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Fulltext Posterior teeth mesialization with mini-implants in an oligodontia patient

Wey, M.C., Wu, C.L., Wong, W.K., Zamri, R., Hagg, U.

Malaysian Dental Journal, 2008;29(2):113-118.
MyJurnal

A case report of a 16 year old male oligodontia patient who presented with a Class I malocclusion on a skeletal I base. He had multiple missing teeth of upper lateral incisors and all premolars except for lower right first premolar. Treatment involved fixed appliance with the aid of mini-implants to mesialize posterior teeth in order to reduce the number of prosthodontic replacement of the remaining missing teeth planned for the future. The application of the mini-implants in the sequence of treatment is presented

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Fulltext Is Profile Alone Sufficient To Remove Gutta-Percha During Endodontic Re-treatment?

Lee, S.W., Tan, S.T., Che Ab Aziz, Z.A.

Ann Dent, 2005;12(1):-.
MyJurnal

Thirty extracted mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups. Canals were cleaned, obturated and the teeth incubated. Guttapercha removal was performed using: Hedström files with xylene (Group 1); ProFile® alone (Group 2) and combination of both (Group 3). Time required to remove the gutta-percha was recorded. Postoperative radiographs were taken. Specimens were split longitudinally and photographed. Amount of gutta-percha left at coronal, middle and apical thirds was calculated by computer (QWIN software) and the photographs were also evaluated visually by two endodontists. Results showed that the combined technique was fastest in removing gutta-percha. Radiographically, more residual was left in Group 2. Although computer analysis also showed more residual was left in Group 2, they were in a small percentage and there were no significant differences (P>0.05, SPSS paired-samples T test) among groups. Although there were significant differences between the two evaluators in their scoring, both generally agreed (Kappa’s analysis= 0.64) there was more guttapercha residual in Group 2 compared to Group 3 in the apical thirds. Although the differences in efficacy of guttapercha removal among these techniques were not significant, the use of ProFile® increased the speed of the procedure. The combined technique showed the most superior efficacy in gutta-percha removal.

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Fulltext An alternative efficient technique for thin tooth sectioning

Babar, Muneer Gohar, Gonzalez, Ma Angela

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2011;5(1):27-30.
MyJurnal

Background: The importance of tooth sectioning is realized in disasters such as earthquake, airplane crash investigation, terror, micro leakage studies, age estimation etc. The objective of this study was to develop a simple method to make thin sections (approximately 100 mm) from freshly extracted teeth.

Methods: One hundred and twenty human premolars recently extracted for orthodontic purpose were used for this study. The teeth were stored in 0.5% chorlaramine for 2 weeks and were not allowed to dry at any stage of the experiment. The teeth were thoroughly washed in distilled water teeth and then were sectioned buccolingually from crown to the root portion.

Results: A detailed embedding-cutting-mounting procedure is described. The prepared thin ground sections were then examined under a Polarised light microscope for the enamel and the dentine, as well as the caries lesions can clearly be distinguished.

Conclusion: This is an effective and efficient method for preparation of ground sections in which the hard tissue details are preserved.

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Effectiveness of self-etching primer versus conventional etch and bond technique in fixed orthodontic treatment

Noor Sam A, Asma A

Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1051-1056.

A good adhesive is an important factor to consider in orthodontic bonding. Frequent bracket failure prolongs treatment duration and causes inconvenience to patient and operator. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two bonding agents, i.e. the self etching primer (SEP) and the conventional etch and bond (CEB) by monitoring the incidence, time and
sites of bracket failure. Eighty orthodontic patients were recruited after informed consent were obtained. A randomized split mouth technique was used where one side was bonded with CEB agent, while the other side was bonded using SEP agent. All bonded brackets were examined every 4 weeks for 20 months. Incidence of bracket failure was noted and
comparison between the two groups was done using paired t-test. Time and frequent site of failure were also assessed. Out of 1314 brackets, only 33 brackets were debonded with 16 from SEP group and 17 from CEB group which statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Almost 55% of bracket failure occurred during the first 3 months after bonding for both adhesives
with lower premolars was most the frequent site to fail in both adhesives (39.4%). Bracket bonded on the left side failed significantly compared to the right side. In conclusion, both self-etching primer and conventional acid-etch bonding agents are equally effective in retaining brackets clinically. Bracket failure mostly occurres during the first 3 months after bonding. The premolar brackets and the left side are mostly debonded when compared to other sites.

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Fulltext An Interdisciplinary Approach for Management of an Extensive Carious Premolar

Lishen W, In Meei T, Marny Mohamed A, Abdullah D

Iran Endod J, 2018;13(3):403-406.
PMID: 30083215 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v13i3.20871

The principle of ferrule effect is of prime importance when restoring an endodontically treated tooth. A severely broken down tooth due to subgingival caries almost always end up with extraction as inadequate ferrule effect would compromise the predictability of restorative treatment. This clinical case report describes a treatment approach that combines non-surgical endodontic treatment, orthodontic extrusion and prosthetic rehabilitation to restore the function and aesthetic aspect of an extensively carious premolar with compromised prognosis. One year follow-up indicated stable periodontal health with evidence of periapical healing radiographically.

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
The prevalence of dens evaginatus

Yip WK

Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol., 1974 Jul;38(1):80-7.
PMID: 4525999
Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid/abnormalities; Bicuspid/pathology
Fulltext Application of platelet rich fibrin for management of an electrosurge induced osteonecrosis involving maxillary alveolus

Suresh N, Chandrasekaran B, Muthusamy S, Kannan S, Muthu K

Singapore Dent J, 2015 Dec;36:39-43.
PMID: 26684495 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdj.2014.11.004

BACKGROUND: Application of principles of electrocautery for hemostasis dates back to prehistoric times. Its modern implementation in various fields of general and head and neck surgeries have been well documented. However its usage in minor oral surgical procedures has gained popularity only recently. Complications associated with electro-surgery in the dental field are relatively rare and there is insufficient literature on its management.
CASE REPORT: We present a case report on management of an electrosurgery induced osteonecrosis involving maxillary alveolus of left premolars.
DISCUSSION: Inadvertent contact of the electrosurgery tip on bone can result in necrosis making it necessary to remove the sequestrum and graft the defect. Platelet rich fibrin in combination with bone grafts have been well documented to provide successful periodontal regeneration.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Our aim of presenting this report is to create awareness among the health care providers regarding electrosurgical injuries. To our knowledge, this is the first time platelet rich fibrin has been used in the management of intraoral electrosurgical injury. Combining bone grafts with platelet rich fibrin is a good alternative as it can be done with relative ease and predictable outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Strain measurements and fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars restored with all-ceramic restorations

Seow LL, Toh CG, Wilson NH

J Dent, 2015 Jan;43(1):126-32.
PMID: 25448436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.10.001

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the recovery of cuspal stiffness and fracture resistance in endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with bonded ceramic inlays and onlays of various designs.
METHODS: Seventy intact premolars were selected for this study; six cavity designs were investigated: (i) mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) inlay (I), (ii) MOD inlay with palatal cusp coverage (IPC), (iii) MOD onlay (O), (iv) MOD inlay with pulp chamber extension (IPE), (v) MOD inlay with palatal cusp coverage and pulp chamber extension (IPCPE), and (vi) MOD onlay with pulp chamber extension (OPE). Intact teeth acted as control. Strain gauges were attached to the buccal and palatal surfaces of the teeth to measure cuspal stiffness under static loading. All specimens were eventually subjected to compressive load to failure. Cuspal stiffness and fracture resistance data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test.
RESULTS: The I and IPE restorations restored cuspal stiffness to 75% of the sound tooth value. The O and OPE restored teeth had stiffness values greater than that of a sound tooth. The I, IPC, O, IPE, IPCPE and OPE restored teeth demonstrated fracture strength values of 938N±113 N (s.d.), 1073N±176 N and 1317N±219 N, 893N±129 N, 1062N±153 N and 1347N±191 N respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the all-ceramic onlay or inlay with palatal cusp coverage provided best biomechanical advantage in restoring an endodontically treated maxillary premolar tooth.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The onlay approach which is more conservative compared to full coverage restoration is considered an appropriate approach to the restoration of endodontically treated maxillary premolars. The addition of a pulpal extension to the all-ceramic restorations, apart from being technically challenging, was not found to offer any biomechanical advantage to the restored teeth.
KEYWORDS: Endodontically treated teeth; Fracture strengths; Inlay; Onlay; Pulp chamber extension; Strains

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Fulltext Erosive potential of commonly used beverages, medicated syrup, and their effects on dental enamel with and without restoration: An in vitro study

Trivedi K, Bhaskar V, Ganesh M, Venkataraghavan K, Choudhary P, Shah S, et al.

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2015 Aug;7(Suppl 2):S474-80.
PMID: 26538901 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.163508

AIM: This study evaluates erosive potential of commonly used beverages, medicated syrup, and their effects on dental enamel with and without restoration in vitro.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Test medias used in this study included carbonated beverage, noncarbonated beverage, high-energy sports drink medicated cough syrup, distilled water as the control. A total of 110 previously extracted human premolar teeth were selected for the study. Teeth were randomly divided into two groups. Test specimens were randomly distributed to five beverages groups and comprised 12 specimens per group. Surface roughness (profilometer) readings were performed at baseline and again, following immersion for 14 days (24 h/day). Microleakage was evaluated. The results obtained were analyzed for statistical significance using SPSS-PC package using the multiple factor ANOVA at a significance level of P < 0.05. Paired t-test, Friedman test ranks, and Wilcoxon signed ranks test.
RESULTS: For surface roughness high-energy sports drink and noncarbonated beverage showed the highly significant difference with P values of 0.000 and 0.000, respectively compared to other test media. For microleakage high-energy sports drink had significant difference in comparison to noncarbonated beverage (P = 0.002), medicated syrup (P = 0.000), and distilled water (P = 0.000).
CONCLUSION: High-energy sports drink showed highest surface roughness value and microleakage score among all test media and thus greater erosive potential to enamel while medicated syrup showed least surface roughness value and microleakage among all test media.

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Fulltext Prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis among Malay population

Hiremath VK, Husein A, Mishra N

J Int Soc Prev Community Dent, 2011 Jul;1(2):60-4.
PMID: 24478956 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.97704

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, size, shape, and location of torus palatinus (TP) and torus mandibularis (TM), and to assess their sex-related and age-related differences in the Malay population. Sixty-five subjects were assessed for the presence of both tori at the School of Dental Sciences University Sains Malaysia. The prevalence of TP was 38-63% and that of TM was 1-10%. TP was frequently more common in females than males (90.9% versus 9.1%; P < 0.05) and was frequently found in medium sizes, spindle shaped, and was often located at the combined premolar to molar areas. The prevalence of TM was not significantly different in males and females (33.3% versus 66.7%; P = 0.523), occurred most commonly in bilateral multiple form, and was often located at the canine to premolar area.

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Numerical Three-dimensional Finite Element Modeling of Cavity Shape and Optimal Material Selection by Analysis of Stress Distribution on Class V Cavities of Mandibular Premolars

Pai S, Bhat V, Patil V, Naik N, Awasthi S, Nayak N

J Int Soc Prev Community Dent, 2020 06 15;10(3):279-285.
PMID: 32802773 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_75_20

Aim: Adhesive restoration does not depend primarily on the configuration of the shape of the cavity. Under varying loading conditions, it is essential to know the stress concentration and load transfer mechanism for distinct cavity shapes. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the biomechanical characteristics of various cavity shapes, namely oval, elliptical, trapezoidal, and rectangular shapes of class V cavities on mandibular premolars restored with amalgam, glass ionomer cement, and Cention N using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis.
Materials and Methods: A 3D prototype of a mandibular premolar was generated by Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images obtained from the cone beam computed tomography and imported to 3D modeling software tool, SpaceClaim. The four distinct load magnitudes of 100, 150, 200, and 250N were applied as a pressure load perpendicular to the lingual plane of the lingual cusp of the occlusal surface (normal load) and at 45° to same (oblique load). The stress distribution patterns and the maximum von Mises stresses were analyzed and compared.
Results: The occlusal stresses were distributed from the force loading point in an approximate actinomorphic pattern, and when the force load was close to the margin, the stress was much greater.
Conclusion: Ovoid cavity showed lesser stress concentration and deformation for each of the tested restorative material.

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Fulltext Assessment of microleakage of few restorative materials after erosion by acidic solution

Suhaida Sabdi, Wan Zaripah Wan Bakar, Adam Husein

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2011;6(2):26-32.
MyJurnal

Some restorative materials are susceptible to erosion but whether it also causes microleakage is still questionable. The aim of this study was to assess the microleakage of few restorative materials after immersion in acidic solution. Standardized ‘U’ shaped cavity of 4mm diameter and 2mm depth were prepared on buccal or lingual surface of 52 human premolar and molar teeth. The teeth were divided into 4 groups which contains 13 samples and 3 controls for each and were restored either with Filtek Z250 (Group 1), Fuji IX (Group 2), Fuji II LC (Group 3), or Silverfill amalgam (Group 4).
All surfaces were painted with nail varnish leaving only 2mm of tooth structure surrounding the restoration before the study samples were immersed in acidic solution, lemon juice (pH 2.74) and control samples in deionised distilled water for 24 hours. Surface photos for erosion were taken before immersion in methylene blue for 7 days. After sectioning, the assessment of dye penetration was done using Leica Imaging System DMLM (Germany). Photos showed that Fuji IX demonstrated severe erosion but no obvious changes were seen on other materials. Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that microleakage between all four groups were statistically significant. The most significant difference was between Filtek Z250 and Fuji IX (p

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Fulltext An unusual case of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis of the mandible

Kamran Ali, Ashfaq Akram, Muhammad Usman Akhtar

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2012;7(1):1-5.
MyJurnal

Osteomyelitis of the mandible, a serious complication of untreated odontogenic infection has been reported. This case report describes an interesting presentation of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis (CSO) of the mandible in a 13 years old anaemic male patient. Investigations revealed inversion of his permanent teeth leading to trans-cutaneous extra-oral eruption along with marked destruction of mandible on the affected side. The treatment included a pre surgical course of antibiotics followed by the removal of the retained second premolar tooth, surgical debridement of the affected bone, and resection of the cutaneous sinus tract. The post-operative healing was uneventful. A combination of antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement were effective in the treatment of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Fulltext The effect of different dental adhesive systems on hybrid layer qualities

SH, Ku, YS, Tan, Yahya NA

Ann Dent, 2014;21(1):25-32.
MyJurnal

The study aimed to evaluate the quality of the hybrid
layer form by three different adhesive systems. Class V
cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of fourty
extracted human premolars. The prepared teeth were
randomly assigned into four groups according to the
adhesive system and application mode. The systems
were: Optibond S (OS, total-etch); Optibond Versa (OV,
two-bottles, self-etch); Single Bond Universal (SBU,
one-bottle, self-etch) and Single Bond Universal with
etchant (SBU + etchant). All cavities were restored with
composite (Filtek Z350XT). The samples were sectioned,
polished and pretreated to remove minerals, protein
and water prior to SEM evaluation. From the images,
thickness of the hybrid layers was measured. Present of
resin tags and adaptation failure were also recorded. The
data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, Dunnett’s
T3, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. OS group
showed the highest average hybrid layer thickness (4.34
µm), followed by SBU + etchant (3.06 µm), OV (1.91 µm)
and SBU (0.95 µm). Both adhesive and cohesive failures
were observed in SBU group. Present of prominent resin
tags were seen in both OS and OV groups. In conclusion,
all the investigated adhesive systems were able to perform
distinguishable actions as shown in micro-morphological
alteration and hybrid layer thickness. Two-bottles, selfetch
adhesive (OV) was proven to produce negligible
adaptation failure compared to other adhesive systems in
the present study. Combined all-in-one adhesive (SBU)
was found to render a superior bonding performance in
total-etch mode comparing to self-etch mode.

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Fulltext The timing and sequence of emergence of permanent teeth in Malay school children in Kota Bharu, Malaysia

Hussin, A.S., Mokhtar, N., Naing, L., Taylor, J.A., Mahmood, Z.

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2007;2(1):36-40.
MyJurnal

The purpose of this study was to determine the timing and sequence of emergence of the first 28 permanent teeth in a cross-section of Malay children in the district of Kota Bharu, in northeastern Peninsula Malaysia. The sample consists of 478 boys and 908 girls of Malay descent aged between 5-19 years. The criterion for tooth emergence was the appearance of the tooth through the gingivae. Descriptive statistics were calculated and probit regression analysis performed to determine the mean age of emergence of the permanent dentition. The mean age at emergence was found to conform to general trends, with emergence seen earlier in girls than in boys. Comparisons were made with the Chinese (Hong Kong) and the Punjabi (Chandigarh) profiles, which showed earlier emergence timings in those ethnic groups. The emergence timing in Malays, however, was earlier than in Thais (Central Thailand). The sequence of emergence was determined by referring to the mean age of tooth emergence of individual teeth and conforms to the general trend seen in other studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Fulltext Shear bond strength of orthodontic adhesives on different tooth types : an in vitro study

Radzi, Z., Yahya, N.A., Kasim, N.H.A., Ismail, N.H., Ismail, N.A., Zamzam, N

Ann Dent, 2006;13(1):18-23.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Owing to the variety of materials and methods employed, comparison of the results and findings from bonding studies is difficult. Until recently, several types of teeth have been used in published research papers as a substrate in orthodontic bonding research including bovine incisors, fresh and rebonded human premolars. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of an adhesive bonded to different tooth surfaces (human premolar, bovine incisor and rebonded human premolar). Methods: Two groups of thirty premolar teeth and one group of bovine incisors had brackets attached in a standardized manner using Transbond XT (3M Unitek). The adhesive was cured using conventional halogen light and a specially designed tool to standardize the distance between the light curing tip and the adhesive. The debonding force was measured using Instron universal testing machine. ANOVA and Post Hoc Dunnett C test were performed to determine any significant difference among groups (p

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Fulltext Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with different curing methods

Faisal Ismail Bahnasi, Nagham Mohammed Abdullah, Mohamed Ibrahim Abu-Hassan

Compendium of Oral Science, 2014;1(1):24-29.
MyJurnal

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of light-cure devices and curing times on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets.

Material and Methods: 60-extracted human premolars were divided into 6-groups of 10-teeth each and bonded with stainless-steel brackets by using 3M Unitek Transbond XT composite. Specimens were cured with halogen, LED and plasma arc lights with two different times for each. The specimens were subjected to shear force till debond with a crosshead speed of 1mm/min and tested after 5min. The stress was calculated and data were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: one-way ANOVA and Dunnett T3 post hoc comparison test were used. There were no significant differences between the 6 groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: all curing light methods with loading force after 5 min achieved SBS more than the normal range; therefore, arch wire can be inserted at the same visit using any of tested curing light device or curing time.

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Fulltext In vitro study of white spot lesion: Maxilla and mandibular teeth

Mohamed AM, Wong KH, Lee WJ, Marizan Nor M, Mohd Hussaini H, Rosli TI

Saudi Dent J, 2018 Apr;30(2):142-150.
PMID: 29628737 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2017.12.001

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of resin infiltration on colour changes and surface roughness of artificial white spot lesions (WSLs) on maxillary and mandibular premolar.
Materials and methods: Sixty (60) extracted sound Maxilla (Mx) and Mandibular (Mn) premolars were randomly divided into 2 groups (test and control). Artificial WSLs were produced on buccal surface of teeth and were immersed in artificial saliva for 8 weeks. Colour components (L∗, a∗, b∗) and surface roughness (Sa∗) were assessed on 40 teeth using colour difference meter RD-100 and Alicona® Infinite Focus profilometer respectively. The measurements were done at baseline (T1), directly after artificial WSLs (T2), after 24 hours immersed in saliva and application of resin (T3) and immersion in artificial saliva for 1 (T4), 2 (T5), 4 (T6), 6 (T7) and 8 (T8) weeks. SEM images analysis were carried out on 20 teeth in four time points.
Results: The values of L∗ (lightness), b∗ (yellow/blue) and Sa∗ (surface roughness) are gradually reduced to the baseline value. Whereas, the value of a∗ gradually increased with distinct treatment time to achieve the baseline value. The higher value of L∗ and Sa∗, the whiter the lesion suggesting higher degree of enamel demineralization and surface roughness. Lower L∗ values suggest a masking colour effect.
Conclusion: The material produced favorable esthetics on colour and the surface roughness of teeth at distinct treatment times. It is recommended to be used to improve WSL post orthodontic treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Effects of low-intensity laser therapy on the stability of orthodontic mini-implants: a randomised controlled clinical trial

Abohabib AM, Fayed MM, Labib AH

J Orthod, 2018 09;45(3):149-156.
PMID: 29874972 DOI: 10.1080/14653125.2018.1481710

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of low-intensity laser therapy on mini-implant stability using resonance frequency analysis during canine retraction with fixed appliances.
DESIGN: A split-mouth randomised clinical trial.
SETTING: Subjects were recruited and treated in the outpatient clinic, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University.
PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen subjects with mean age 20.9 (±3.4) years who required extraction of maxillary first premolar teeth and mini-implant-supported canine retraction.
METHODS: Thirty orthodontic mini-implants were inserted bilaterally in the maxillary arches of recruited subjects following alignment and levelling. Mini-implants were immediately loaded with a force of 150 g using nickel titanium coil springs with split-mouth randomisation to a low-intensity laser-treated side and control side. The experimental sides were exposed to low-intensity laser therapy from a diode laser with a wavelength of 940 nm at (0, 7, 14, 21 days) after mini-implant placement. Mini-implant stability was measured using resonance frequency analysis at (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 weeks) after implant placement.
RESULTS: A total sample of 28 mini-implants were investigated with 14 in each group. Clinically, both mini-implant groups had the same overall success rate of 78.5%. There were no significant differences in resonance frequency scores between low-intensity laser and control sides from baseline to week 2. However, from week 3 to 10, the low-intensity laser sides showed significantly increased mean resonance frequency values compared to control (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite evidence of some significant differences in resonance frequency between mini-implants exposed to low-intensity laser light over a 10 weeks period there were no differences in mini-implant stability. Low-intensity laser light cannot be recommended as a clinically useful adjunct to promoting mini-implant stability during canine retraction.

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid
Fulltext Morphometric and morphological study of mental foramen in the Malaysian population: anatomy and forensic implications

Aspalilah Alias, AbdelNasser Ibrahim, Siti Noorain Abu Bakar, Mohamed Swarhib Shafie, Faridah Mohd Nor, Srijit Das

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(2):47-53.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The mental foramen is present on either side of the body of the mandible bone. This foramen
transmits mental vessels and nerves. In forensic anthropology, mental foramen may be important for
differentiating sex, estimating age and identifying various races based on morphology. The main aim of the
present study was to determine the position, shape and diameter of the mental foramen according to sex,
age and race by postmortem computed tomography in the Malaysian population.

Materials and Methods: A total of 79 dentulous patients (48 males, 31 females) from 3 age groups (18-30 years, 31– 50 years, 51-74
years) were selected for this study, and ten parameters were observed for each mandible. The parameters
were divided into two morphological and eight morphometric parameters. The morphometric parameters
were measured by using Osirix MD Software 3D Volume Rendering.

Results: Results showed that mandibular
body length and height were significantly greater in males than in females by independent t-test. (p< 0.05).
However, the mandibular body height was found to decrease significantly with age in both sexes by one-way
Anova. It was observed that the shape of mental foramen was 45.6% oval and 54.4% rounded. About 44.3% of
them were in line with the longitudinal axis of the second premolar tooth.

Conclusion: It was concluded that
mental foramen may be used for identification purposes, particularly for sex, age and race determination.

Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid

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