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Human behavioural research applied to the leprosy control programme of Sarawak, Malaysia

Chen PC

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1986 Sep;17(3):421-6.
PMID: 3563609

In 1984, in Sarawak, there were a total of 1,099 recorded cases of leprosy for a population of 1.3 million. However, for each case recorded, it is estimated that two others remain undiagnosed as a consequence of the stigmatization associated with leprosy. For the five year period, 1979-1983, an average of 29 new cases were detected each year of which 8.6 (30%) were deformed due to the late stages at which it was being reported. To increase the case-finding rate, human behavioural research was applied to the leprosy control programme so as to develop culture-specific health education packages aimed at self diagnosis and self referral in order to detect the large pool of undiagnosed cases hidden behind the veil of aversion, fear and ignorance. This was achieved through anthropological studies to identify how the various major ethnic groups perceived leprosy and their attitudes towards leprosy. Taking into account these findings, health education packages aimed at adults as well as children were developed for the Chinese as well as the non-Chinese, and consisted of newspaper articles, cartoon tape-slides, cartoon story books and posters.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude to Health*
Fulltext Attitudes Toward Patient Safety among Medical Students in Malaysia

Nadarajan SP, Karuthan SR, Rajasingam J, Chinna K

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 10 22;17(21).
PMID: 33105745 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217721

The biggest challenge in moving toward a safer healthcare system is patient safety culture-that is, the prevention of harm to patients. Safe medical practices can prevent doing harm to the patients. For this, healthcare professionals must have good attitudes toward patient safety. Medical education plays an important role in promoting patient safety and patient safety attitudes. A study was conducted among medical students in Malaysia to assess their perceptions toward patient safety, using the 26-items Attitudes Toward Patient Safety Questionnaire (APSQ-III). In the analysis, the average percentage of positive responses (APPR) were computed for each domain, and APPR values of ≥75 were used as an indicator of positive perception. Out of the nine domains of APSQ, the students' attitude was positive in six-Safety Training (85.2%), Error Reporting (76.3%), Working Hours (89.5%), Error Inevitability (86.1%), Team Functioning (94.6%), and Patient Involvement (80.1%). The desired level of positive attitude was not met in Disclosure Responsibility (68.5%), Professional Incompetence (70.0%), and Safety Curriculum (71.1%). APRR for disclosure responsibility was high among the first-year students, but, generally, the effect wore off over the years of study. The results support the need to enhance perception on Disclosure Responsibility, Professional Incompetence, and Safety Curriculum among the medical students in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Fulltext Electronic Medical Records in Greece and Oman: A Professional's Evaluation of Structure and Value

Koutzampasopoulou Xanthidou O, Shuib L, Xanthidis D, Nicholas D

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2018 06 01;15(6).
PMID: 29857585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061137

An Electronic Medical Record (EMR) is a patient's database record that can be transmitted securely. There are a diversity of EMR systems for different medical units to choose from. The structure and value of these systems is the focus of this qualitative study, from a medical professional's standpoint, as well as its economic value and whether it should be shared between health organizations. The study took place in the natural setting of the medical units' environments. A purposive sample of 40 professionals in Greece and Oman, was interviewed. The study suggests that: (1) The demographics of the EMR should be divided in categories, not all of them accessible and/or visible by all; (2) The EMR system should follow an open architecture so that more categories and subcategories can be added as needed and following a possible business plan (ERD is suggested); (3) The EMR should be implemented gradually bearing in mind both medical and financial concerns; (4) Sharing should be a patient's decision as the owner of the record. Reaching a certain level of maturity of its implementation and utilization, it is useful to seek the professionals' assessment on the structure and value of such a system.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude to Computers*
Attitudes toward epilepsy in Indonesia

Suryani G, Jehosua SY, Herlyani K, Zhi-Jien C, Kheng-Seang L

Epilepsy Behav, 2021 10;123:108244.
PMID: 34461382 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108244

BACKGROUND: Indonesia is the largest island country in the world with diverse ethnicity and cultural backgrounds. This study aimed to understand the variation in attitudes toward epilepsy among the Javanese, Sundanese, and the Minahasa ethnic groups in Indonesia.
METHOD: This study recruited Sundanese from Tasikmalaya and Minahasan from Manado using the Indonesian Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale. The results were compared to the Javanese and Malaysian data in previous studies.
RESULT: A total of 200 respondents, 100 from each ethnic group were recruited, with a mean age of 38.51 years. They were predominantly females (54%) and had secondary education level or lower (56.67%). The Javanese had a higher total mean score, indicating poorer attitudes toward epilepsy, as compared to the Minahasan and Sundanese groups. These differences were noted in the personal domain, but not the general domain. There were no significant differences in the mean scores in both personal and general domains between the Minahasan, Sundanese, and Malaysian populations. Subanalysis on the aspects of life showed that the Javanese had a significantly higher score in the aspects of education, marital relationship, and employment.
CONCLUSION: The attitudes toward epilepsy were similar between the Indonesian (Sundanese and the Minahasan) and Malaysian, except the Javanese with poorer attitude. These differences could be socioeconomically or culturally related.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude*; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
A Cross-Cultural Evaluation of the Construct Validity of Templer's Death Anxiety Scale: A Systematic Review

Sharif Nia H, Lehto RH, Pahlevan Sharif S, Mashrouteh M, Goudarzian AH, Rahmatpour P, et al.

Omega (Westport), 2021 Sep;83(4):760-776.
PMID: 31366310 DOI: 10.1177/0030222819865407

Ensuring use of valid and reliable scales for evaluating death anxiety that are relevant to the cultural context where they are applied is essential. The purpose of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the psychometric properties of Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) across cultures. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, SID, and Magiran databases were systematically searched for studies published between 1970 and 2017 using Mesh terms. Two independent researchers used Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies and Checklist of Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy to evaluate study quality. Included studies were conducted in Iran, United States, Italy, China, Egypt, Spain, and Australia. Overall study quality was acceptable in 15 evaluated articles. However, findings demonstrated that two (one study), three (seven studies), four (four studies), and five factors (three studies) were extracted across the respective studies. Confirmatory concurrent validity was assessed in two studies. While Templer's DAS has stood the test of time as a commonly used index of capturing the conscious experience of death anxiety, there are psychometric inconsistencies in identified factor solutions across cultures. Findings emphasize the need for continued evaluation of how the DAS is translated in specific countries with assessment in relation to other death construct tools.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude to Death*
Could the academic advisor, intrinsic motivation, and time management influence students' attitudes towards research work on campus?

Miraj M, Chuntian L, Rehman RU, Osei-Bonsu R, Mohd Said R, Ali R, et al.

Work, 2022;73(4):1365-1378.
PMID: 36093656 DOI: 10.3233/WOR-205237

BACKGROUND: Research is essential and necessary for those who love learning, whether they belong to a research institution or not. Numerous elements influence researchers' attitudes towards good research work, but in this study we focus on the most significant ones: advisor support, intrinsic motivation, timing, and planning.
OBJECTIVES: The current study aims at motivating readers to help improve students' attitudes towards research work within the university context.
METHOD: The target demographic of the current research comprises masters and doctoral students from three major public institutions in Xi'an, China. We aimed to examine the effects of the variables and the study employed correlation and stepwise regression.
RESULTS: The results show that advisor support influences attitudes towards research positively and significantly (β= 0.20, p

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude; Attitude of Health Personnel
The knowledge, awareness, attitude and motivational analysis of plastic waste and household perspective in Malaysia

Afroz R, Rahman A, Masud MM, Akhtar R

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2017 Jan;24(3):2304-2315.
PMID: 27812970 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7942-0

The focus of this study is to analyze the level of knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward plastic waste and to distinguish the key drivers that encourage the households in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, to participate in "No plastic campaign," This study used the logistic regression model to explain the factors that may affect the willingness to participate (WTP) of households in the campaign. In this study, it is found that 35 % of households are willing to participate in the campaign. The results of the study also indicate that people who are more informed and more convinced of their knowledge have a more positive attitude toward recycling than their counterparts do. Furthermore, this study provides additional evidence of the level and classification of importance of motivating factors for plastic recycling, using the modified average and coefficient of variation of the models. From the analysis, the factor "helps reduce landfill use" is found as the most important factor and the factor of "raising money for charity" is found as the least important factor that motivates households to participate in recycling. The determinations of the study suggest some strategies that could hold implications for government and households to boost them to participate in the campaign "No Plastic Bag."

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude*
Understanding consumer participation in managing ICT waste: Findings from two-staged Structural Equation Modeling-Artificial Neural Network approach

Najmi A, Kanapathy K, Aziz AA

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 Mar;28(12):14782-14796.
PMID: 33219501 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11675-2

For environmental management, the role of consumers is extremely important in the settings of reverse logistics. Though it is a manufacturer's extended responsibility to handle the waste however by becoming the supplier of the end of life products, consumers' participation needed to be encouraged and hence require proper attention. For the said purpose, the present study is conducted whereby crucial determinants of consumer reversing behavior were identified and analyzed by the help of a unique two-staged methodology of partial least square-structural equation modeling and artificial neural network. The data comprised of 746 collected by the survey from ICT users whereby the findings reported to have significant relationships of return intention and reversing behavior with their determinants. Moreover, the aforementioned unique methodology helps in generating more robust results as findings from ANN reported to have moral norm as most important variable which according to PLS-SEM was second most significant construct, whereas attitude was found to be second most important as per ANN which according to PLS-SEM is the most significant construct. Nevertheless, the study offers insights which contributes in the literature of environmental management, reverse logistics, and consumer behavior. Lastly, based on the findings, the managerial implications and recommendations are accordingly discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude*
Dementia detection practice among primary care practitioners: A cross-sectional study in Hulu Langat District, Selangor

Aziz N, Aznida FAA, Ali MF, Aris JH

Med J Malaysia, 2023 Mar;78(2):225-233.
PMID: 36988535

INTRODUCTION: Dementia is a global challenge for healthcare systems, including Malaysia. Despite evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for dementia management in primary care, detection is poor. Improving detection rates requires understanding current practice and influencing factors. This study aims to assess the practice of cognitive evaluation among primary care practitioners (PCPs) and its associated factors, as well as its correlation with their knowledge and attitudes towards early dementia diagnosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted online, using Google FormTM recruited 207 Medical Officers from 14 public primary health centres, with a response rate of 74%. The Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire for Family Physicians (KAPQFP) was used to assess PCPs' knowledge, attitude and practice in dementia care. Items in each domain were scored on a 4-point Likert scale, with scores ranging from 1 to 4. Each domain's mean score was divided by 4 and converted to a scale of 100, with higher scores indicating better knowledge, attitude and practice. Bivariate analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with cognitive evaluation practice.
RESULTS: The overall mean practice score was 3.53±0.52 (88.3%), which is substantially higher than the mean score for perceived competency and knowledge of 2.46±0.51 (61.5%). The mean score for attitude towards dementia and collaboration with nurses and other healthcare professionals was 3.36±0.49 (84.0%) and 3.43±0.71 (85.8%), respectively. PCPs with prior dementia training showed better practice (p=0.006), as did PCPs with longer primary care work experience (p=0.038). A significant positive association was found between knowledge-practice ((rs=0.207, p=0.003), attitude towards dementia practice ((rs=0.478, p<0.001), and attitude towards collaboration with other healthcare professionals-practice (rs= 0.427, p<0.001). Limited time and inadequate knowledge regarding dementia diagnosis and cognitive evaluation tools were among the reasons cognitive evaluations were not performed.
CONCLUSION: PCPs demonstrated better practice of cognitive evaluation, as compared to their knowledge and attitude. Given that their perceived competency and knowledge on dementia diagnosis is low and is positively associated with their practice, it is crucial to implement a comprehensive dementia training to enhance their knowledge and confidence on early detection of cognitive decline and cognitive evaluation in order to achieve better dementia detection in primary care.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Perceptions of deployment of Australian Army reservists by their employers

Orme GJ, Kehoe J

Mil Med, 2012 Aug;177(8):894-900.
PMID: 22934366

The views and concerns of the employers of reservists sent on overseas deployments are largely unknown. A survey was conducted of 126 Australian employers who participated in Exercise Boss Lift sponsored by the Australian Defence Force, which involved a visit to their employees deployed on overseas service in the Solomon Islands and Malaysia during the period 2006-2010. Employers reported a substantial number of positive aspects of reservist deployment for both their enterprise and the individual reservist employee, including an increase in leadership, teamwork, skills, maturity, and confidence. There were 40% fewer reported negatives, which primarily concerned the costs associated with the absence of an important employee. The employers expressed needs for greater information regarding dates of absence of their reservist employee and assistance from the ADF to enable them to enhance the overall deployment. Importantly, employers sought confirmation of ways to effectively manage the transition of their reservist from military service back to their civilian roles. Some employers offered to act as advocates.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude*
Fulltext A Cross-Sectional Survey of Healthcare Workers on the Knowledge and Attitudes towards Polio Vaccination in Pakistan

Khan MU, Ahmad A, Aqeel T, Akbar N, Salman S, Idress J

PLoS One, 2015;10(11):e0142485.
PMID: 26559184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142485

Pakistan accounts for 85.2% of the total polio cases reported worldwide. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are an integral part of immunization campaigns and source of education for the general public. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards polio vaccination among HCWs providing immunisation and education to general public in Quetta and Peshawar divisions of Pakistan.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude
Fulltext The disabled person

Merican M

Med J Malaysia, 1981 Dec;36(4):196-8.
PMID: 6460920
Matched MeSH terms: Attitude to Health
Fulltext A qualitative study on the effect of gam e board strategy on the stud ent's motivation of learning statistics course

Nurul Aityqah Yaacob, Rosemawati Ali, Foo, Kien Kheng, Nadiah Mohamed, Mardiana Ahmad, Siti Noor Dina Ahmad, et al.

Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2019;7(101):142-145.
MyJurnal

An interactive teaching tool that utilizes a game board strategy to facilitate the learning of statistics has been developed and employed. This study aims to determine the impact of the board game on the motivation of diploma students towards learning statistics. Data are collected from 7 respondents using a face to face interview. Responses are qualitatively analysed. Results show that respondents are generally positive about the effectiveness of the board game as a teaching tool to enhance le arning and understanding. More importantly, respondents have shown a change in attitude towards statistics and are more motivated to learn statistics under this innovative learning environment. Some suggestions for future research are outlined.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude
Fulltext Latent based temporal optimization approach for improving the performance of collaborative filtering

Al-Hadi IAA, Sharef NM, Sulaiman MN, Mustapha N, Nilashi M

PeerJ Comput Sci, 2020;6:e331.
PMID: 33816980 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.331

Recommendation systems suggest peculiar products to customers based on their past ratings, preferences, and interests. These systems typically utilize collaborative filtering (CF) to analyze customers' ratings for products within the rating matrix. CF suffers from the sparsity problem because a large number of rating grades are not accurately determined. Various prediction approaches have been used to solve this problem by learning its latent and temporal factors. A few other challenges such as latent feedback learning, customers' drifting interests, overfitting, and the popularity decay of products over time have also been addressed. Existing works have typically deployed either short or long temporal representation for addressing the recommendation system issues. Although each effort improves on the accuracy of its respective benchmark, an integrative solution that could address all the problems without trading off its accuracy is needed. Thus, this paper presents a Latent-based Temporal Optimization (LTO) approach to improve the prediction accuracy of CF by learning the past attitudes of users and their interests over time. Experimental results show that the LTO approach efficiently improves the prediction accuracy of CF compared to the benchmark schemes.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude
Attitude and perception of patients and public towards services of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Kamaruzaman WS, Siti Minah D, Che Rahim A

Family Physician, 1993;5:22-25.

A study was done in 1987 to find out the attitudes and perceptions of patients toward treatment in the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). A similar study was repeated five years later covering both patients and relatives of patients. In 1987, 17% of patients were not satisfied with the treatment mainly because of poor patient-staff relationship. In 1991, 5% of the patients were dissatisfied. The reasons attributed for their dissatisfaction were rudeness of staff, the presence of medical students and attitude of the patients and public of the nurses. There was a positive change of attitude of the aptients and public towards the hospital services after five years. Factors that lead to this improvement like education and better public relations is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude
Fulltext Using historical sources as history teaching and learning materials: are students ready to explore?

Kaviza, M.

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(5):41-47.
MyJurnal

The purpose of this study is to examine the level of readiness amongstudents in terms of knowledge,
skills and attitudes in using historical resources as history teaching and learning materials in secondary
schools. The design of this study is a quantitative research that uses survey method involving a total of
521 form four students from secondary schools using simple random sampling technique. The
questionnaire are used in this study which has been verified by the content expert dan has a good
realiability value. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as MONOVA
and Correlation Pearson using "IBM SPSS Statistics”version 24.The findings of this study indicate that
the level of readiness amongsecondary history students in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes in
using historical resources as teaching and learning materials are at moderate level. Beside that, school
location influences the level of readiness and there a relationship between levels of readiness with
school location among students.Implication of this study can help history teachers know the level of their student knowledge, skills and attitudes toward using historical sources before carrying out in their
lessons.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude
Dataset on the influence TPB predictors on environmental responsive behaviour amongst head teachers in the northern region of malaysia

Uthamaputhran L, Ahmad F, Hassan H, Jaganathan M

Data Brief, 2021 Apr;35:106815.
PMID: 33604431 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106815

The study examined the relationship between environmental attitude, environmental subjective norm, environmental perceived behavioural control, and school headteachers' environmental responsive behaviour. The population of the study consists of primary school headteachers in the northern region of Malaysia who are attached to the Ministry of Education (MoE), Malaysia. An online survey was used to collect the data of the study from 167 sampled respondents. While Theory of planned behaviour underpinned the study, the researcher employed explanatory, descriptive, and hypothesis testing quantitative strategies to explain the relationship. Smart PLS 3.0 and SPSS 21 were equally used to analyse the data. The result of the data analysis revealed that environmental attitude, environmental subjective norm, and environmental perceived behavioural control significantly influence school headteachers' environmental responsive behaviour.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude
Fulltext Life After Death in a Chinese Community

MOHD HAFIZOL AMIN BIN RAMLI, NUR AMELIA BINTI MAZLAN, SITI AIDA BINTI AZMI, MUHD SARJI BIN AWANG BULAT, PARVEEN KAUR

Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2018;1(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

According to San Fillipo (2006), death is not the end of one’s existence, but rather than a transition from one life to another. However, it is different based on how the society and individuals see the concept of death itself and how they understand about it. Thus, this article aims to explore the understanding of the relationship between culture and religion that become their identity in terms of death and life after. Qualitative approach is adopted for this study. Indeed, interview and empirical observation were used to obtain quality data.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude to Death
Fulltext Population preferences and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination: a cross-sectional study from Pakistan

Tahir MJ, Saqlain M, Tariq W, Waheed S, Tan SHS, Nasir SI, et al.

BMC Public Health, 2021 09 26;21(1):1759.
PMID: 34565351 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11814-5

BACKGROUND: While vaccine development is itself a challenge; ensuring optimal vaccine uptake at population level can present an even more significant challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the Pakistani population's attitude and preferences towards the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine.
METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out through an online self-administered questionnaire from 27 September 2020 to 11 October 2020. A total of 883 people responded to the survey. The questionnaire included the participants' socio-demographic variables, attitudes, beliefs towards the COVID-19 vaccine and acceptance and rejection of vaccination, and reasons for them. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the predictors for vaccine acceptance and willingness to pay for the vaccine.
RESULTS: A majority (70.8%) of respondents will accept the COVID-19vaccine if available, and 66.8% showed a positive attitude towards vaccination. Monthly family income, education level, self-diagnosis of COVID-19 or a friend, family member, or colleague are significant factors influencing the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. The dogma of being naturally immune to COVID-19 was a key reason for the refusal of the vaccine. Less than half (48%) of those who refuse will vaccinate themselves if government officials have made it compulsory. A third (33.9%) of participants were willing to pay up to (7 USD) 1000 Pkr (Pakistani Rupees) for the vaccine.
CONCLUSION: The population's positive attitude should be improved by increasing awareness and eradicating false myths about vaccines through large-scale campaigns.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude
Fulltext Self-directed learning and construction of knowledge

Azer, Samy A.

Medical Health Reviews, 2008;2008(1):81-95.
MyJurnal

With the introduction of problem-based learning (PBL) in medical and health professionals’ undergraduate courses, self-directed learning (also known as self-regulated learning) becomes an integral component of the learning process. There may be slight variations in how educators and students perceive self-directed learnin .However, self-directed learning provides an opportunity for collaborative discussion of the new information collected and allows learners to construct new knowledge as they address their learning issues. Therefore, self-directed learning is not just about researching for new knowledge or finding answers for questions; self-directed learning is about developing competencies, skills and attitudes that foster the learning processes. Interestingly, not all learners will be able to adapt this approach of learning once they enroll in a PBL course. The process will develop gradually and require a number of actions from the learner, including: (i) Realising the need to change their learning style to suite the needs of the medical curriculum, (ii) constructing a plan that accommodates the new learning objectives, (iii) Practicing self-directed learning and sharing their experiences with peers, and (iv) Continuing evaluation of their self-directed learning approach and improving their learning style. Therefore, the aims of this manuscript are: (i) discuss the meaning of self-directed learning in the context of PBL, and review the research outcomes in this area, (ii) understand the different factors that may affect student’s self-directed learning strategies, and (iii) briefly explore the meaning of construction of knowledge and how it can enforce students’ self-directed learning, integration of knowledge and deeper understanding of topics learnt.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude

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