertheless, it has also been associated with detrimental effects to normal tissues owing to its nonselectivity and nominal penetration into the tumor tissues. In recent decades, nanotechnology-guided interventions have been well-acclaimed due to their ability to facilitate target-specific delivery of drugs, avoidance of nontarget distribution, alleviated systemic toxicity, and maximized drug internalization into cancer cells. Despite their numerous biomedical advantages, clinical translation of nanotechnology-mediated regimens is challenging due to their short plasma half-life and early clearance. PEGylation of nanomedicines has been adapted as an efficient strategy to extend plasma half-life and diminished early plasma clearance via alleviating the opsonization (uptake by monocytes and macrophages) of drug nanocarriers. PEGylation provides "stealth" properties to nanocarrier's surfaces which diminished their recognition or uptake by cellular immune system, leading to longer circulation time, reduced dosage and frequency, and superior site-selective delivery of drugs. Therefore, this review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the pharmaceutical advantages and therapeutic feasibility of PEGylation of nanocarriers in improving tumor-specific targetability, reversing drug resistance, and improving pharmacokinetic profile of drugs and anticancer efficacy. Challenges to PEGylated cancer nanomedicines, possible adaptations to resolve those challenges, and pivotal requirement for interdisciplinary research for development of rational anticancer regimen have also been pondered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
  9. Wsoo MA, Shahir S, Mohd Bohari SP, Nayan NHM, Razak SIA
    Carbohydr Res, 2020 May;491:107978.
    PMID: 32163784 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107978
    Cellulose acetate (CA) is a remarkable biomaterial most extensively used in biomedical applications due to their properties. This review highlighted the synthesis and chemical structure of CA polymer as well as focused on the mechanical, chemical, thermal, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties of electrospun CA nanofibers. These properties are essential in the evaluation of the CA nanofibers and provide information as a reference for the further utilization and improvement of CA nanofibers. Moreover, we have summarized the use of electrospun CA nanofibers in the drug delivery system as a carrier for drugs and classify them according to the drug class, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial agents, vitamins and amino acids. Our review has been concluded that CA nanofibers cannot wholly be biodegraded within the human body due to the absence of cellulase enzyme but degraded by microorganisms. Hence, the biodegradation of CA nanofibers in vivo has addressed as a critical challenge.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
  10. Wong SK, Wong SP, Sim KS, Lim SH, Low YY, Kam TS
    J Nat Prod, 2019 07 26;82(7):1902-1907.
    PMID: 31241923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00255
    Three new alkaloids were isolated from the bark extract of the Malayan Kopsia arborea, viz., arbophyllidine (1), an unusual pentacyclic, monoterpenoid indole characterized by an absence of oxygen atoms and incorporating a new carbon-nitrogen skeleton, and arbophyllinines A (2) and B (3), two pentacyclic corynanthean alkaloids incorporating a hydroxyethyl-substituted tetrahydrofuranone ring. The structures of the alkaloids were deduced based on analysis of the MS and NMR data and confirmed by X-ray diffraction analyses. The absolute configuration of arbophyllidine (1) was established based on experimental and calculated ECD data, while that of arbophyllinine A was based on X-ray diffraction analysis (Cu Kα). A reasonable biosynthetic route to arbophyllidine (1) from a pericine precursor is presented. Arbophyllidine (1) showed pronounced in vitro growth inhibitory activity against the HT-29 human cancer cell line with IC50 6.2 μM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry*
  11. Aljabali AAA, Alzoubi L, Hamzat Y, Alqudah A, Obeid MA, Al Zoubi MS, et al.
    Comb Chem High Throughput Screen, 2021;24(10):1557-1571.
    PMID: 32928083 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200914110012
    BACKGROUND: Virus nanoparticles have been extensively studied over the past decades for theranostics applications. Viruses are well-characterized, naturally occurring nanoparticles that can be produced in high quantity with a high degree of similarity in both structure and composition.

    OBJECTIVES: The plant virus Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV) has been innovatively used as a nanoscaffold. Utilization of the internal cavity of empty Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for the inclusion of therapeutics within the capsid has opened many opportunities in drug delivery and imaging applications.

    METHODS: The encapsidation of magnetic materials and anticancer drugs was achieved. SuperscriptCPMV denotes molecules attached to the external surface of CPMV and CPMVSubscript denotes molecules within the interior of the capsid.

    RESULTS: Here, the generation of novel VLPs incorporating iron-platinum nanoparticles TCPMVFePt and cisplatin (Cis) (TCPMVCis) is reported. TCPMVCis exhibited a cytotoxic IC50 of TCPMVCis on both A549 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines of 1.8 μM and 3.9 μM, respectively after 72 hours of incubation. The TCPMVFePt were prepared as potential MRI contrast agents.

    CONCLUSION: Cisplatin loaded VLP (TCPMVCis) is shown to enhance cisplatin cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines with its potency increased by 2.3-folds.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
  12. Mishra V, Nayak P, Singh M, Tambuwala MM, Aljabali AA, Chellappan DK, et al.
    Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2021;21(12):1490-1509.
    PMID: 32951580 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200918111024
    BACKGROUND: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most investigated nanostructures in recent years, which exhibit more challenging and promising qualities in different biomedical applications. The AgNPs synthesized by the green approach provide potential healthcare benefits over chemical approaches, including improvement of tissue restoration, drug delivery, diagnosis, being environmentally friendly, and a boon to cancer treatment.

    OBJECTIVE: In the current scenario, the development of safe and effective drug delivery systems is the utmost concern of formulation development scientists as well as clinicians.

    METHODS: Google, Web of Science, and PubMed portals have been searched for potentially relevant literature to get the latest developments and updated information related to different aspects of green synthesized AgNPs along with their biomedical applications, especially in the treatment of different types of cancers.

    RESULTS: The present review highlights the latest published research regarding the different green approaches for the synthesis of AgNPs, their characterization techniques as well as various biomedical applications, particularly in cancer treatment. In this context, environment-friendly AgNPs are proving themselves as better candidates in terms of size, drug loading and release efficiency, targeting efficiency, minimal drug-associated side effects, pharmacokinetic profiling, and biocompatibility issues.

    CONCLUSION: With continuous efforts by multidisciplinary team approaches, nanotechnology-based AgNPs will shed new light on diagnostics and therapeutics in various disease treatments. However, the toxicity issues of AgNPs need greater attention as unanticipated toxic effects must be ruled out for their diversified applications.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
  13. Ng SY, Kamada T, Suleiman M, Vairappan CS
    Nat Prod Res, 2018 Aug;32(15):1832-1837.
    PMID: 29156972 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1405409
    The Bornean liverwort Gottschelia schizopleura was investigated phytochemically for the first time. Two new and four previously known clerodane-type diterpenoids were isolated from the MeOH extract of G. schizopleura through a series of chromatographic techniques. The structures of the new metabolites were established by analyses of their spectroscopic data (1D NMR, 2D NMR, HRESIMS and IR). All the isolated compounds 1-6 were tested against human promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and Mus musculus skin melanoma (B16-F10). Compound 1 and 2 showed active inhibition against HL-60 and B16-F10 cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
  14. Sharma S, Gupta A, Chik SMST, Kee CG, Mistry BM, Kim DH, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2017 Nov;104(Pt A):189-196.
    PMID: 28596005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.015
    In the present study chicken feathers were hydrolyzed by chemical treatment in alkaline conditions. The pH value of feather hydrolyzed solution was amended accordingly the iso-electric precipitation. Two types of keratin microparticles KM1, KM2 were synthesized under acidic conditions at 3.5 and 5.5pH respectively. The synthesized keratin microparticles possessed uniform and round surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal degradation of microparticles were examined by thermogravimetry (TGA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the extracted keratin retained the most of protein backbone. The microparticles were screened for their in vitro anticancer activities by SRB bioassay towards HeLa, SK-OV-3 and A549 cancer cell lines. Futhermore, their cytotoxicity towards healthy cell lines was analyzed having Malin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell lines along with in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS methods KM1 and KM2 showed 200.31±1.01 and 139.73±0.94, 214.16±0.29 and 153.92±0.61, 328.92±3.46 and 200.33±2.48μg/mL of IC50 levels against HeLa, SK-OV-3, and A549 cell lines, respectively. Moreover, KM1 and KM2 demonstrated significant antioxidant potency with IC50 levels 13.15 and 9.02μg/mL as well as 8.96 and 5.60μg/mL in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging bioassay, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
  15. Haque MA, Jantan I, Arshad L, Bukhari SNA
    Food Funct, 2017 Oct 18;8(10):3410-3431.
    PMID: 28714500 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00595d
    Plant-derived immunomodulators and anti-cancer agents have attracted a lot of interest from natural product scientists for their efficacy and safety and their significant contribution towards understanding targeted drug action and drug delivery mechanisms. Zerumbone, the main constituent of Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes, has been investigated for its wide-spectrum role in treating multitargeted diseases. The rhizomes have been used as food flavoring agents in various cuisines and in herbal medicine. Many in vivo and in vitro studies have provided evidence of zerumbone as a potent immunomodulator as well as a potential anti-cancer agent. This review is an interesting compilation of all those significant outcomes from investigations carried out to date to explore the immunomodulatory and anticancer properties of zerumbone. The ultimate objective of this comprehensive review is to provide updated information and a critical assessment on zerumbone including its chemistry and immunomodulating and anticancer properties, which may be of paramount importance to provide a new path for ensuing research to discover new agents to treat cancers and immune-related diseases. In addition, updated information on the toxicology of zerumbone has also been summarized to provide its safety profile.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
  16. Geetha Bai R, Muthoosamy K, Shipton FN, Manickam S
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2017 May;36:129-138.
    PMID: 28069192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.11.021
    Graphene is one of the highly explored nanomaterials due to its unique and extraordinary properties. In this study, by utilizing a hydrothermal reduction method, graphene oxide (GO) was successfully converted to reduced graphene oxide (RGO) without using any toxic reducing agents. Following this, with the use of ultrasonic cavitation, profoundly stable few layer thick RGO nanodispersion was generated without employing any stabilizers or surfactants. During ultrasonication, shockwaves from the collapse of bubbles cause a higher dispersing energy to the graphene nanosheets which surpass the forces of Van der Waal's and π-π stacking and thus pave the way to form a stable aqueous nanodispersion of graphene. Ultrasonication systems with different power intensity have been employed to determine the optimum conditions for obtaining the most stable RGO dispersion. The optimised conditions of ultrasonic treatments led to the development of a very stable reduced graphene oxide (RGO) aqueous dispersion. The stability was observed for two years and was analyzed by using Zetasizer by measuring the particle size and zeta potential at regular intervals and found to have exceptional stability. The excellent stability at physiological pH promotes its utilization in nano drug delivery application as a carrier for Paclitaxel (Ptx), an anticancer drug. The in vitro cytotoxicity analysis of Ptx loaded RGO nanodispersion by MTT assay performed on the cell lines revealed the potential of the nanodispersion as a suitable drug carrier. Studies on normal lung cells, MRC-5 and nasopharyngeal cancer cells, HK-1 supported the biocompatibility of RGO-Ptx towards normal cell line. This investigation shows the potential of exceptionally stable RGO-Ptx nanodispersion in nano drug delivery applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry*
  17. Arbain NH, Salim N, Masoumi HRF, Wong TW, Basri M, Abdul Rahman MB
    Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2019 04;9(2):497-507.
    PMID: 29541999 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0509-5
    Bioavailability of quercetin, a flavonoid potentially known to combat cancer, is challenging due to hydrophobic nature. Oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion system could be used as nanocarrier for quercertin to be delivered to lung via pulmonary delivery. The novelty of this nanoformulation was introduced by using palm oil ester/ricinoleic acid as oil phase which formed spherical shape nanoemulsion as measured by transmission electron microscopy and Zetasizer analyses. High energy emulsification method and D-optimal mixture design were used to optimize the composition towards the volume median diameter. The droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of the optimized formulation were 131.4 nm, 0.257, and 51.1 mV, respectively. The formulation exhibited high drug entrapment efficiency and good stability against phase separation and storage at temperature 4 °C for 3 months. It was discovered that the system had an acceptable median mass aerodynamic diameter (3.09 ± 0.05 μm) and geometric standard deviation (1.77 ± 0.03) with high fine particle fraction (90.52 ± 0.10%), percent dispersed (83.12 ± 1.29%), and percent inhaled (81.26 ± 1.28%) for deposition in deep lung. The in vitro release study demonstrated that the sustained release pattern of quercetin from naneomulsion formulation up to 48 h of about 26.75% release and it was in adherence to Korsmeyer's Peppas mechanism. The cytotoxicity study demonstrated that the optimized nanoemulsion can potentially induce cyctotoxicity towards A549 lung cancer cells without affecting the normal cells. These results of the study suggest that nanoemulsion is a potential carrier system for pulmonary delivery of molecules with low water solubility like quercetin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
  18. Najim N, Bathich Y, Zain MM, Hamzah AS, Shaameri Z
    Molecules, 2010 Dec 17;15(12):9340-53.
    PMID: 21169884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15129340
    The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro cellular activity of novel spiroisoxazoline type compounds against normal and cancer cell lines from lung tissue (Hs888Lu), neuron-phenotypic cells (SH-SY5Y), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), human histiocytic lymphoma (U937), lung cancer (A549), and leukaemia (HL-60). Our bioassay program revealed that the spiroisoxazoline type compounds show cytotoxicity only in lymphoma cell lines, which is in contrast with the pyrrolidine precursor of these spiroisoxazoline compounds, where significant cytotoxicity is seen in all normal and cancer cell lines. These data suggest a tumour-specific mechanism of action. In addition these data also show that spiroisoxazoline compounds are non-toxic in the human neuronphenotypic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, and furthermore that they might protect cells from neurodegenerative disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry*
  19. Law JW, Law LN, Letchumanan V, Tan LT, Wong SH, Chan KG, et al.
    Molecules, 2020 Nov 17;25(22).
    PMID: 33212836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225365
    Worldwide cancer incidence and mortality have always been a concern to the community. The cancer mortality rate has generally declined over the years; however, there is still an increased mortality rate in poorer countries that receives considerable attention from healthcare professionals. This suggested the importance of the prompt detection, effective treatment, and prevention strategies. The genus Streptomyces has been documented as a prolific producer of biologically active secondary metabolites. Streptomycetes from mangrove environments attract researchers' attention due to their ability to synthesize diverse, interesting bioactive metabolites. The present review highlights research on mangrove-derived streptomycetes and the production of anticancer-related compounds from these microorganisms. Research studies conducted between 2008 and 2019, specifically mentioning the isolation of streptomycetes from mangrove areas and described the successful purification of compound(s) or generation of crude extracts with cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines, were compiled in this review. It is anticipated that there will be an increase in prospects for mangrove-derived streptomycetes as one of the natural resources for the isolation of chemotherapeutic agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
  20. Chelliah SS, Paul EAL, Kamarudin MNA, Parhar I
    Molecules, 2021 Feb 22;26(4).
    PMID: 33671796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041169
    Despite their low incidence rate globally, high-grade gliomas (HGG) remain a fatal primary brain tumor. The recommended therapy often is incapable of resecting the tumor entirely and exclusively targeting the tumor leads to tumor recurrence and dismal prognosis. Additionally, many HGG patients are not well suited for standard therapy and instead, subjected to a palliative approach. HGG tumors are highly infiltrative and the complex tumor microenvironment as well as high tumor heterogeneity often poses the main challenges towards the standard treatment. Therefore, a one-fit-approach may not be suitable for HGG management. Thus, a multimodal approach of standard therapy with immunotherapy, nanomedicine, repurposing of older drugs, use of phytochemicals, and precision medicine may be more advantageous than a single treatment model. This multimodal approach considers the environmental and genetic factors which could affect the patient's response to therapy, thus improving their outcome. This review discusses the current views and advances in potential HGG therapeutic approaches and, aims to bridge the existing knowledge gap that will assist in overcoming challenges in HGG.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
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