Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 62 in total

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  1. Asrami MR, Pirouzi A, Nosrati M, Hajipour A, Zahmatkesh S
    Chemosphere, 2024 Jan;347:140652.
    PMID: 37967679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140652
    Although algal-based membrane bioreactors (AMBRs) have been demonstrated to be effective in treating wastewater (landfill leachate), there needs to be more research into the effectiveness of these systems. This study aims to determine whether AMBR is effective in treating landfill leachate with hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 8, 12, 14, 16, 21, and 24 h to maximize AMBR's energy efficiency, microalgal biomass production, and removal efficiency using artificial neural network (ANN) models. Experimental results and simulations indicate that biomass production in bioreactors depends heavily on HRT. A decrease in HRT increases algal (Chlorella vulgaris) biomass productivity. Results also showed that 80% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed from algal biomass by bioreactors. To determine the most efficient way to process the features as mentioned above, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) techniques were applied. A mesophilic, suspended-thermophilic, and attached-thermophilic organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.28, 1.06, and 2 kg/m3/day was obtained for each method. Compared to suspended-thermophilic growth (3.43 kg/m3.day) and mesophilic growth (1.28 kg/m3.day), attached-thermophilic growth has a critical loading rate of 10.5 kg/m3.day. An energy audit and an assessment of the system's auto-thermality were performed at the end of the calculation using the Monod equation for biomass production rate (Y) and bacteria death constant (Kd). According to the results, a high removal level of COD (at least 4000 mg COD/liter) leads to auto-thermality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris*
  2. Ardo FM, Khoo KS, Ahmad Sobri MZ, Suparmaniam U, Ethiraj B, Anwar AF, et al.
    Environ Pollut, 2024 Apr 01;346:123648.
    PMID: 38408504 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123648
    Municipal wastewater is ubiquitously laden with myriad pollutants discharged primarily from a combination of domestic and industrial activities. These heterogeneous pollutants are threating the natural environments when the traditional activated sludge system fails sporadically to reduce the pollutants' toxicities. Besides, the activated sludge system is very energy intensive, bringing conundrums for decarbonization. This research endeavoured to employ Chlorella vulgaris sp. In converting pollutants from municipal wastewater into hydrogen via alternate light and dark fermentative process. The microalgae in attached form onto 1 cm3 of polyurethane foam cubes were adopted in optimizing light intensity and photoperiod during the light exposure duration. The highest hydrogen production was recorded at 52 mL amidst the synergistic light intensity and photoperiod of 200 μmolm-2s-1 and 12:12 h (light:dark h), respectively. At this lighting condition, the removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen were both achieved at about 80%. The sustainability of microalgal fermentative performances was verified in recyclability study using similar immobilization support material. There were negligible diminishments of hydrogen production as well as both COD and ammoniacal nitrogen removals after five cycles, heralding inconsequential microalgal cells' washout from the polyurethane support when replacing the municipal wastewater medium at each cycle. The collected dataset was finally modelled into enhanced Monod equation aided by Python software tool of machine learning. The derived model was capable to predict the performances of microalgae to execute the fermentative process in producing hydrogen while subsisting municipal wastewater at arbitrary photoperiod. The enhanced model had a best fitting of R2 of 0.9857 as validated using an independent dataset. Concisely, the outcomes had contributed towards the advancement of municipal wastewater treatment via microalgal fermentative process in producing green hydrogen as a clean energy source to decarbonize the wastewater treatment facilities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris*
  3. Atta M, Idris A, Bukhari A, Wahidin S
    Bioresour Technol, 2013 Nov;148:373-8.
    PMID: 24063820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.162
    Light quality and the intensity are key factors which render microalgae as a potential source of biodiesel. In this study the effects of various intensities of blue light and its photoperiods on the growth and lipid content of Chlorella vulgaris were investigated by using LED (Light Emitting Diode) in batch culture. C. vulgaris was grown for 13 days at three different light intensities (100, 200 and 300 μmol m(-2)s(-1)). Effect of three different light and dark regimes (12:12, 16:08 and 24:00 h Light:Dark) were investigated for each light intensity at 25°C culture temperature. Maximum lipid content (23.5%) was obtained due to high efficiency and deep penetration of 200 μmol m(-2)s(-1) of blue light (12:12 L:D) with improved specific growth (1.26 d(-1)) within reduced cultivation time of 8 days. White light could produce 20.9% lipid content in 10 days at 16:08 h L:D.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris/cytology; Chlorella vulgaris/growth & development*; Chlorella vulgaris/radiation effects*
  4. Teng SY, Loy ACM, Leong WD, How BS, Chin BLF, Máša V
    Bioresour Technol, 2019 Nov;292:121971.
    PMID: 31445240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121971
    The aim of this study is to identify the optimum thermal conversion of Chlorella vulgaris with neuro-evolutionary approach. A Progressive Depth Swarm-Evolution (PDSE) neuro-evolutionary approach is proposed to model the Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data of catalytic thermal degradation of Chlorella vulgaris. Results showed that the proposed method can generate predictions which are more accurate compared to other conventional approaches (>90% lower in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Bias Error (MBE)). In addition, Simulated Annealing is proposed to determine the optimal operating conditions for microalgae conversion from multiple trained ANN. The predicted optimum conditions were reaction temperature of 900.0 °C, heating rate of 5.0 °C/min with the presence of HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst to obtain 88.3% of Chlorella vulgaris conversion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris
  5. Taghizadeh SM, Berenjian A, Chew KW, Show PL, Mohd Zaid HF, Ramezani H, et al.
    Bioengineered, 2020 12;11(1):141-153.
    PMID: 31994978 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1718477
    Cell immobilization on the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and magnetic harvesting is a novel approach for microalgal cells separation. To date, the effect of these nanoparticles on microalgal cells was only studied over a short period of time. More studies are hence needed for a better understanding of the magnetic harvesting proposes or environmental concerns relating to long-term exposure to nanoparticles. In this study, the impact of various concentrations of MNPs on the microalgal cells growth and their metabolic status was investigated over 12 days. More than 60% reduction in mitochondrial activity and pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) content occurred during the first 6 days of exposure to ≥50 µg/mL nanoparticles. However, more than 50% growth inhibitory effect was seen at concentrations higher than 400 µg/mL. Exposure to MNPs gradually induced cellular adaptation and after about 6 days of exposure to stress generating concentrations (˂400 µg/mL) of IONs, microalgae could overcome the imposed damages. This work provides a better understanding regarding the environmental impact of MNPs and appropriate concentrations of these particles for future algal cells magnetic immobilization and harvesting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris/growth & development; Chlorella vulgaris/metabolism; Chlorella vulgaris/chemistry*
  6. Chin ZW, Arumugam K, Ashari SE, Faizal Wong FW, Tan JS, Ariff AB, et al.
    Molecules, 2020 Jul 28;25(15).
    PMID: 32731437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153416
    The biosynthesis of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals through a metabolic process known as microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) between diverse microorganisms, and organic/inorganic compounds within their immediate microenvironment, gives rise to a cementitious biomaterial that may emerge as a promissory alternative to conventional cement. Among photosynthetic microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris has been identified as one of the species capable of undergoing such activity in nature. In this study, response surface technique was employed to ascertain the optimum condition for the enhancement of biomass and CaCO3 precipitation of C. vulgaris when cultured in Blue-Green (BG)-11 aquaculture medium. Preliminary screening via Plackett-Burman Design showed that sodium nitrate (NaNO3), sodium acetate, and urea have a significant effect on both target responses (p < 0.05). Further refinement was conducted using Box-Behnken Design based on these three factors. The highest production of 1.517 g/L C. vulgaris biomass and 1.143 g/L of CaCO3 precipitates was achieved with a final recipe comprising of 8.74 mM of NaNO3, 61.40 mM of sodium acetate and 0.143 g/L of urea, respectively. Moreover, polymorphism analyses on the collected minerals through morphological examination via scanning electron microscopy and crystallographic elucidation by X-ray diffraction indicated to predominantly calcite crystalline structure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris/growth & development*
  7. Awaluddin SA, Thiruvenkadam S, Izhar S, Hiroyuki Y, Danquah MK, Harun R
    Biomed Res Int, 2016;2016:5816974.
    PMID: 27366748 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5816974
    Subcritical water extraction (SWE) technology has been used for the extraction of active compounds from different biomass materials with low process cost, mild operating conditions, short process times, and environmental sustainability. With the limited application of the technology to microalgal biomass, this work investigates parametrically the potential of subcritical water for high-yield extraction of biochemicals such as carbohydrates and proteins from microalgal biomass. The SWE process was optimized using central composite design (CCD) under varying process conditions of temperature (180-374°C), extraction time (1-20 min), biomass particulate size (38-250 μm), and microalgal biomass loading (5-40 wt.%). Chlorella vulgaris used in this study shows high volatile matter (83.5 wt.%) and carbon content (47.11 wt.%), giving advantage as a feedstock for biofuel production. The results showed maximum total carbohydrate content and protein yields of 14.2 g/100 g and 31.2 g/100 g, respectively, achieved under the process conditions of 277°C, 5% of microalgal biomass loading, and 5 min extraction time. Statistical analysis revealed that, of all the parameters investigated, temperature is the most critical during SWE of microalgal biomass for protein and carbohydrate production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris/chemistry*
  8. Suparmaniam U, Lam MK, Uemura Y, Shuit SH, Lim JW, Show PL, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2020 Feb 01;702:134995.
    PMID: 31710849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134995
    Flocculants are foreign particles that aggregate suspended microalgae cells and due to cost factor and toxicity, harvesting of microalgae biomass has shifted towards the use of bioflocculants. In this study, mild acid-extracted bioflocculants from waste chicken's eggshell and clam shell were used to harvest Chlorella vulgaris that was cultivated using chicken compost as nutrient source. It was found that a maximum of 99% flocculation efficiency can be attained at pH medium of 9.8 using 60 mg/L of hydrochloric acid-extracted chicken's eggshell bioflocculant at 50 °C of reaction temperature. On the other hand, 80 mg/L of hydrochloric acid-extracted clam shell bioflocculant was sufficient to recover C. vulgaris biomass at pH 9.8 and optimum temperature of 40 °C. The bioflocculants and bioflocs were characterized using microscopic, zeta potential, XRD, AAS and FT-IR analysis. The result revealed that calcium ions in the bioflocculants are the main contributor towards the flocculation of C. vulgaris, employing charge neutralization and sweeping as possible flocculation mechanisms. The kinetic parameters were best fitted pseudo-second order which resulted in R2 of 0.99 under optimal flocculation temperature. The results herein, disclosed the applicability of shell waste-derived bioflocculants for up-scaled microalgae harvesting for biodiesel production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris/physiology*
  9. Zainul Azlan N, Mohd Yusof YA, Alias E, Makpol S
    Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2019;2019:3520789.
    PMID: 31281573 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3520789
    Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function with ageing. With increasing life expectancy, greater attention has been given to counteracting the effects of sarcopenia on the growing elderly population. Chlorella vulgaris, a microscopic, unicellular, green alga with the potential for various pharmaceutical uses, has been widely studied in this context. This study is aimed at determining the effects of C. vulgaris on promoting muscle regeneration by evaluating myoblast regenerative capacity in vitro. Human skeletal myoblast cells were cultured and underwent serial passaging into young and senescent phases and were then treated with C. vulgaris, followed by the induction of differentiation. The ability of C. vulgaris to promote myoblast differentiation was analysed through cellular morphology, real-time monitoring, cell proliferation, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) expression, myogenic differentiation, myogenin expression, and cell cycle profiling. The results obtained showed that senescent myoblasts exhibited an enlarged and flattened morphology, with increased SA-β-gal expression, reduced myogenic differentiation, decreased expression of myogenin, and an increased percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase. Treatment with C. vulgaris resulted in decreased SA-β-gal expression and promotion of myogenic differentiation, as observed via an increased fusion index, maturation index, myotube size, and surface area and an increased percentage of cells that stained positive for myogenin. In conclusion, C. vulgaris improves the regenerative capacity of young and senescent myoblasts and promotes myoblast differentiation, indicating its potential to promote muscle regeneration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris/chemistry*
  10. Ahmad A, Bhat AH, Buang A
    Environ Technol, 2019 Jun;40(14):1793-1809.
    PMID: 29345546 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1430171
    In this study freely suspended and Ca-alginate immobilized C. vulgaris cells were used for the biosorption of Fe(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) ions, from the aqueous solution. Experimental data showed that biosorption capacity of algal cells was strongly dependent on the operational condition such as pH, initial metal ions concentration, dosages, contact time and temperature. The maximum biosorption of Fe(II) 43.43, Mn(II) 40.98 and Zn(II) 37.43 mg/g was achieved with Ca-alginate immobilized algal cells at optimum pH of 6.0, algal cells dosage 0.6 g/L, and contact time of 450 min at room temperature. The biosorption efficiency of freely suspended and immobilized C. vulgaris cells for heavy metals removal from the industrial wastewater was validated. Modeling of biosorption kinetics showed good agreements with pseudo-second-order. Langmuir and D-R isotherm models exhibited the best fit of experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) revealed that the biosorption of considered metal ions was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic at 25-45°C. The SEM showed porous morphology which greatly helps in the biosorption of heavy metals. The Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and X-rays Photon Spectroscopy (XPS) data spectra indicated that the functional groups predominately involved in the biosorption were C-N, -OH, COO-, -CH, C=C, C=S and -C-. These results shows that immobilized algal cells in alginate beads could potentially enhance the biosorption of considered metal ions than freely suspended cells. Furthermore, the biosorbent has significantly removed heavy metals from industrial wastewater at the optimized condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris*
  11. Jusoh M, Loh SH, Aziz A, Cha TS
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2019 Jun;188(2):450-459.
    PMID: 30536033 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-02937-4
    Microalgae lipids and oils are potential candidates for renewable biofuels and nutritional inventions. Recent studies from our lab have shown that two plant hormones, auxin and jasmonic acid, influence microalgae growth and fatty acid accumulation. Therefore, in this study, a high oil-producing strain Chlorella vulgaris UMT-M1 was selected for hormonal study using gibberellin (GA). Exogenous GA3 was applied to early stationary culture of C. vulgaris UMT-M1. Results showed that GA3 gradually increases the cell density of C. vulgaris to up to 42% on days after treatment (DAT)-8 and also capable of delaying the algal senescence. However, the increment in cell density did not enhance the total oil production albeit transient modification of fatty acid compositions was observed for saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. This illustrates that GA3 only promotes cell division and growth but not the oil accumulation. In addition, application of GA3 in culture medium was shown to promote transient increment of palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids from DAT-4 to DAT-6 and these changes are correlated with the expression of β-ketoacyl ACP synthase I (KAS I) gene.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris/drug effects*; Chlorella vulgaris/genetics; Chlorella vulgaris/metabolism*
  12. Loh SH, Chen MK, Fauzi NS, Aziz A, Cha TS
    Sci Rep, 2021 Feb 01;11(1):2720.
    PMID: 33526809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81609-6
    Conventional microalgae oil extraction applies physicochemical destruction of dry cell biomass prior to transesterification process to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). This report presents a simple and rapid direct transesterification (DT) method for FAMEs production and fatty acid profiling of microalgae using freshly harvested biomass. Results revealed that the FAMEs recovered from Chlorella vulgaris were 50.1 and 68.3 mg with conventional oil-extraction-transesterification (OET) and DT method, respectively. While for Messastrum gracile, the FAMEs recovered, were 49.9 and 76.3 mg, respectively with OET and DT methods. This demonstrated that the DT method increased FAMEs recovery by 36.4% and 53.0% from C. vulgaris and M. gracile, respectively, as compared to OET method. Additionally, the DT method recovered a significantly higher amount of palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids from both species, which indicated the important role of these fatty acids in the membranes of cells and organelles. The DT method performed very well using a small volume (5 mL) of fresh biomass coupled with a shorter reaction time (~ 15 min), thus making real-time monitoring of FAMEs and fatty acid accumulation in microalgae culture feasible.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris
  13. Teh KY, Loh SH, Aziz A, Takahashi K, Effendy AWM, Cha TS
    Sci Rep, 2021 01 11;11(1):438.
    PMID: 33432049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79950-3
    Mangrove-dwelling microalgae are well adapted to frequent encounters of salinity fluctuations across their various growth phases but are lesser studied. The current study explored the adaptive changes (in terms of biomass, oil content and fatty acid composition) of mangrove-isolated C. vulgaris UMT-M1 cultured under different salinity levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 ppt). The highest total oil content was recorded in cultures at 15 ppt salinity (63.5% of dry weight) with uncompromised biomass productivity, thus highlighting the 'trigger-threshold' for oil accumulation in C. vulgaris UMT-M1. Subsequently, C. vulgaris UMT-M1 was further assessed across different growth phases under 15 ppt. The various short, medium and long-chain fatty acids (particularly C20:0), coupled with a high level of C18:3n3 PUFA reported at early exponential phase represents their physiological importance during rapid cell growth. Accumulation of C18:1 and C18:2 at stationary growth phase across all salinities was seen as cells accumulating substrate for C18:3n3 should the cells anticipate a move from stationary phase into new growth phase. This study sheds some light on the possibility of 'triggered' oil accumulation with uninterrupted growth and the participation of various fatty acid types upon salinity mitigation in a mangrove-dwelling microalgae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris/drug effects; Chlorella vulgaris/growth & development; Chlorella vulgaris/metabolism*
  14. Chen CY, Lee PJ, Tan CH, Lo YC, Huang CC, Show PL, et al.
    Biotechnol J, 2015 Jun;10(6):905-14.
    PMID: 25865941 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400594
    Fish meal is currently the major protein source for commercial aquaculture feed. Due to its unstable supply and increasing price, fish meal is becoming more expensive and its availability is expected to face significant challenges in the near future. Therefore, feasible alternatives to fish meal are urgently required. Microalgae have been recognized as the most promising candidates to replace fish meal because the protein composition of microalgae is similar to fish meal and the supply of microalgae-based proteins is sustainable. In this study, an indigenous microalga (Chlorella vulgaris FSP-E) with high protein content was selected, and its feasibility as an aquaculture protein source was explored. An innovative photobioreactor (PBR) utilizing cold cathode fluorescent lamps as an internal light source was designed to cultivate the FSP-E strain for protein production. This PBR could achieve a maximum biomass and protein productivity of 699 and 365 mg/L/day, respectively, under an optimum urea and iron concentration of 12.4 mM and 90 μM, respectively. In addition, amino acid analysis of the microalgal protein showed that up to 70% of the proteins in this microalgal strain consist of indispensable amino acids. Thus, C. vulgaris FSP-E appears to be a viable alternative protein source for the aquaculture industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris/metabolism*; Chlorella vulgaris/chemistry
  15. Yaacob NS, Ahmad MF, Kawasaki N, Maniyam MN, Abdullah H, Hashim EF, et al.
    Molecules, 2021 Jan 27;26(3).
    PMID: 33513787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030653
    Soil extracts are useful nutrients to enhance the growth of microalgae. Therefore, the present study attempts for the use of virgin soils from Peninsular Malaysia as growth enhancer. Soils collected from Raja Musa Forest Reserve (RMFR) and Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR) were treated using different extraction methods. The total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the autoclave methods were relatively higher than natural extraction with up to 132.0 mg N/L, 10.7 mg P/L, and 2629 mg C/L, respectively for RMFR. The results of TDN, TDP, and DOC suggested that the best extraction methods are autoclaved at 121 °C twice with increasing 87%, 84%, and 95%, respectively. Chlorella vulgaris TRG 4C dominated the growth at 121 °C twice extraction method in the RMRF and AHRF samples, with increasing 54.3% and 14%, respectively. The specific growth rate (µ) of both microalgae were relatively higher, 0.23 d-1 in the Ayer Hitam Soil. This extract served well as a microalgal growth promoter, reducing the cost and the needs for synthetic medium. Mass production of microalgae as aquatic feed will be attempted eventually. The high recovery rate of nutrients has a huge potential to serve as a growth promoter for microalgae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris/drug effects; Chlorella vulgaris/growth & development
  16. Cha TS, Yee W, Phua PSP, Loh SH, Aziz A
    Biotechnol Lett, 2021 Apr;43(4):803-812.
    PMID: 33438120 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03077-2
    OBJECTIVE: The effects of a brief (3 days) and prolonged (6 days) period of incubation in darkness and light on the biomass content, lipid content and fatty acid profile in Chlorella vulgaris UMT-M1 were determined.

    RESULTS: Three days of incubation in darkness increased saturated fatty acid (SFA) content from 34.0 to 41.4% but decreased monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content from 36.7 to 29.8%. Palmitic acid (C16:0) content was increased from 23.2 to 28.9%, whereas oleic acid (C18:1) content was reduced from 35.4 to 28.8%. Total oil content was slightly decreased from 20.4 to 18.7% after 3 days of darkness, without a significant reduction in biomass compared to 3 days of incubation in light. Biomass and oil content was highest in cultures incubated for 6 days in light, however the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of darkness (or light) on SFA and MUFA content was no longer present at 6 days of incubation.

    CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study suggests that fatty acid composition in C. vulgaris could be modulated to favor either C16:0 or C18:1 by a brief period of either darkness or light incubation, prior to harvesting.

    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris/growth & development*; Chlorella vulgaris/metabolism
  17. Lim SL, Chu WL, Phang SM
    Bioresour Technol, 2010 Oct;101(19):7314-22.
    PMID: 20547057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.092
    The potential application of Chlorella vulgaris UMACC 001 for bioremediation of textile wastewater (TW) was investigated using four batches of cultures in high rate algae ponds (HRAP) containing textile dye (Supranol Red 3BW) or TW. The biomass attained ranged from 0.17 to 2.26 mg chlorophyll a/L while colour removal ranged from 41.8% to 50.0%. There was also reduction of NH(4)-N (44.4-45.1%), PO(4)-P (33.1-33.3%) and COD (38.3-62.3%) in the TW. Supplementation of the TW with nutrients of Bold's Basal Medium (BBM) increased biomass production but did not improve colour removal or reduction of pollutants. The mechanism of colour removal by C. vulgaris is biosorption, in accordance with both the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The HRAP using C. vulgaris offers a good system for the polishing of TW before final discharge.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris/growth & development; Chlorella vulgaris/metabolism*
  18. Yee CS, Okomoda VT, Hashim F, Waiho K, Sheikh Abdullah SR, Alamanjo C, et al.
    PeerJ, 2021;9:e11217.
    PMID: 33981498 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11217
    This study investigated the effect of co-culturing microalgae with a floc-forming bacterium. Of the six microalgae isolated from a biofloc sample, only Thalassiosira weissflogii, Chlamydomonas sp. and Chlorella vulgaris were propagated successfully in Conway medium. Hence, these species were selected for the experiment comparing microalgae axenic culture and co-culture with the floc-forming bacterium, Bacillus infantis. Results obtained showed that the co-culture had higher microalgae biomass compared to the axenic culture. A similar trend was also observed concerning the lipid content of the microalgae-bacterium co-cultures. The cell number of B. infantis co-cultured with T. weissflogii increased during the exponential stage until the sixth day, but the other microalgae species experienced a significant early reduction in cell density of the bacteria at the exponential stage. This study represents the first attempt at co-culturing microalgae with B. infantis, a floc-forming bacterium, and observed increased biomass growth and lipid accumulation compared to the axenic culture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris
  19. Teh KY, Afifudeen CLW, Aziz A, Wong LL, Loh SH, Cha TS
    Data Brief, 2019 Dec;27:104680.
    PMID: 31720332 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104680
    Interest in harvesting potential benefits from microalgae renders it necessary to have the many ecological niches of a single species to be investigated. This dataset comprises de novo whole genome assembly of two mangrove-isolated microalgae (from division Chlorophyta); Chlorella vulgaris UMT-M1 and Messastrum gracile SE-MC4 from Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia. Library runs were carried out with 2 × 150 base paired-ends reads, whereas sequencing was conducted using Illumina Novaseq 2500 platform. Sequencing yielded raw reads amounting to ∼11 Gb in total bases for both species and was further assembled de novo. Genome assembly resulted in a 50.15 Mbp and 60.83 Mbp genome size for UMT-M1 and SE-MC4, respectively. All filtered and assembled genomic data sequences have been submitted to National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and can be located at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession of VJNP00000000 (UMT-M1) and VIYE00000000 (SE-MC4).
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris
  20. Ghanbariasad A, Taghizadeh SM, Show PL, Nomanbhay S, Berenjian A, Ghasemi Y, et al.
    Bioengineered, 2019 12;10(1):390-396.
    PMID: 31495263 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1661692
    FeOOH nanoparticles are commonly synthesized at very high temperature and pressure that makes the process energy consuming and non-economic. Recently, novel approaches were developed for the fabrication of these particles at room temperature. But, the main problem with these methods is that the prepared structures are aggregates of ultra-small nanoparticles where no intact separate nanoparticles are formed. In this study, for the first time, secretory compounds from Chlorella vulgaris cells were employed for the controlled synthesis of FeOOH nanoparticles at room atmosphere. Obtained particles were found to be goethite (α-FeO(OH)) crystals. Controlled synthesis of FeOOH nanoparticles resulted in uniform spherical nanoparticles ranging from 8 to 17 nm in diameter with 12.8 nm mean particle size. Fourier-transform infrared and elemental analyses were indicated that controlled synthesized nanoparticles have not functionalized with secretory compounds of C. vulgaris, and these compounds just played a controlling role over the synthesis reaction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlorella vulgaris/chemistry*
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