Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 214 in total

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  1. Fulltext Bone health status among thalassemia children
    Yeo PS, Shahar S, Rajikan R, Mohd Yusoff NA
    Int J Public Health Res, 2014;4St(1):399-404.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction Low bone mineral density is a significant problem in children with Thalassemia which may lead to increased risk for fragility fractures and suboptimal peak bone mass. This cross-sectional study was conducted to
    determine the bone health status of Thalassemia children Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre and Paediatrics Insititute Kuala Lumpur Hospital.
    Methods A total of 81 respondents diagnosed with transfusion dependant beta Thalassemia (41 boys and 40 girls) aged between 7 to 19 years old completed the study. The data collected were demographic information, anthropometric measurements, dairy frequency questionnaires, dietary habits of the respondents and their parents, dietary intakes and bone densitometry using Ultrasound Bone Densitometer.
    Results For Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) parameters, T-score of 9.8% participants were lower than -1.0 and 30.9% of the participants had lower Speed of Sound (SOS) than healthy SOS. This study showed there was no difference in bone density by sex (p>0.05). The median bone density of boys was 1616.00 m/sec (IQR= 39.00) and girls’ was 1579.00 m/ sec (IQR= 116.00). SOS was not increased with age, height and weight; but girls’ Body Mass Index (BMI). Malay children had significantly higher SOS than non-Malay children.
    Conclusions This study highlights a need of proper intervention for the high risk group to achieve optimal bone health.
    Study site: inpatient or outpatient, Institut Pediatrik (Hospital Kuala Lumpur), Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density*
  2. Effect of soluble corn fibre and calcium supplementation on bone mineral content and bone mineral density in preadolescent Malaysian children-a double-blind randomised controlled trial (PREBONE-Kids Study)
    Arasu K, Chang CY, Wong SY, Ong SH, Yang WY, Chong MHZ, et al.
    Osteoporos Int, 2023 Apr;34(4):783-792.
    PMID: 36808216 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06702-0
    Soluble corn fibre (SCF) with calcium did not improve bone indices after 1 year in preadolescent children.

    INTRODUCTION: SCF has been reported to improve calcium absorption. We investigated the long-term effect of SCF and calcium on bone indices of healthy preadolescent children aged 9-11 years old.

    METHODS: In a double-blind, randomised, parallel arm study, 243 participants were randomised into four groups: placebo, 12-g SCF, 600-mg calcium lactate gluconate (Ca) and 12-g SCF + 600-mg calcium lactate gluconate (SCF + Ca). Total body bone mineral content (TBBMC) and total body bone mineral density (TBBMD) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 6 and 12 months.

    RESULTS: At 6 months, SCF + Ca had a significant increase in TBBMC from baseline (27.14 ± 6.10 g, p = 0.001). At 12 months, there was a significant increase in TBBMC from baseline in the SCF + Ca (40.28 ± 9.03 g, p = 0.001) and SCF groups (27.34 ± 7.93 g, p = 0.037). At 6 months, the change in TBBMD in the SCF + Ca (0.019 ± 0.003 g/cm2) and Ca (0.014 ± 0.003 g/cm2) groups was significantly different (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density*
  3. Fulltext Development of Osteoporosis Screening Algorithm for Population Aged 50 Years and above in Klang Valley, Malaysia
    Subramaniam S, Chan CY, Soelaiman IN, Mohamed N, Muhammad N, Ahmad F, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 04 07;17(7).
    PMID: 32272697 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072526
    Background: The current osteoporosis screening instruments are not optimized to be used among the Malaysian population. This study aimed to develop an osteoporosis screening algorithm based on risk factors for Malaysians. Methods: Malaysians aged ≥50 years (n = 607) from Klang Valley, Malaysia were interviewed and their bone health status was assessed using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device. The algorithm was constructed based on osteoporosis risk factors using multivariate logistic regression and its performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristics analysis. Results: Increased age, reduced body weight and being less physically active significantly predicted osteoporosis in men, while in women, increased age, lower body weight and low-income status significantly predicted osteoporosis. These factors were included in the final algorithm and the optimal cut-offs to identify subjects with osteoporosis was 0.00120 for men [sensitivity 73.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 54.1%-87.7%), specificity 67.8% (95% CI = 62.7%-85.5%), area under curve (AUC) 0.705 (95% CI = 0.608-0.803), p < 0.001] and 0.161 for women [sensitivity 75.4% (95% CI = 61.9%-73.3%), specificity 74.5% (95% CI = 68.5%-79.8%), AUC 0.749 (95% CI = 0.679-0.820), p < 0.001]. Conclusion: The new algorithm performed satisfactorily in identifying the risk of osteoporosis among the Malaysian population ≥50 years. Further validation studies are required before applying this algorithm for screening of osteoporosis in public.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density*
  4. Fulltext Effectiveness of FES-supported leg exercise for promotion of paralysed lower limb muscle and bone health-a systematic review
    Ibitoye MO, Hamzaid NA, Ahmed YK
    Biomed Tech (Berl), 2023 Aug 28;68(4):329-350.
    PMID: 36852605 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2021-0195
    Leg exercises through standing, cycling and walking with/without FES may be used to preserve lower limb muscle and bone health in persons with physical disability due to SCI. This study sought to examine the effectiveness of leg exercises on bone mineral density and muscle cross-sectional area based on their clinical efficacy in persons with SCI. Several literature databases were searched for potential eligible studies from the earliest return date to January 2022. The primary outcome targeted was the change in muscle mass/volume and bone mineral density as measured by CT, MRI and similar devices. Relevant studies indicated that persons with SCI that undertook FES- and frame-supported leg exercise exhibited better improvement in muscle and bone health preservation in comparison to those who were confined to frame-assisted leg exercise only. However, this observation is only valid for exercise initiated early (i.e., within 3 months after injury) and for ≥30 min/day for ≥ thrice a week and for up to 24 months or as long as desired and/or tolerable. Consequently, apart from the positive psychological effects on the users, leg exercise may reduce fracture rate and its effectiveness may be improved if augmented with FES.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density/physiology
  5. Drug delivery systems for prevention and treatment of osteoporotic fracture
    Shuid AN, Ibrahim N', Mohd Amin MC, Mohamed IN
    Curr Drug Targets, 2013 Dec;14(13):1558-64.
    PMID: 24200294
    Anti-osteoporotic drugs are available for treatment of osteoporosis and for preventing osteoporosis complications especially fractures. Most of the current anti-osteoporotic drugs are administered orally or parenterally to target the osteoporosis-affected bones. However, bone is a peripheral organ with limited blood supply. Therefore, the drugs delivered are exposed to various physicochemical and biological factors which affect the bioavailability of the drugs. In preclinical research, the dose of a potential anti-osteoporotic agent used in animal model may be too high for human application when administered via the conventional route of administration. The current anti-osteoporotic drugs need to be administered at higher doses to account for pharmacological interactions. However, this will expose the patients to adverse effects such as the cancer risks of postmenopausal women who took estrogen replacement therapy. There is also problem with patient compliance as anti-osteoporotic drugs may have to be taken for prolonged duration. The current deliveries of drugs need to be improved to overcome these problems. This review discussed several potential drug delivery systems which are able to contain the anti-osteoporosis drugs and release them slowly to the targeted bone. Among them are various carriers, polymers and microsponges, which may not only increase drug efficacy but also reduce adverse effects. The delivery systems allow the drugs to be administered locally at the targeted bone for longer duration, therefore reducing drug frequency and improving patient's compliance. It is hoped that these delivery systems may be applicable for the treatment of osteoporosis in the future to keep tab of the rising osteoporotic fracture incidence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density/drug effects; Bone Density Conservation Agents/administration & dosage*
  6. Pomegranate use to attenuate bone loss in major musculoskeletal diseases: an evidence-based review
    Shuid AN, Mohamed IN
    Curr Drug Targets, 2013 Dec;14(13):1565-78.
    PMID: 24200293
    This review explores the effects of pomegranate on the pathogenesis of bone loss in osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify the relevant studies on pomegranate and osteoporosis/osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis. A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline and CINAHL for relevant studies published between the years 1946 to 2012. The main inclusion criteria were research articles published in English, studies had to report the association or effect of pomegranate and these bone and joint diseases: osteoporosis, osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. The literature search identified 35 potentially relevant articles, whereby 8 met the inclusion criteria. Two animal studies, two combinations of animal and in vitro studies, three in vitro studies and one human study were included in this review. All the studies reported positive effects of pomegranate extract or juice on osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. This evidence-based review highlighted the potential of pomegranate extract being used for treating bone loss in osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Further studies are required to identify the active ingredients and molecular mechanisms before controlled human observational studies are conducted to provide stronger evidence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density/drug effects*; Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use*
  7. Is there a link between osteoporosis and type 1 diabetes? Findings from a systematic review of the literature
    Abdulameer SA, Sulaiman SAS, Hassali MAA, Subramaniam K, Sahib MN
    Diabetology International, 2012;3:113-130.
    DOI: 10.1007/s13340-012-0083-x
    Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pandemic and heterogeneous metabolic disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. In addition, osteoporosis (OP) is a silent disease that constitutes an enormous socioeconomic crisis, with a harmful impact on morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this systematic review focuses on the association between OP and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Systematic reviews of full-length articles published in English from January 1950 to October 2010 were identified in PubMed and other available electronic databases at Universiti Sains Malaysia Library Database. The following keywords were used for the search: T1DM, insulin, OP, bone mass, and skeletal. Studies of more than 20 patients with T1DM were included. Results: Fifty studies were identified. In general, most of the studies showed unambiguous evidence for a decrease in bone mineral density in T1DM. Conclusions: Screening, identification and prevention of potential risk factors for OP in T1DM patients are crucial and important in terms of preserving a good quality of life in diabetic patients. Patient education about an adequate calcium and vitamin D intake and regular exercise are important for improving muscle strength and balance, and specific measures for preventing falls. Furthermore, adequate glycemic control and the prevention of diabetic complications are the starting point of therapy in T1DM. © 2012 The Japan Diabetes Society.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density
  8. Novel agents in the treatment of osteoporosis
    Shuid AN, Ima Nirwana S, Das S
    Curr Drug Targets, 2013 Dec;14(14):1631.
    PMID: 24383964
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density Conservation Agents/administration & dosage; Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use*
  9. Pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteoporosis and its treatment: a review
    Abukhadir SS, Mohamed N, Mohamed N
    Curr Drug Targets, 2013 Dec;14(13):1601-10.
    PMID: 24138635
    Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease in humans; it represents a major public health problem. This chronic disease is characterized by increase in bone fracture due to: reduced bone mass, deterioration of micro architectural and decreased bone strength, bone fragility; and bone mineral density 2.5 or more standard deviations below the normal mean. Secondary osteoporosis is a common cause of osteoporosis, and there are many underlying risk factors for osteoporosis. Chronic alcohol abuse is one of the modifiable risk factors in osteoporosis. There is evidence of correlation between chronic alcohol abuse and low bone mass. Alcohol is directly toxic to the bone; with increased incidence of fractures and complications. Although there is a paucity of studies regarding alcohol induced osteoporosis therapy, it can be classified into antiresorptive therapy and anabolic therapy. Bisphosphonates have been demonstrated to be clinically relevant to prevent bone damage associated with alcohol use while parathyroid hormone increased bone mineralization as well as bone formation in alcohol treated rats. Vitamin D supplementation could prevent bone toxicity in chronic drinkers. This review discussed the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteoporosis and the agents available for its treatment. Other potential therapies are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density/drug effects; Bone Density Conservation Agents/pharmacology; Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use*
  10. A follow-up study on the effects of a milk supplement on bone mineral density of postmenopausal Chinese women in Malaysia
    Ting GP, Tan SY, Chan SP, Karuthan C, Zaitun Y, Suriah AR, et al.
    J Nutr Health Aging, 2007 Jan-Feb;11(1):69-73.
    PMID: 17315084
    A previous study on a randomized controlled trial in 173 postmenopausal Chinese women in Kuala Lumpur showed that milk supplementation was effective to reduce bone loss at the total body, lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip compared to the control group on a usual diet (Chee et al. 2003).
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density/drug effects*; Bone Density Conservation Agents/administration & dosage; Bone Density Conservation Agents/pharmacology*
  11. Oral paricalcitol versus oral calcitriol in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism
    Jamaluddin EJ, Gafor AH, Yean LC, Cader R, Mohd R, Kong NC, et al.
    Clin Exp Nephrol, 2014 Jun;18(3):507-14.
    PMID: 23903802 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-013-0844-2
    Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is common in end-stage renal disease. Our primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of oral paricalcitol versus oral calcitriol on serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and mineral bone parameters in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with SHPT. The secondary objective was to analyze highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and peritoneal membrane function in both groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density/drug effects; Bone Density/physiology; Bone Density Conservation Agents/administration & dosage; Bone Density Conservation Agents/pharmacology; Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use
  12. Comparison of raloxifene and bisphosphonates based on adherence and treatment satisfaction in postmenopausal Asian women
    Pasion EG, Sivananthan SK, Kung AW, Chen SH, Chen YJ, Mirasol R, et al.
    J. Bone Miner. Metab., 2007;25(2):105-13.
    PMID: 17323180
    We evaluated adherence with raloxifene therapy compared with daily bisphosphonate in Asian postmenopausal women at increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. In this 12-month observational study conducted in Asia (Hong Kong, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan), 984 postmenopausal women (aged 55 years or older) were treated with raloxifene 60 mg/day (n = 707; 72%) or daily bisphosphonate (alendronate 10 mg/day; n = 206; 21%, or risedronate 5 mg/day; n = 71; 7%) during their normal course of care. Patients were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Baseline characteristics (including age, race, education, menopausal status, and baseline fractures) were comparable between the raloxifene and bisphosphonate groups. More women on raloxifene completed the study compared with those on bisphosphonate (50.2% versus 37.5%; P < 0.001). Patients also took raloxifene for a longer period than bisphosphonate (median, 356 versus 348 days; P = 0.011). Compared with those taking bisphosphonate, significantly fewer patients taking raloxifene discontinued the study because of stopping treatment (5.7% versus 10.1%, P = 0.017) or changing treatment (2.8% versus 9.7%, P < 0.001). Inconvenient dosing was reported as a primary reason for discontinuation due to stopping or changing treatment in 19 (6.9%) bisphosphonate patients compared with 0 raloxifene patients. The percentage of patients who had consumed 80% or more of their study medication was similar for raloxifene patients (48-56 weeks; 95.2%) and bisphosphonate patients (48-56 weeks; 93.3%). More raloxifene patients responded that they were satisfied with their medication than bisphosphonate patients at 48-56 weeks (P = 0.002). We concluded that Asian postmenopausal women at increased risk of osteoporotic fractures showed a greater propensity to remain on raloxifene compared with bisphosphonate. The women on raloxifene exhibited lower discontinuation rates and higher treatment satisfaction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use*
  13. The Malaysian Clinical Guidance on the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis, 2012: a summary
    Yeap SS, Hew FL, Lee JK, Goh EM, Chee W, Mumtaz M, et al.
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2013 Feb;16(1):30-40.
    PMID: 23441770 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12037
    AIM: This Clinical Guidance is aimed to help practitioners assess, diagnose and manage their patients with osteoporosis (OP), using the best available evidence.
    METHODS: A literature search using PubMed (MEDLINE) and The Cochrane Library identified all relevant articles on OP and its assessment, diagnosis and treatment, from 2005, to update from the previous edition published in 2006. The studies were assessed and the level of evidence assigned; for each statement, studies with the highest level of evidence were used to frame the recommendation.
    RESULTS: This article summarizes the diagnostic and treatment pathways for OP, highlighting the new data that have changed the way we assess and treat OP. Instead of starting treatment based on bone mineral density alone, there has been a move to assessing 10-year fracture risk before treatment, using tools such as the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX). There has been a re-evaluation on calcium supplementation and more emphasis on the importance of vitamin D. There has been concern about the potential adverse effects of the long-term usage of bisphosphonates, which we have discussed fully. New drugs that have been licensed since 2006 in Malaysia have been included.
    CONCLUSIONS: Adequate intake of calcium (1000 mg from both diet and supplements) and vitamin D (800 IU) daily remain important in the treatment of OP. However, in confirmed OP, pharmacological therapy with anti-resorptives is the mainstay of treatment. Patients need to be regularly assessed while on medication and treatment adjusted as required.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use
  14. Tocotrienols for bone health: a translational approach
    Shen CL, Klein A, Chin KY, Mo H, Tsai P, Yang RS, et al.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2017 Aug;1401(1):150-165.
    PMID: 28891093 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13449
    Osteoporosis, a degenerative bone disease, is characterized by low bone mass and microstructural deterioration of bone tissue resulting in aggravated bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. The trend of extended life expectancy is accompanied by a rise in the prevalence of osteoporosis and concomitant complications in the elderly population. Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between vitamin E consumption and the prevention of age-related bone loss in elderly women and men. Animal studies show that ingestion of vitamin E, especially tocotrienols, may benefit bone health in terms of maintaining higher bone mineral density and improving bone microstructure and quality. The beneficial effects of tocotrienols on bone health appear to be mediated via antioxidant/anti-inflammatory pathways and/or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A mechanisms. We discuss (1) an overview of the prevalence and etiology of osteoporosis, (2) types of vitamin E (tocopherols versus tocotrienols), (3) findings of tocotrienols and bone health from published in vitro and animal studies, (4) possible mechanisms involved in bone protection, and (5) challenges and future direction for research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density/drug effects*; Bone Density/physiology
  15. Fulltext Asymmetrical bone loss in a patient with poliomyelitis: an indication for anti-osteoporotic therapy
    Ratnasingam J, Ibrahim L, Paramasivam S, Lim LL, Boon AT, Vethakkan S
    Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab, 2016 05 11;13(1):61-3.
    PMID: 27252750 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2016.13.1.061
    BACKGROUND: Poliomyelitis survivors suffer from post-myelitic complications including osteoporosis that are often overlooked.

    METHODS: We report a case of a 49-year-old lady with history of poliomyelitis with resultant flaccid paralysis of the involved limb.

    RESULTS: The bone mineral density revealed asymmetrical severe osteoporosis in the poliomyelitic limb. Given the risk of falls and fractures, she was commenced on oral bisphosphonate therapy.

    CONCLUSION: Poliomyelitis is an important acquired risk factor for regional osteoporosis. This condition should be detected and treated in this cohort of patients who are clearly at higher risk of fractures.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density
  16. Fulltext Bone mineral density loss, osteoporosis, and fractures in HIV
    Labarga P
    AIDS Rev, 2013 Jul-Sep;15(3):189-90.
    PMID: 24002203
    The link between HIV and reduced bone mineral density, including osteopenia and the more severe osteoporosis, is well established. HIV infection has also been associated with an increased risk of fractures. It is so far unclear whether this is due to HIV itself, resulting inflammatory and metabolic changes, antiretroviral toxicity, or some combination of factors. This topic was the focus of major debate at the 7th IAS Conference held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in early July 2013.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density/drug effects*; Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use
  17. Efficacy and safety of 2 g/day of strontium ranelate in Asian women with postmenopausal osteoporosis
    Liu JM, Wai-Chee Kung A, Chan SP, Zhu HM, Zhang ZL, Wu YY, et al.
    Bone, 2009 Sep;45(3):460-5.
    PMID: 19464401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.05.014
    Strontium ranelate is a new effective anti-osteoporotic treatment having a unique mode of action, reducing bone resorption while promoting continued bone formation, with a broad range of anti-fracture efficacy at vertebral as well as peripheral sites. In Phase III studies, it has proven its early and sustained efficacy against vertebral fractures in Caucasians along with a significant increase in lumbar bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this randomized double-blind study was to demonstrate the efficacy of strontium ranelate (2 g/day) on lumbar spine bone mineral density and the clinical and biological safety in Asian postmenopausal osteoporotic patients compared to placebo over 1 year. Three hundred and twenty-nine eligible women from mainland China, Hong Kong and Malaysia were randomized into the study. The baseline characteristics were similar in the treatment and placebo groups: mean age of 66.2+/-6.5 years, time since menopause 17.6+/-7.2 years. In the Full Analysis Set (FAS, N=302), the mean baseline lumbar L2-L4 BMD was 0.715+/-0.106 g/cm(2) in the strontium ranelate group and 0.708 +/- 0.109 g/cm2 in the placebo group. The mean baseline femoral neck BMD was 0.575+/-0.074 g/cm2 and 0.566+/-0.069 g/cm2 respectively and mean total hip BMD was 0.642+/-0.080 g/cm2 and 0.631 +/-0.088 g/cm2 respectively. The overall compliance was 91.4% in the study drug group, and 97.4% in the placebo group. After 1 year of treatment, the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip BMD in the treated group was significantly increased by 3-5% as compared to placebo. Strontium ranelate was well tolerated. The most frequently reported emergent adverse events were comparable in both groups (60.4% versus 60.0%), with majority of them being mild gastrointestinal disorders. There were no clinically relevant changes in laboratory tests, such as blood routine, hepatic and renal function. It is thus concluded that the effects of 2 g/day strontium ranelate on BMD and its safety profile in this cohort of postmenopausal osteoporotic Asian women were consistent with results obtained from Caucasian women in which the efficacy on the reduction in risk of fracture has been proven.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents/adverse effects; Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use*
  18. A model-based bone milling state identification method via force sensing for a robotic surgical system
    Al-Abdullah KI, Lim CP, Najdovski Z, Yassin W
    Int J Med Robot, 2019 Jun;15(3):e1989.
    PMID: 30721570 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.1989
    BACKGROUND: This paper presents a model-based bone milling state identification method that provides intraoperative bone quality information during robotic bone milling. The method helps surgeons identify bone layer transitions during bone milling.

    METHODS: On the basis of a series of bone milling experiments with commercial artificial bones, an artificial neural network force model is developed to estimate the milling force of different bone densities as a function of the milling feed rate and spindle speed. The model estimations are used to identify the bone density at the cutting zone by comparing the actual milling force with the estimated one.

    RESULTS: The verification experiments indicate the ability of the proposed method to distinguish between one cortical and two cancellous bone densities.

    CONCLUSIONS: The significance of the proposed method is that it can be used to discriminate a set of different bone density layers for a range of the milling feed rate and spindle speed.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density
  19. Associations between primary aldosteronism and diabetes, poor bone health, and sleep apnea-what do we know so far?
    Loh HH, Sukor N
    J Hum Hypertens, 2020 01;34(1):5-15.
    PMID: 31822780 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0294-8
    Primary aldosteronism (PA), the most common cause of secondary hypertension, is a well-recognized condition that can lead to cardiovascular and renal complications. PA is frequently left undiagnosed and untreated, leading to aldosterone-specific morbidity and mortality. In this review we highlight the evidence linking PA with other conditions such as (i) diabetes mellitus, (ii) obstructive sleep apnea, and (iii) bone health, along with clinical implications and proposed underlying mechanisms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density
  20. Denosumab as a long-term palliative therapy in parathyroid carcinoma
    Tong CV, Loh LT, Hussein Z
    QJM, 2017 01;110(1):55.
    PMID: 28011854 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcw207
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Density Conservation Agents
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