Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 2370 in total

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  1. Fujiwara T, Hoshide S, Tomitani N, Cheng HM, Soenarta AA, Turana Y, et al.
    J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2021 03;23(3):457-466.
    PMID: 33591641 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14218
    Nocturnal home blood pressure (BP) monitoring has been used in clinical practice for ~20 years. The authors recently showed that nocturnal systolic BP (SBP) measured by a home BP monitoring (HBPM) device in a Japanese general practice population was a significant predictor of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, independent of office and morning home SBP levels, and that masked nocturnal hypertension obtained by HBPM (defined as nocturnal home BP ≥ 120/70 mmHg and average morning and evening BP 
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology
  2. Pawankar R, Thong BY, Tiongco-Recto M, Wang JY, Abdul Latiff AH, Thien F, et al.
    Allergy, 2021 09;76(9):2998-2901.
    PMID: 33948966 DOI: 10.1111/all.14894
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology
  3. Kamarulzaman Bin Ibrahim, Abdul Aziz Jermain
    Dengue is one of the main factors of mortality of inhabitants in the region of South East Asia. Malaysia is one of the countries which is facing a high incidence of dengue, particularly in the 70's and early 80's. The Ministry of Health has taken various measures in order to reduce the dengue epidemic. These include educating people about dengue and conducting research such as investigation of factors that influence the epidemic of dengue. In this study, a sequential Bayesian approach is applied to data of the proportion of death due to dengue over the period from 1982 to 1992. In the sequential Bayesian approach, the data for the year 1982 becomes the prior information for the 1983 data and so on. The data for the different periods are combined in a chronological manner until the final posterior distribution of the proportion of death due to dengue is obtained. It is found that the overall proportion is 0.59% and its standard deviation is 0.00002%.
    Denggi adalah satu daripada faktor utama kematian bagi penduduk di rantau Asia Tenggara. Malaysia pula merupakan satu daripada negara yang sedang mengalami kadar insiden denggi yang tinggi, khususnya dalam tahun 70-an dan pada awal 80-an. Kementerian Kesihatan telah mengambil pelbagai langkah untuk mengurangkan wabak denggi. Ini termasuk memberikan pendidikan tentang denggi dan membuat kajian tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Dalam kajian ini kaedah Bayesan jujukan digunakan terhadap data perkadaran yang mati akibat denggi dalam tempoh 1982 hingga 1992. Dalam kaedah ini, data tahun 1982 digunakan sebagai maklumat prior untuk data tahun 1983 dan seterusnya. Data dari tahun yang berlainan digabungkan secara kronologi sehingga diperoleh taburan posterior yang terakhir bagi perkadaran yang mati akibat denggi. Didapati bahawa perkadaran keseluruhan ialah 0.59% dan sisihan piawainya 0.00002%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia; Asia, Southeastern
  4. Kazim AR, Houssaini J, Ehlers J, Tappe D, Heo CC
    Acta Trop, 2021 Nov;223:106085.
    PMID: 34389326 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106085
    Soft ticks (Acari: Argasidae) are the second major family of the blood feeding metastriates and vectors of a number of viral and bacterial pathogens for both humans and animals. Despite the growing effort on tick surveillance and studies worldwide, there is still limited information on the soft tick distribution in the island nations of Southeast Asia, especially species that are medically and veterinarily important. With the aim to provide an overview of the current status of knowledge on soft tick distribution in the island nations of Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia, the Philippines and Timor-Leste), this article reviews the species of soft ticks (Acari: Argasidae) and their associated hosts and pathogens, with the addition of a pictorial summary and list of tick species discovered in this region. The most prevalent soft tick genus is Carios, and the host species most associated with findings of soft ticks in this region are bats, particularly of the Pteropodidae and Vespertilionidae families. Furthermore, the only known pathogen originating from soft ticks in the island nations of Southeast Asia was the Keterah virus, which was isolated from Argas pusillus tick in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology
  5. Rampal S, Rampal L, Jayaraj VJ, Pramanick A, Choolani M, Liew BS, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2021 11;76(6):783-791.
    PMID: 34806661
    INTRODUCTION: Periodic benchmarking of the epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries is critical for the continuous understanding of the transmission and control of COVID-19 in the region. The incidence, mortality, testing and vaccination rates within the ASEAN region from 1 January 2020 to 15 October 2021 is analysed in this paper.

    METHODS: COVID-19 data on cases, deaths, testing, and vaccinations were extracted from the Our World in Data (OWID) COVID-19 data repository for all the ten ASEAN countries. Comparative time-trends of the epidemiology of COVID-19 using the incidence rate, cumulative case fatality rate (CFR), delay-adjusted case fatality rate, cumulative mortality rate (MR), test positivity rate (TPR), cumulative testing rate (TR) and vaccination rate was carried out.

    RESULTS: Over the study period, a total of 12,720,661 cases and 271,475 deaths was reported within the ASEAN region. Trends of daily per capita cases were observed to peak between July and September 2021 for the ASEAN region. The cumulative case fatality rate (CFR) in Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam, was of 0.9% (N=68), 2.2% (N=2,610), 3.5% (N=142,889), 0.1% (N=36), 1.2% (N=27,700), 4.0% (N=18,297), 1.6% (N=40,424), 0.1% (N=215), 1.7% (N=18,123), and 2.6% (N=21,043), respectively. CFR was consistently highest between January-June 2020. The cumulative mortality rate (MR) was 9.5, 13.7, 51.4, 0.2, 80.3, 32.4, 34.5, 1.6, 23.9 and 19.7 per 100,000 population, respectively. The cumulative test positivity rate (TPR) was 8.4%, 16.9%, 4.6%, 7.5%, 11.1%, 12.9%, 0.5%, 11.7%, and 3.6%, with the cumulative testing rate (TR) at 25.0, 90.1, 27.4, 917.7, 75.8, 177.8, 3303.3, 195.2, and 224.9 tests per 1,000 population in Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam, respectively. The percentage of population that completed vaccinations (VR) was 44.5%, 65.3%, 18.5%, 28.2%, 61.8%, 6.8%, 19.2%, 76.8%, 22.7%, and 10% in Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: In 2020, most countries in ASEAN had higher case fatality rates but lower mortalities per population when compared to the third quarter of 2021 where higher mortalities per population were observed. Low testing rates have been one of the factors leading to high test positivity rates. Slow initiation of vaccination programs was found to be the key factor leading to high incidence and case fatality rate in most countries in ASEAN. Effective public health measures were able to interrupt the transmission of this novel virus to some extent. Increasing preparedness capacity within the ASEAN region is critical to ensure that any future similar outbreaks can be dealt with collectively.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology
  6. Tan KS, Kwon SU, Jung KH, Rha JH, Yoon BW, Venketasubramanian N
    Cerebrovasc Dis, 2020;49 Suppl 1:III-IV.
    PMID: 33264787 DOI: 10.1159/000513104
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology
  7. Ji X, He G, Wang K, Zhang Y, Yin J, Wang K
    J Public Health (Oxf), 2023 Mar 14;45(1):40-46.
    PMID: 35137200 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab410
    BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori causes large burden of gastric cancer (GC) in Asia. We aimed to comprehensively quantify the burden of GC attributable to H. pylori infection in Asia.

    METHODS: We searched related articles from January 1998 to December 2020 to obtain the prevalence and relative risks (or odds ratio) of GC associated with H. pylori in Asia. The burden of GC attributable to H. pylori infection was quantified by Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) and Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).

    RESULTS: We quantified the burden of GC attributable to H. pylori infection with 415.6 thousand DALYs and 38.03% PAF through the five included Asian countries in 2019. The study found that the burden had obvious regional differences. The DALYs ranged from 298.9 thousand in China to 1.9 thousand in Malaysia, and the PAFs were between 58.00% in Japan and 30.89% in China. The average prevalence of H. pylori in the included general population was estimated to be 56.29%.

    CONCLUSIONS: Helicobacter pylori poses a huge disease burden of GC to the population, and its eradication should receive attention, especially in the countries with high incidence of and mortality due to GC.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology
  8. Turana Y, Tengkawan J, Chia YC, Nathaniel M, Wang JG, Sukonthasarn A, et al.
    J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2021 Mar;23(3):513-521.
    PMID: 33190399 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14099
    Stroke is the primary cause of disability and vascular death worldwide, including Asia. Asian characteristics that differ from the West lead to higher stroke incidence. Stroke epidemiology studies in Asia have shown varying levels of mortality, incidence, prevalence, and burden of disease. Hypertension is the most prevalent risk factor found in Asia. Besides ethnicity that is associated with stroke incidence, both systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and blood pressure variability are positively correlated with stroke incidence. Post-stroke cognitive impairment is one of the sequelae that affect one-third of stroke survivors and has become a significant public health concern that is often neglected despite its increasing prevalence. Therefore, it is very important to prevent recurrence by treating stroke optimally and effectively. Increasing awareness and treatment adherence to hypertension, the leading risk factor for stroke, became the main goal in several countries in Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology
  9. Buie MJ, Quan J, Windsor JW, Coward S, Hansen TM, King JA, et al.
    Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2023 Aug;21(9):2211-2221.
    PMID: 35863682 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.06.030
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The evolving epidemiologic patterns of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) throughout the world, in conjunction with advances in therapeutic treatments, may influence hospitalization rates of IBD. We performed a systematic review with temporal analysis of hospitalization rates for IBD across the world in the 21st century.

    METHODS: We systematically reviewed Medline and Embase for population-based studies reporting hospitalization rates for IBD, Crohn's disease (CD), or ulcerative colitis (UC) in the 21st century. Log-linear models were used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) with associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Random-effects meta-analysis pooled country-level AAPCs. Data were stratified by the epidemiologic stage of a region: compounding prevalence (stage 3) in North America, Western Europe, and Oceania vs acceleration of incidence (stage 2) in Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America vs emergence (stage 1) in developing countries.

    RESULTS: Hospitalization rates for a primary diagnosis of IBD were stable in countries in stage 3 (AAPC, -0.13%; 95% CI, -0.72 to 0.97), CD (AAPC, 0.20%; 95% CI, -1.78 to 2.17), and UC (AAPC, 0.02%; 95% CI, -0.91 to 0.94). In contrast, hospitalization rates for a primary diagnosis were increasing in countries in stage 2 for IBD (AAPC, 4.44%; 95% CI, 2.75 to 6.14), CD (AAPC, 8.34%; 95% CI, 4.38 to 12.29), and UC (AAPC, 3.90; 95% CI, 1.29 to 6.52). No population-based studies were available for developing regions in stage 1 (emergence).

    CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization rates for IBD are stabilizing in countries in stage 3, whereas newly industrialized countries in stage 2 have rapidly increasing hospitalization rates, contributing to an increasing burden on global health care systems.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology
  10. Inoue K, Chieh JTW, Yeh LC, Chiang SJ, Phrommintikul A, Suwanasom P, et al.
    Trials, 2022 Dec 07;23(1):986.
    PMID: 36476401 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06907-4
    BACKGROUND: More than half of the world's population lives in Asia. With current life expectancies in Asian countries, the burden of cardiovascular disease is increasing exponentially. Overcrowding in the emergency departments (ED) has become a public health problem. Since 2015, the European Society of Cardiology recommends the use of a 0/1-h algorithm based on high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) for rapid triage of patients with suspected non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). However, these algorithms are currently not recommended by Asian guidelines due to the lack of suitable data.

    METHODS: The DROP-Asian ACS is a prospective, stepped wedge, cluster-randomized trial enrolling 4260 participants presenting with chest pain to the ED of 12 acute care hospitals in five Asian countries (UMIN; 000042461). Consecutive patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome between July 2022 and Apr 2024 were included. Initially, all clusters will apply "usual care" according to local standard operating procedures including hs-cTnT but not the 0/1-h algorithm. The primary outcome is the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or unplanned revascularization within 30 days. The difference in MACE (with one-sided 95% CI) was estimated to evaluate non-inferiority. The non-inferiority margin was prespecified at 1.5%. Secondary efficacy outcomes include costs for healthcare resources and duration of stay in ED.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important evidence concerning the safety and efficacy of the 0/1-h algorithm in Asian countries and may help to reduce congestion of the ED as well as medical costs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology
  11. Chew STH, Nguyen HTT, Joshi S, Kamaruzzaman SB, Landi F, Manuel MV, et al.
    Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 2024 Feb;117:105275.
    PMID: 37988852 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105275
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology
  12. Yoon BW, Toyoda K, Tan KS, Fong WC, Suwanwela NC, Venketasubramanian N
    Stroke, 2024 Jan;55(1):e8-e9.
    PMID: 37982241 DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.044175
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology
  13. Rajaiah P, Kumar A
    Indian J Med Res, 2022;156(4&5):588-597.
    PMID: 36926775 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2606_19
    Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in Southeast Asia. It is a serious public health issue in India, and cases have been emerging in newer areas of the country. Although vaccination efforts have already been initiated in the country since 2006 and later through the Universal Immunization Programme in 2011, still a significant reduction in the number of cases has to be achieved since an escalating trend of JE incidence has been reported in certain States such as Assam, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Moreover, fresh cases of JE have been reported from certain pockets in Odisha as well. Despite the mass JE vaccination programme implemented in prioritized endemic zones in the country in 2011, a shift in the age group of JE virus (JEV) infection was noticed affecting the adult population in West Bengal. The recent detection of the circulation of genotype I (GI) in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh and the co-circulation of GI and genotype III (GIII) in West Bengal are probably a warning signal for the public health personnel to strengthen the surveillance system in all endemic hotspots in the country. The abrupt emergence of JEV genotype V (GV) in China and Korea in 2009, after its first detection in Malaya in 1952, endemic countries have been cautioned to strengthen their surveillance, because GV has been suspected of getting dispersed efficiently in other parts of Asia. Moreover, the reduced protection efficiency of the JEV GIII-based vaccine against the JEV genotype V further warrants careful evaluation of the ongoing vaccination strategies in the endemic countries, anticipating the possible incursion of GV and its impact on future control strategies. In view of the above facts, the present communication reviews the current knowledge on the molecular epidemiology of JEV in India vis-a-vis the global scenario and discusses the future priorities in JEV research in India for effectively designing control strategies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology
  14. Ahmad Shah Pakeer Mohamed, Nazariah Osman, Mohamad Faisol Keling
    MyJurnal
    Kerajaan Malaysia telah memberikan penumpuan terhadap aspek keselamatan dan pembangunan
    pertahanan sejak dari kemerdekaan negara lagi. Pada ketika ini, ancaman yang dihadapi oleh negara
    adalah melibatkan dua bentuk ancaman iaitu ancaman dari dalam negara dan ancaman dari luar negara.
    Kebanyakkan negara khususnya di rantau Asia Tenggara telah mencapai kemerdekaan di antara tahun
    1950-an dan 1960-an. Sebagai sebuah negara yang juga boleh dikategorikan juga baru mencapai
    kemerdekaan, negara-negara di rantau Asia Tenggara ini tidak lari dari menghadapi pelbagai ancaman
    yakni ancaman dari sudut dalaman negara seperti ancaman pemberontakan komunis semasa insurgensi,
    konflik etnik, ketidakstabilan politik, rusuhan kaum, masalah perpaduan dan sebagainya telah menjadi
    faktor yang juga telah mempengaruhi perbentukan Dasar Pertahanan Negara (DPN). Manakala
    ancaman dari sudut luar seperti persempadan, persaingan kuasa besar antara Amerika Syarikat dan
    Kesatuan Soviet semasa perang dingin yang juga menyebabkan berlakunya ketidakstabilan politik,
    konflik dan peperangan di rantau Asia Tenggara, persaingan ideologi, ketegangan hubungan dan
    konflik hubungan antara negara, ancaman terrorisme dan pemberontakan serta sebagainya telah
    mempengaruhi dan memaksa negara Malaysia untuk membangun serta memodenkan sistem pertahanan
    negara.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia
  15. Wei GW, Soares TA, Wahab H, Wang R
    J Chem Inf Model, 2021 02 22;61(2):547.
    PMID: 33529020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00081
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia
  16. Winterton SL, Wang Y
    Zookeys, 2016.
    PMID: 27667953 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.617.10165
    The charismatic lance lacewing genus Gryposmylus Krüger, 1913 (Osmylidae: Protosmylinae) from South East Asia is revised with a new species (Gryposmylus pennyi sp. n.) described from Malaysia. The genus is diagnosed and both species in the genus redescribed and figured. An extraordinary example of morphological convergence is presented, with disruptive camouflaging wing markings in Gryposmylus pennyi sp. n. being remarkably similar to the South American green lacewing Vieira leschenaulti Navás (Chrysopidae).
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  17. Gould IM, Wang GQ, Wu JJ, Lim VK, Hutchinson J, Walsh T, et al.
    J Glob Antimicrob Resist, 2014 Mar;2(1):7-9.
    PMID: 27873642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2013.10.005
    The International Society of Chemotherapy's Working Groups on Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic Stewardship convened a half-day workshop on the burden of multidrug-resistant organisms in the Asia-Pacific. This short review is a summary of their discussion and conclusions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia
  18. Harris N P
    Malays Fam Physician, 2009;4(1):6-7.
    Note by TCL: The Rajakumar Movement is the Wonca Asia Pacific Region Working Party for Young and Future Family Doctors. It was named in honour of Dr M K Rajakumar.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia
  19. Polunin I, Sneah PHA
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  20. Siti Aminah Bahari, Mardina Abdullah, Baharudin Yatim
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1987-1995.
    Ionosfera merupakan satu lapisan atmosfera bumi yang mengandungi elektron bebas dan boleh memberi kesan ralat
    kepada perambatan gelombang elektromagnetik terutama kepada sistem kedudukan global (GPS). Kesan jumlah
    kandungan elektron (TEC) dan fenomena melibatkan sistem suria-magnetosfera-ionosfera-termosfera kepada isyarat
    satelit dan komunikasi radio sentiasa berubah. Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada perubahan TEC ketika aktiviti suria
    di tahap minimum. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji variasi TEC di rantau Malaysia terhadap masa
    harian, perubahan musim, aktiviti suria dan medan magnet bumi. Isyarat GPS yang disebarkan pada dua frekuensi
    jalur L1 dan L2 mengandungi data kod dan fasa membolehkan pengiraan TEC diperoleh menggunakan GPS. Data GPS
    pada tahun 2007 yang diperoleh daripada Jabatan Ukur dan Pemetaan Malaysia (JUPEM), digunakan dalam kajian ini.
    Hasil kajian di Asia Tenggara menunjukkan ketika musim ekuinoks, nilai purata TEC dicatatkan tinggi iaitu 35 TEC unit
    (TECU) berbanding dengan nilai purata TEC pada soltis yang mencatatkan bacaan 25 TECU. Aktiviti suria didapati lebih
    memberi kesan kepada perubahan TEC berbanding dengan medan magnet bumi dengan faktor kolerasi antara aktiviti
    suria adalah lebih tinggi iaitu 0.64 berbanding dengan medan magnet bumi iaitu 0.34 sahaja. Kajian ini tertumpu ketika
    aktiviti suria di tahap minimum dengan keadaan medan magnet bumi secara puratanya adalah senyap. Ini seterusnya
    membolehkan hasil kajian ini menjadi asas kepada maklumat mengenai ionosfera di Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia
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