Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 153 in total

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  1. Development and evaluation of omeprazole pellets fabricated by sieving-spheronization and extrusion - spheronization process
    Karim S, Baie SH, Hay YK, Bukhari NI
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2014 May;27(3):425-38.
    PMID: 24811797
    Pelletized dosage forms can be prepared by different methods which, in general, are time consuming and labor intensive. The current study was carried out to investigate the feasibility of preparing the spherical pellets of omeprazole by sieving-spheronization. An optimized formulation was also prepared by extrusion-spheronization process to compare the physical parameters between these two methods. The omeprazole pellets were consisted of microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30, sodium lauryl sulphate and polyethylene glycol 6000. The omeprazole delay release system was developed by coating the prepared pellets with aqueous dispersion of Kollicoat 30 DP. The moisture content, spheronization speed and residence time found to influence the final properties of omeprazole pellets prepared by extrusion-spheronization and sieving-spheronization. The Mann-Whitney test revealed that both methods produced closely similar characteristics of the pellets in terms of, friability (p=0.553), flowability (p=0.677), hardness (p=0.103) and density (bulk, p=0.514, tapped, p=0.149) except particle size distribution (p=0.004). The percent drug release from the coated formulation prepared by sieving-spheronization and extrusion spheronization was observed to be 84.12 ± 1.10% and 82.67 ± 0.96%, respectively. Dissolution profiles of both formulations were similar as indicated by values of f1 and f2, 1.52 and 89.38, respectively. The coated formulation prepared by sieving-spheronization and commercial reference product, Zimore ® also showed similar dissolution profiles (f1=1.22, f2=91.52). The pellets could be prepared using sieving-spheronization. The process is simple, easy, less time- and labor-consuming and economical as compared to extrusion-spheronization process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
  2. Effects of oil and drug concentrations on droplets size of palm oil esters (POEs) nanoemulsion
    Sakeena MH, Elrashid SM, Munavvar AS, Azmin MN
    J Oleo Sci, 2011;60(4):155-8.
    PMID: 21427510
    Aim of the present work is to study the effects of oil and drug concentrations on droplets size of a nanoemulsion. Newly introduced oil, palm oil esters (POEs) by Universiti Putra Malaysia researchers was selected for the oil phase of the nanoemulsion, because the oil was reported to be a good vehicle for pharmaceutical use. Nanoemulsions were prepared with different concentrations of oil and drug and their effects on droplets size were studied by laser scattering spectroscopy (Nanophox). The results of droplets size analysis shows the droplets size increase with increasing concentration of oil and drug concentrations. It can be concluded from this study, that oil and drug concentrations have an effect on the droplets size of POEs nanoemulsion system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
  3. Curcumin in a model skin lotion formulation
    Suhaimi H, Ahmad FB, Friberg SE
    J Pharm Sci, 1995 Mar;84(3):376-80.
    PMID: 7616381
    A lamellar liquid crystalline region was identified in a typical skin lotion formulation system composed of a mixture of isostearic acid and triethanolamine (TEA) at 65:35 (w/w), decane, and water (the temperature was controlled at 30 degrees C). The interlayer spacings were determined by a small-angle X-ray diffraction technique. Incorporation of a natural dye, curcumin, resulted in lower interlayer spacings and higher penetration of water into the layered structure. However, the higher penetration of water was not apparent at all compositions of isostearic acid:TEA, decane, and water.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
  4. Empagliflozin: HPLC based analytical method development and application to pharmaceutical raw material and dosage form
    M Hanif A, Bushra R, Ismail NE, Bano R, Abedin S, Alam S, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2021 May;34(3(Supplementary)):1081-1087.
    PMID: 34602436
    The current investigation is based on efficient method development for the quantification of empagliflozin in raw and pharmaceutical dosage forms, as no pharmacopoeial method for the drug is available so far. The developed analytical method was validated as per ICH guidelines. C18 column with mobile phase (pH 4.8) consisted of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid solution and acetonitrile (70:30 v/v) was used for drug analysis. The calibration plot showed good linear regression (r2>0.999) over the concentration of 0.025-30 μg mL-1. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.020 μg mL-1 and 0.061 μg mL-1, respectively. The percentage recovery was estimated between 98.0 to 100.13%. Accuracy and precision data were found to be less than 2%, indicating the suitability of method for routine analysis in pharmaceutical industries. Moreover, the drug solution was found to be stable in refrigerator and ambient room temperature with mean % accuracy of >98%. Empagliflozin contents were also tested in both the raw API and marketed tablet brands using this newly developed method. The mean assay of raw empagliflozin and tablet brands were ranged from 99.29%±1.12 to 100.95%±1.69 and 97.18%±1.59 to 98.92%±1.00 respectively. Based on these findings, the present investigated approach is suitable for quantification of empagliflozin in raw and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
  5. A review on taste masked multiparticulate dosage forms for paediatric
    Al-Japairai K, Hamed Almurisi S, Almonem Doolaanea A, Mahmood S, Alheibshy F, Alobaida A, et al.
    Int J Pharm, 2023 Feb 05;632:122571.
    PMID: 36587776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122571
    Taste refers to those sensations perceived through taste buds on the tongue and oral cavity. The unpleasant taste of drugs leads to the refusal of taking the medicine in the paediatric population. It is widely known that a pharmaceutical product's general acceptability is the result of numerous contributing components such as swallowability, palatability (taste, flavour, texture, and mouthfeel), appearance, ease of administration, and patient characteristics. Multiparticulate as a dosage form is a platform technology for overcoming paediatrics' incapacity to swallow monolithic dosage forms, masking many medications' inherent nasty taste, and overcoming the obstacles of manufacturing a commercially taste masked dosage form. This review will discuss the considerations that must be taken into account to prepare taste masked multiparticulate dosage forms in the best way for paediatric use.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
  6. Development and validation of a selective, sensitive and stability indicating UPLC-MS/MS method for rapid, simultaneous determination of six process related impurities in darunavir drug substance
    A VBR, Yusop Z, Jaafar J, Aris AB, Majid ZA, Umar K, et al.
    J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2016 Sep 05;128:141-148.
    PMID: 27262107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.026
    In this study a sensitive and selective gradient reverse phase UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of six process related impurities viz., Imp-I, Imp-II, Imp-III, Imp-IV, Imp-V and Imp-VI in darunavir. The chromatographic separation was performed on Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (50 mm×2.1mm, 1.7μm) column using gradient elution of acetonitrile-methanol (80:20, v/v) and 5.0mM ammonium acetate containing 0.01% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.4mL/min. Both negative and positive electrospray ionization (ESI) modes were operated simultaneously using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for the quantification of all six impurities in darunavir. The developed method was fully validated following ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision, robustness and sample solution stability. The method was able to quantitate Imp-I, Imp-IV, Imp-V at 0.3ppm and Imp-II, Imp-III, and Imp-VI at 0.2ppm with respect to 5.0mg/mL of darunavir. The calibration curves showed good linearity over the concentration range of LOQ to 250% for all six impurities. The correlation coefficient obtained was >0.9989 in all the cases. The accuracy of the method lies between 89.90% and 104.60% for all six impurities. Finally, the method has been successfully applied for three formulation batches of darunavir to determine the above mentioned impurities, however no impurity was found beyond the LOQ. This method is a good quality control tool for the trace level quantification of six process related impurities in darunavir during its synthesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods
  7. Vaginal drug delivery: strategies and concerns in polymeric nanoparticle development
    Wong TW, Dhanawat M, Rathbone MJ
    Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2014 Sep;11(9):1419-34.
    PMID: 24960192 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.924499
    Vaginal infection is widespread and > 80% of females encounter such infections during their lives. Topical treatment and prevention of vaginal infection allows direct therapeutic action, reduced drug doses and adverse effects, convenient administration and improved compliance. The advent of nanotechnology results in the use of nanoparticulate vehicle to control drug release, to enhance dosage form mucoadhesive properties and vaginal retention, and to promote mucus and epithelium permeation for both extracellular and intracellular drug delivery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods
  8. 1,3,5-Triazine-based analogues of purine: from isosteres to privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry
    Lim FP, Dolzhenko AV
    Eur J Med Chem, 2014 Oct 6;85:371-90.
    PMID: 25105925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.112
    Purines can be considered as the most ubiquitous and functional N-heterocyclic compounds in nature. Structural modifications of natural purines, particularly using isosteric ring systems, have been in the focus of many drug discovery programs. Fusion of 1,3,5-triazine ring with pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, 1,2,3-triazole or 1,2,4-triazole results in seven bicyclic heterocyclic systems isosteric to purine. Application of the isosterism concept for the development of new compounds with therapeutic potential in areas involving purinergic regulation or purine metabolism led to significant advances in medicinal chemistry of the azolo[1,3,5]triazines. These 1,3,5-triazine-based purine-like scaffolds significantly increase level of molecular diversity and allow covering chemical space in the important areas of medicinal chemistry. Some of these azolo[1,3,5]triazine systems have become privileged scaffolds in the development of inhibitors of various kinases, phosphodiesterase, xanthine oxidase, and thymidine phosphorylase, antagonists of adenosine and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors, anticancer and antiviral agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods*
  9. Controlled release of insulin in blood from strontium-substituted carbonate apatite complexes
    Ahmad A, Othman I, Md Zain AZ, Chowdhury EH
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2015;12(2):210-22.
    PMID: 22452407
    Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease accompanied by a multitude of problems worldwide with subcutaneously administered insulin being the most common therapy currently. Controlledrelease insulin is assumed to be of high importance for long-term glycaemic control by reducing the number of daily injections. Long-acting insulin also mimics the basal insulin levels in normal individuals that may be lacking in diabetic patients. Nanoparticles of carbonate apatite as established for efficient intracellular transport of DNA and siRNA have the potential to be used for sustained release of insulin as responsive nano-carriers. The flexibility in the synthesis of the particles over a wide range of pHs with eventual adjustment of pH-dependent particle dissolution and the manageable variability of particle-integrity by incorporating selective ions into the apatite structure are the promising features that could help in the development of sustained release formulations for insulin. In particular strontium-incorporated carbonate apatite particles were formulated and compared with those of unsubstituted apatite in the context of insulin binding and subsequent release kinetics in DMEM, simulated buffer and finally human blood over a period of 20 hours. Clearly, the former demonstated to have a stronger electrostatic affinity towards the acidic insulin molecules and facilitate to some extent sustained release of insulin by preventing the initial burst effect at physiological pH in comparison with the latter. Thus, our findings suggest that optimization of the carbonate apatite particle composition and structure would serve to design an ideal insulin nano-carrier with a controlled release profile.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods*
  10. Formulation development and optimization of a novel Cremophore EL-based nanoemulsion using ultrasound cavitation
    Tang SY, Manickam S, Wei TK, Nashiru B
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2012 Mar;19(2):330-45.
    PMID: 21835676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.07.001
    In the present study, response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was employed to investigate the influence of main emulsion composition variables, namely drug loading, oil content, emulsifier content as well as the effect of the ultrasonic operating parameters such as pre-mixing time, ultrasonic amplitude, and irradiation time on the properties of aspirin-loaded nanoemulsions. The two main emulsion properties studied as response variables were: mean droplet size and polydispersity index. The ultimate goal of the present work was to determine the optimum level of the six independent variables in which an optimal aspirin nanoemulsion with desirable properties could be produced. The response surface analysis results clearly showed that the variability of two responses could be depicted as a linear function of the content of main emulsion compositions and ultrasonic processing variables. In the present investigation, it is evidently shown that ultrasound cavitation is a powerful yet promising approach in the controlled production of aspirin nanoemulsions with smaller average droplet size in a range of 200-300 nm and with a polydispersity index (PDI) of about 0.30. This study proved that the use of low frequency ultrasound is of considerable importance in the controlled production of pharmaceutical nanoemulsions in the drug delivery system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods*
  11. Determination of aminoglutethimide enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations by capillary electrophoresis using methylated-beta-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector and computational calculation for their respective inclusion complexes
    Elbashir AA, Suliman FE, Saad B, Aboul-Enein HY
    Talanta, 2009 Feb 15;77(4):1388-93.
    PMID: 19084654 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.09.029
    A capillary electrophoretic method for the separation of the aminoglutethimide (AGT) enantiomers using methylated-beta-cyclodextrin (M-beta-CD) as chiral selector is described. Several parameters affecting the separation were studied, including the type and concentration of chiral selector, buffer pH, voltage and temperature. Good chiral separation of the racemic mixture was achieved in less than 9 min with resolution factor Rs=2.1, using a fused-silica capillary and a background electrolyte (BGE) of tris-phosphate buffer solution (50 mmol L(-1), pH 3.0) containing 30 mgm L(-1) of M-beta-CD. The separation was carried out in normal polarity mode at 25 degrees C, 16 kV and using hydrostatic injection. Acceptable validation criteria for selectivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy/recovery were included. The proposed method was successfully applied to the assay of AGT enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations. The computational calculations for the inclusion complexes of the R- and S-AGT-M-beta-CD rationalized the reasons for the different migration times between the AGT enantiomers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods*
  12. Fulltext Ethosomal nanocarriers: the impact of constituents and formulation techniques on ethosomal properties, in vivo studies, and clinical trials
    Abdulbaqi IM, Darwis Y, Khan NA, Assi RA, Khan AA
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2016;11:2279-304.
    PMID: 27307730 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S105016
    Ethosomal systems are novel lipid vesicular carriers containing a relatively high percentage of ethanol. These nanocarriers are especially designed for the efficient delivery of therapeutic agents with different physicochemical properties into deep skin layers and across the skin. Ethosomes have undergone extensive research since they were invented in 1996; new compounds were added to their initial formula, which led to the production of new types of ethosomal systems. Different preparation techniques are used in the preparation of these novel carriers. For ease of application and stability, ethosomal dispersions are incorporated into gels, patches, and creams. Highly diverse in vivo models are used to evaluate their efficacy in dermal/transdermal delivery, in addition to clinical trials. This article provides a detailed review of the ethosomal systems and categorizes them on the basis of their constituents to classical ethosomes, binary ethosomes, and transethosomes. The differences among these systems are discussed from several perspectives, including the formulation, size, ζ-potential (zeta potential), entrapment efficiency, skin-permeation properties, and stability. This paper gives a detailed review on the effects of ethosomal system constituents, preparation methods, and their significant roles in determining the final properties of these nanocarriers. Furthermore, the novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of ethosomal gels, patches, and creams are highlighted. The article also provides detailed information regarding the in vivo studies and clinical trials conducted for the evaluation of these vesicular systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods*
  13. Effect of processing methods on xylitol-starch base co-processed adjuvant for orally disintegrating tablet application
    Bin LK, Helaluddin ABM, Islam Sarker MZ, Mandal UK, Gaurav A
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2020 Mar;33(2):551-559.
    PMID: 32276897
    Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) is a friendly dosage form that requires no access to water and serves as a solution to non-compliance. There are many co-processed adjuvants available in the market. However, there is no single product possesses all the ideal characteristics such as good compressibility, fast disintegration and good palatability for ODT application. The aim of this research was to produce a xylitol-starch base co-processed adjuvant which is suitable for ODT application. Two processing methods namely wet granulation and freeze drying were used to compare the characteristics of co-processed adjuvant comprising of xylitol, starch and crospovidone XL-10 mixed at various ratios. The co-processed excipients were compressed into ODT and physically characterized for powder flow, particle size, hardness, thickness, weight, friability, in-vitro disintegration time and in-situ disintegration time, lubricant sensitivity, dilution potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. Formulation F6 was selected as the optimum formulation due to the fastest in-vitro (135.33±11.52 s) and in-situ disintegration time (88.67±13.56s) among all the formulations (p<0.05). Increase in starch component decreases disintegration time of ODT. The powder flow fell under the category of fair flow. Generally, it was observed that freeze drying method produced smaller particle size granules compared to wet granulation method. ODT produced from freeze drying method had shorter disintegration time compared to ODT from wet granulation batch. In conclusion, a novel co-processed excipient comprised of xylitol, starch and crospovidone XL-10, produced using freeze drying method with fast disintegration time, good compressibility and palatability was developed and characterized. The co-processed excipient is suitable for ODT application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods*
  14. Molecular Dynamics and Physical Stability of Pharmaceutical Co-amorphous Systems: Correlation Between Structural Relaxation Times Measured by Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts With the Width of the Glass Transition Temperature (ΔTg) and the Onset of Crystallization
    Chieng N, Teo X, Cheah MH, Choo ML, Chung J, Hew TK, et al.
    J Pharm Sci, 2019 12;108(12):3848-3858.
    PMID: 31542436 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.09.013
    The study aims to characterize the structural relaxation times of quench-cooled co-amorphous systems using Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) and to correlate the relaxation data with the onset of crystallization. Comparison was also made between the relaxation times obtained by KWW and the width of glass transition temperature (ΔTg) methods (simple and quick). Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, and polarized light microscopy were used to characterize the systems. Results showed that co-amorphous systems yielded a single Tg and ΔCp, suggesting the binary mixtures exist as a single amorphous phase. A narrow step change at Tg indicates the systems were fragile glasses. In co-amorphous nap-indo and para-indo, experimental Tgs were in good agreement with the predicted Tg. However, the Tg of co-amorphous nap-cim and indo-cim were 20°C higher than the predicted Tg, possibly due to stronger molecular interactions. Structural relaxation times below the experimental Tg were successfully characterized using the KWW and ΔTg methods. The comparison plot showed that KWW data are directly proportional to the ½ power of ΔTg data, after adjusting for a small offset. A moderate positive correlation was observed between the onset of crystallization and the KWW data. Structural relaxation times may be useful predictor of physical stability of co-amorphous systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods
  15. Conventional versus microwave assisted synthesis, molecular docking and enzyme inhibitory activities of new 3,4,5-trisubstituted-1,2,4-triazole analogues
    Virk NA, Rehman A, Abbasi MA, Siddiqui SZ, Rashid U, Iqbal J, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2018 Jul;31(4(Supplementary)):1501-1510.
    PMID: 30058542
    N-(Substituted)-5-(1-(4-methoxyphenylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio) acetamide were synthesized by following conventional as well as microwave assisted protocol through five consecutive steps under the impact of various reaction conditions to control the reaction time and the yield of product. Starting from 4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride and ethyl isonipecotate, product 3 was obtained which was converted into product 4 by treating with hydrazine hydrate. In step 3, the product 4 was refluxed with methyl isothiocyanate and KOH to yield compound 5 which was finally treated with variety of N-substituted acetamides to yield an array of different new compounds (8a-k). These synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibition potential against bovine carbonic anhydrase (bCA-II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Compound 8g demonstrated good activity against bCA-II, AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 8.69 ± 0.38 μM, 11.87±0.19 μM and 26.01±0.55 μM respectively. SAR studies assisted with molecular docking were carried out to explore the mode of binding of the compounds against the studied enzymes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods*
  16. An evaluation of crude palm oil (CPO) and tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) of palm oil as percutaneous permeation enhancers using full-thickness human skin
    Singh I, Nair RS, Gan S, Cheong V, Morris A
    Pharm Dev Technol, 2019 Apr;24(4):448-454.
    PMID: 30084268 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1509347
    The drawbacks associated with chemical skin permeation enhancers such as skin irritation and toxicity necessitated the research to focus on potential permeation enhancers with a perceived lower toxicity. Crude palm oil (CPO) is obtained by direct compression of the mesocarp of the fruit of the oil palm belonging to the genus Elaeis. In this research, CPO and tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) of palm oil were evaluated for the first time as skin permeation enhancers using full-thickness human skin. The in vitro permeation experiments were conducted using excised human skin mounted in static upright 'Franz-type' diffusion cells. The drugs selected to evaluate the enhancing effects of these palm oil derivatives were 5-fluorouracil, lidocaine and ibuprofen: compounds covering a wide range of Log p values. It was demonstrated that CPO and TRF were capable of enhancing the percutaneous permeation of drugs across full-thickness human skin in vitro. Both TRF and CPO were shown to significantly enhance the permeation of ibuprofen with flux values of 30.6 µg/cm2 h and 23.0 µg/cm2 h respectively, compared to the control with a flux of 16.2 µg/cm2 h. The outcome of this research opens further scope for investigation on the transdermal penetration enhancement activity of pure compounds derived from palm oil.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods*
  17. Emerging frontiers of deep eutectic solvents in drug discovery and drug delivery systems
    Zainal-Abidin MH, Hayyan M, Ngoh GC, Wong WF, Looi CY
    J Control Release, 2019 12 28;316:168-195.
    PMID: 31669211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.09.019
    The applications of eutectic systems, including deep eutectic solvents (DESs), in diverse sectors have drawn significant interest from researchers, academicians, engineers, medical scientists, and pharmacists. Eutecticity increases drug dissolution, improves drug penetration, and acts as a synthesis route for drug carriers. To date, DESs have been extensively explored as potential drug delivery systems on account of their unique properties such as tunability and chemical and thermal stability. This review discusses two major topics: first, the application of eutectic mixtures (before and after the introduction of DES) in the field of drug delivery systems, and second, the most promising examples of DES pharmaceutical activity. It also considers future prospects in the medical and biotechnological fields. In addition to the application of DESs in drug delivery systems, they show greatly promising pharmaceutical activities, including anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-cancer activities. Eutecticity is a valid strategy for overcoming many obstacles inherently associated with either introducing new drugs or enhancing drug delivery systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods
  18. A review of bacterial cellulose-based drug delivery systems: their biochemistry, current approaches and future prospects
    Abeer MM, Mohd Amin MC, Martin C
    J Pharm Pharmacol, 2014 Aug;66(8):1047-61.
    PMID: 24628270 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12234
    The field of pharmaceutical technology is expanding rapidly because of the increasing number of drug delivery options. Successful drug delivery is influenced by multiple factors, one of which is the appropriate identification of materials for research and engineering of new drug delivery systems. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is one such biopolymer that fulfils the criteria for consideration as a drug delivery material.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods
  19. Use of artificial neural networks to predict drug dissolution profiles and evaluation of network performance using similarity factor
    Peh KK, Lim CP, Quek SS, Khoh KH
    Pharm Res, 2000 Nov;17(11):1384-8.
    PMID: 11205731
    PURPOSE: To use artificial neural networks for predicting dissolution profiles of matrix-controlled release theophylline pellet preparation, and to evaluate the network performance by comparing the predicted dissolution profiles with those obtained from physical experiments using similarity factor.

    METHODS: The Multi-Layered Perceptron (MLP) neural network was used to predict the dissolution profiles of theophylline pellets containing different ratios of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and glyceryl monostearate (GMS). The concepts of leave-one-out as well as a time-point by time-point estimation basis were used to predict the rate of drug release for each matrix ratio. All the data were used for training, except for one set which was selected to compare with the predicted output. The closeness between the predicted and the reference dissolution profiles was investigated using similarity factor (f2).

    RESULTS: The f2 values were all above 60, indicating that the predicted dissolution profiles were closely similar to the dissolution profiles obtained from physical experiments.

    CONCLUSION: The MLP network could be used as a model for predicting the dissolution profiles of matrix-controlled release theophylline pellet preparation in product development.

    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods*
  20. Design of a 24-hour controlled porosity osmotic pump system containing PVP: formulation variables
    Yakubu R, Peh KK, Tan YT
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2009 Dec;35(12):1430-8.
    PMID: 19929202 DOI: 10.3109/03639040902988566
    The purpose of this study was to design a 24-hour controlled porosity osmotic pump system that utilizes polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as an osmotic-suspending/release retarding agent of drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods*
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