Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 41 in total

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  1. The anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of Korean black ginseng
    Lee YY, Saba E, Irfan M, Kim M, Chan JY, Jeon BS, et al.
    Phytomedicine, 2019 Feb 15;54:169-181.
    PMID: 30668366 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.186
    BACKGROUND: Different processing conditions alter the ginseng bioactive compounds, promoting or reducing its anti-inflammatory effects. We compared black ginseng (BG) - that have been steamed 5 times - with red ginseng (RG).

    HYPOTHESIS/ PURPOSE: To compare the anti-inflammatory activities and the anti-nociceptive properties of RG and BG.

    METHODS: Nitric Oxide (NO) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay, quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema RESULTS: The ginsenoside contents were confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and has been altered through increased processing. The highest concentration of these extracts inhibited NO production to near-basal levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 without exhibiting cytotoxicity. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression at the mRNA level was investigated using qRT-PCR. Comparatively, BG exhibited better inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators, iNOS and COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Protein expression was determined using western blot analysis and BG exhibited stronger inhibition. Xylene-induced ear edema model in mice and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats were carried out and tested with the effects of ginseng as well as dexamethasone and indomethacin - commonly used drugs. BG is a more potent anti-inflammatory agent, possesses anti-nociceptive properties, and has a strong potency comparable to the NSAIDs.

    CONCLUSION: BG has more potent anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects due to the change in ginsenoside component with increased processing.

    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  2. Fulltext Long term treatment by mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium modulates cellular, molecular and behavioral aspects of adjuvant-induced arthritis
    Nazemian V, Manaheji H, Sharifi AM, Zaringhalam J
    Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand), 2018 Jan 31;64(1):19-26.
    PMID: 29412789 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2018.64.2.5
    Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in expression of symptoms of numerous autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases such as pain during rheumatoid arthritis. Overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of intracellular signaling pathways have been strongly implicated in the generation of pathological pain states, particularly at central nervous system sites and induction of spinal neuroinflammatory symptoms. The wide ranges of research to define new therapeutic approaches, including neuroimmune-modulators like stem cells are in progress. Mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium (MSC-CM) has anti-inflammatory factors which can regulate the immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of administration of MSC-CM on behavioral, cellular and molecular aspects of adjuvant-induced arthritis in male Wistar rats. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis (AA) was caused by single subcutaneous injection of CFA into the rat's hind paw on day 0. MSC-CM was administered daily (i.p.) and during the 21 days of the study after injection. Hyperalgesia, Edema, Serum TNF-α levels and p38MAPK and NF-κB activities were assessed on days 0,7,14 and 21 of the study. The results of this study indicated the role of MSC-CM in reducing inflammatory symptoms, serum TNF-α levels and activity of intracellular signaling pathway factors during different phases of inflammation caused by CFA. It seems that MSC-CM treatment due to its direct effects on inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways and pro-inflammatory cytokines can alleviate inflammatory symptoms and pain during CFA-induced arthritis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  3. Impact of Eucalyptus maculata Hook resin exudate constituents on reducing COX-2 gene expression: In-vivo anti-inflammatory, molecular docking and dynamics studies
    Sabry MM, Abdel-Rahman RF, Fayed HM, Taher AT, Ogaly HA, Albohy A, et al.
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2023 Oct 05;314:116631.
    PMID: 37172920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116631
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Eucalyptus maculata Hook from the Myrtaceae family is a native Australian plant that is frequently cultivated in Egypt. Many Eucalyptus species, including E. maculata, were widely used by the Dharawal, the indigenous Australian people, for their anti-inflammatory properties.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of E. maculata resin exudate, its methylene chloride and n-butanol fractions, as well as the isolated compounds.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: the ethanol extract was partitioned by methylene chloride, and n-butanol saturated with water. The fractions were chromatographed to isolate pure compounds. In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract, the fractions at a dose of 200 mg/kg, and the isolated compounds (20 mg/kg) was estimated using carrageenan-induced rat paws edema method against indomethacin (20 mg/kg). The activity was supported by histopathological and biochemical parameters.

    RESULTS: Three isolated compounds were identified as aromadendrin (C1), 7-O-methyl aromadendrin (C2), and naringenin (C3). Our findings demonstrated that the tested fractions significantly reduced the paw edema starting from the 3rd to the 5th hour as compared to the positive control, compounds C2 and C3 showed the greatest significant reduction in paw edema. The ethanol extract, fractions, C2, and C3 demonstrated an anti-inflammatory potential through reducing the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2, as well as COX-2 protein expression compared to the negative control. These results were supported by molecular docking, which revealed that the isolated compounds had high affinity to target COX-1 and COX-2 active sites with docking scores ranging from -7.3 to -9.6 kcal mol-1 when compared to ibubrofen (-7.8 and -7.4 kcal mol-1, respectively). Molecular dynamics simulations were also performed and confirmed the docking results.

    CONCLUSION: The results supported the traditional anti-inflammatory potency of E. maculata Hook, and the biochemical mechanisms underlying this activity were highlighted, opening up new paths for the development of potent herbal anti-inflammatory medicine. Finally, our findings revealed that E. maculata resin constituents could be considered as promising anti-inflammatory drug candidates.

    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  4. Fulltext Suppressions of serotonin-induced increased vascular permeability and leukocyte infiltration by Bixa orellana leaf extract
    Yong YK, Sulaiman N, Hakim MN, Lian GE, Zakaria ZA, Othman F, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2013;2013:463145.
    PMID: 24224164 DOI: 10.1155/2013/463145
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of Bixa orellana (AEBO) leaves and its possible mechanisms in animal models. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was evaluated using serotonin-induced rat paw edema, increased peritoneal vascular permeability, and leukocyte infiltrations in an air-pouch model. Nitric oxide (NO), indicated by the sum of nitrites and nitrates, and vascular growth endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured in paw tissues of rats to determine their involvement in the regulation of increased permeability. Pretreatments with AEBO (50 and 150 mg kg⁻¹) prior to serotonin inductions resulted in maximum inhibitions of 56.2% of paw volume, 45.7% of Evans blue dye leakage in the peritoneal vascular permeability model, and 83.9% of leukocyte infiltration in the air-pouch model. 57.2% maximum inhibition of NO and 27% of VEGF formations in rats' paws were observed with AEBO at the dose of 150 mg kg⁻¹. Pharmacological screening of the extract showed significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity, indicated by the suppressions of increased vascular permeability and leukocyte infiltration. The inhibitions of these inflammatory events are probably mediated via inhibition of NO and VEGF formation and release.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  5. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of columbin through the inhibition of cycloxygenase-2 and nitric oxide but not the suppression of NF-κB translocation
    Ibrahim Abdelwahab S, Syaed Koko W, Mohamed Elhassan Taha M, Mohan S, Achoui M, Ameen Abdulla M, et al.
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2012 Mar 5;678(1-3):61-70.
    PMID: 22227329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.024
    Columbin, a diterpenoid furanolactone, was isolated purely for the first time from the plant species Tinspora bakis. The anti-inflammatory effects of columbin were studied in vitro, in silico and in vivo. The effect of columbin on nitric oxide was examined on lipopolysaccharide-interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN) induced RAW264.7 macrophages. In vitro and in silico cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory activities of columbin using biochemical kit and molecular docking, respectively, were investigated. Mechanism of columbin in suppressing NF-kappaB-translocation was tested using Cellomics®NF-κB activation assay and ArrayScan Reader in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, effects of columbin in vivo that were done on carrageenan-induced mice paw-oedema were tested. Lastly, the in vitro and in vivo toxicities of columbin were examined on human liver cells and mice, respectively. Treatment with columbin or N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) inhibited LPS/IFN-γ-induced NO production without affecting the viability of RAW264.7. Pre-treatment of stimulated cells with columbin did not inhibit the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus in LPS-stimulated cells. COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activities of columbin were 63.7±6.4% and 18.8±1.5% inhibition at 100μM, respectively. Molecular docking study further helped in supporting the observed COX-2 selectivity. Whereby, the interaction of columbin with Tyr385 and Arg120 signifies its higher activity in COX-2, as Tyr385 was reported to be involved in the abstraction of hydrogen from C-13 of arachidonate, and Arg120 is critical for high affinity arachidonate binding. Additionally, columbin inhibited oedema formation in mice paw. Lastly, the compound was observed to be safe in vitro and in vivo. This study presents columbin as a potential anti-inflammatory drug.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  6. Evaluation of extemporaneously manufactured topical gels containing aceclofenac on inflammation and hyperalgesia in rats
    Pabreja K, Dua K, Padi SS
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2010 Oct;7(4):324-8.
    PMID: 20695843
    The systemic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which act by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) is severely hampered by gastric and peptic ulcers. The topical delivery of NSAIDs has the advantages of avoiding gastric and peptic ulcers and delivering the drug to the inflammation site. Importance of aceclofenac as a new generational NSAID has inspired the development of topical dosage forms. This mode of administration may help to avoid typical side effects of NSAIDs associated with oral and systemic administration such as gastric irritation, particularly diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal pain and flatulence. The aim of this study was to formulate topical gel containing 1% of aceclofenac in carbopol and PEG base and to evaluate it for analgesic and antiinflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia and paw oedema in rats. Carrageenan administration into the hind paw produced a significant inflammation associated with hyperalgesia as shown by decreased rat paw withdrawal latency in response to a thermal stimulus (47+/-0.5 degrees C) 4 h after carrageenan injection. Topical application of AF1 significantly attenuated the development of hypersensitivity to thermal stimulus as compared to control (P<0.05) and other formulation treated groups (P<0.05). All the AF semisolid formulations, when applied topically 2 h before carrageenan administration, inhibited paw edema in a timedependent manner with maximum percent edema inhibition of 80.33+/-2.52 achieved with AF1 after 5 h of carrageenan administration However, topical application of AF2 markedly prevented the development of edema as compared to other formulation (AF2 and AF3) treated groups (P<0.05). Among all the semisolid formulations, Carbopol gel base was found to be most suitable dermatological base for aceclofenac.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  7. Aceclofenac topical dosage forms: in vitro and in vivo characterization
    Dua K, Pabreja K, Ramana MV
    Acta Pharm, 2010 Dec;60(4):467-78.
    PMID: 21169138 DOI: 10.2478/v1007-010-0036-5
    Aceclofenac is a new generation non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug showing effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is available in the form of tablets of 100 mg. Importance of aceclofenac as a NSAID has inspired development of topical dosage forms. This mode of administration may help avoid typical side effects associated with oral administration of NSAIDs, which have led to its withdrawal. Furthermore, aceclofenac topical dosage forms can be used as a supplement to oral therapy for better treatment of conditions such as arthritis. Ointments, creams, and gels containing 1% (m/m) aceclofenac have been prepared. They were tested for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, extrudability, drug content uniformity, in vitro diffusion and in vitro permeation. Gels prepared using Carbopol 940 (AF2, AF3) and macrogol bases (AF7) were selected after the analysis of the results. They were evaluated for acute skin irritancy, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects using the carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia and paw edema method. AF2 was shown to be significantly (p < 0.05) more effective in inhibiting hyperalgesia associated with inflammation, compared to AF3 and AF7. Hence, AF2 may be suggested as an alternative to oral preparations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  8. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of ketoprofen in palm oil esters nanoemulsion
    Sakeena MH, Yam MF, Elrashid SM, Munavvar AS, Azmin MN
    J Oleo Sci, 2010;59(12):667-71.
    PMID: 21099145
    Ketoprofen is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug has been used in the treatment of various kinds of pains, inflammation and arthritis. However, oral administration of ketoprofen produces serious gastrointestinal adverse effects. One of the promising methods to overcome these adverse effects is to administer the drug through the skin. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects from topically applied ketoprofen entrapped palm oil esters (POEs) based nanoemulsion and to compare with market ketoprofen product, Fastum(®) gel. The novelty of this study is, use of POEs for the oil phase of nanoemulsion. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies were performed on rats by carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema test and carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia pain threshold test to compare the ketoprofen entrapped POEs based nanoemulsion formulation and market formulation. Results indicated that there are no significant different between ketoprofen entrapped POEs nanoemulsion and market formulation in carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema study and carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia pain threshold study. However, it shows a significant different between POEs nanoemulsion formulation and control group in these studies at p<0.05. From these results it was concluded that the developed nanoemulsion have great potential for topical application of ketoprofen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  9. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of Kaempferia galanga leaves in animal models
    Sulaiman MR, Zakaria ZA, Daud IA, Ng FN, Ng YC, Hidayat MT
    J Nat Med, 2008 Apr;62(2):221-7.
    PMID: 18404328 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-007-0210-3
    This study was performed to determine the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of Kaempferia galanga leaves using various animal models. The extract, in the doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, was prepared by soaking (1:10; w/v) the air-dried powdered leaves (40 g) in distilled water (dH(2)O) for 72 h and administered subcutaneously in mice/rats 30 min prior to the tests. The extract exhibited significant (P < 0.05) antinociceptive activity when assessed using the abdominal constriction, hot-plate and formalin tests, with activity observed in all tests occurring in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the antinociceptive activity of K. galanga extract was significantly (P < 0.05) reversed when prechallenged with 10 mg/kg naloxone. The extract also produced a significantly (P < 0.05) dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity when assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw-edema test. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that K. galanga leaves possessed antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and thus supports the Malay's traditional uses of the plant for treatments of mouth ulcer, headache, sore throat, etc.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  10. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties of an aqueous extract of Dicranopteris linearis leaves in experimental animal models
    Zakaria ZA, Ghani ZD, Nor RN, Gopalan HK, Sulaiman MR, Jais AM, et al.
    J Nat Med, 2008 Apr;62(2):179-87.
    PMID: 18404320 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-007-0224-x
    This study was performed out to establish the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties of an aqueous extract of Dicranopteris linearis leaves in experimental animals. The antinociceptive activity was measured using the abdominal constriction, hot plate, and formalin tests. The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities were measured using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests, respectively. The extract, obtained after 72 h soaking of the air-dried leaves in distilled water and then prepared in the doses of 13.2, 66.0, 132.0, and 660.0 mg/kg, was administered subcutaneously 30 min before subjecting the animals to the assays mentioned above. Generally, the extract, at all doses used, was found to have significant (P < 0.05) concentration-independent antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic activity. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of D. linearis has antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity, supporting previous claims of its traditional use by the Malays to treat various ailments, particularly fever.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  11. Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of Trigonopleura malayana resin in experimental animal models
    Sulaiman MR, Zakaria ZA, Kamaruddin A, Meng TF, Ali DI, Moin S
    Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 2008 Nov;30(9):691-6.
    PMID: 19229377 DOI: 10.1358/mf.2008.30.9.1305824
    Trigonopleura malayana L. (Euphorbiaceae) resin, locally known as Gambir Sarawak, has been used traditionally to alleviate pain associated with insect bites, muscle ache, toothache and minor injuries. The present study was carried out using various animal models to determine the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities of the T. malayana resin aqueous extract. Antinociceptive activity was measured using the abdominal constriction, hot plate and formalin tests, while antiinflammatory activity was measured using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. The extract, obtained after 24 h of soaking the dried resin in distilled water, was prepared in doses of 0.3, 3 and 10 mg/kg and administered subcutaneously 30 min prior to the assays. The mechanism of action was also determined by prechallenging with naloxone (10 mg/kg), a nonselective opioid antagonist. The extract was found to exhibit significant (P < 0.05) and dose-dependent antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities; naloxone failed to inhibit the former activity. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of T. malayana resin possesses nonopioid antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities, thus supporting previous claims regarding its traditional use by the Malays to treat various ailments, particularly those related to pain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  12. Antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties of Channa striatus fillet aqueous and lipid-based extracts in rats
    Zakaria ZA, Kumar GH, Mat Jais AM, Sulaiman MR, Somchit MN
    Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 2008 Jun;30(5):355-62.
    PMID: 18806894 DOI: 10.1358/mf.2008.30.5.1186084
    The present study was carried out to elucidate the antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties of the aqueous and lipid-based extracts of Channa striatus fillet in rats. The antinociceptive activity was assessed using the formalin test, and the antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities were assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests, respectively. Both types of extracts were prepared in concentrations of 10%, 50% and 100% by serial dilution in distilled water or dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively, and were administered subcutaneously 30 min prior to each test. Except for the 10% aqueous extract which exhibits activity only in the early phase, the extracts were found to exhibit significant (P < 0.05) activity in the early and late phases of the formalin test. Furthermore, the aqueous and lipid-based extracts were also found to show significant (P < 0.05) antiinflammatory activity, with the former showing a greater effect at the lowest concentration used. The lipidbased, but not the aqueous, extract was found to have significant (P < 0.05) activity in the pyrexia test. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that C. striatus extracts possess antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  13. N-acetylcysteine offers cardioprotection by decreasing cardiac lipid hydroperoxides and 8-isoprostane level in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats
    Haleagrahara N, Julian V, Chakravarthi S
    Cardiovasc Toxicol, 2011 Dec;11(4):373-81.
    PMID: 21796404 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9132-0
    This study investigated the cardioprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, NAC alone (100 mg/kg BW orally for 14 days), ISO-control (85 mg/kg BW), and ISO with NAC (for 14 days). Serum creatine kinase-MB and Lactate dehydrogenase were measured. From the heart homogenate lipid hydroperoxides (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione (GSH), and 8-isoprostane (IP) were measured. Histopathological examination of the heart was also carried out. There was a significant increase (P edema. NAC treatment successfully reduced these histopathological changes. In conclusion, the study proves that NAC has a strong cardioprotective effect against isoproterenol-induced cardiac changes. NAC decreases isoproterenol-induced LPO and IP levels in the heart tissue and prevented free radicals-induced damage to the myocardium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  14. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of Melastoma malabathricum leaves aqueous extract in experimental animals
    Zakaria ZA, Raden Mohd Nor RN, Hanan Kumar G, Abdul Ghani ZD, Sulaiman MR, Rathna Devi G, et al.
    Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 2006 Dec;84(12):1291-9.
    PMID: 17487238
    The present study was carried out to establish the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties of the aqueous extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves in experimental animals. The antinociceptive activity was measured using abdominal constriction, hot-plate, and formalin tests, whereas the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities were measured using carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests, respectively. The extract, which was obtained after soaking the air-dried leaves in distilled water for 72 h and then preparing in concentrations of 10%, 50%, and 100% (v/v), was administered subcutaneously 30 min prior to subjection to the above mentioned assays. At all concentrations tested, the extract was found to exhibit significant (P < 0.05) antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities in a concentration-independent manner. Our findings that the aqueous extract of M. malabathricum possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities supports previous claims on its traditional uses to treat various ailments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  15. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of novel oral aspirin-loaded nanoemulsion and nano multiple emulsion formulations generated using ultrasound cavitation
    Tang SY, Sivakumar M, Ng AM, Shridharan P
    Int J Pharm, 2012 Jul 1;430(1-2):299-306.
    PMID: 22503988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.03.055
    The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of novel aspirin oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) nano multiple emulsion formulations generated using ultrasound cavitation techniques. The anti-inflammatory activities of nanoemulsion and nano multiple emulsion were determined using the λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The analgesic activities of both nanoformulations were determined using acetic acid-induced writhing response and hot plate assay. For comparison, the effect of pretreatment with blank nanoemulsion and reference aspirin suspension were also studied for their anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. The results showed that oral administration of nanoemulsion and nano multiple emulsion containing aspirin (60 mg/kg) significantly reduced paw edema induced by λ-carrageenan injection. Both nanoformulations decreased the number of abdominal constriction in acetic acid-induced writhing model. Pretreatment with nanoformulations led to a significant increase in reaction time in hot plate assay. Nanoemulsion demonstrated an enhanced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects compared to reference suspension while nano multiple emulsion exhibited a mild inhibitory effects in the three experimental animal model tests. The results obtained for nano multiple emulsion were relatively lower than reference. However, administration of blank nanoemulsion did not alter the nociceptive response significantly though it showed slight anti-inflammatory effect. These experimental studies suggest that nanoemulsion and nano multiple emulsion produced a pronounced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in rats and may be candidates as new nanocarriers for pharmacological NSAIDs in the treatment of inflammatory disorders and alleviating pains.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  16. Cardamonin (2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone) isolated from Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. inhibits CFA-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats
    Voon FL, Sulaiman MR, Akhtar MN, Idris MF, Akira A, Perimal EK, et al.
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2017 Jan 05;794:127-134.
    PMID: 27845065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.009
    Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. had been traditionally used as herbs to treat pain and rheumatism. Cardamonin (2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone) is a compound isolated from Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf.. Previous study had shown the potential of cardamonin in inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in vitro. Thus, the possible therapeutic effect of cardamonin in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joints is postulated. This study was performed to investigate the anti-arthritic properties of cardamonin in rat model of induced RA, particularly on the inflammatory and pain response of RA. Rheumatoid arthritis paw inflammation was induced by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in Sprague Dawley rats. Using four doses of cardamonin (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0mg/kg), anti-arthritic activity was evaluated through the paw edema, mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia responses. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to evaluate the plasma level of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Histological slides were prepared from the harvested rat paws to observe the arthritic changes in the joints. Behavioral, biochemical, and histological studies showed that cardamonin demonstrated significant inhibition on RA-induced inflammatory and pain responses as well as progression of joint destruction in rats. ELISA results showed that there was significant inhibition in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in plasma of the cardamonin-treated RA rats. Overall, cardamonin possesses potential anti-arthritic properties in CFA-induced RA rat model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  17. Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Therapy Attenuates Neurotoxicity of Methanol-Induced Memory Impairment and Apoptosis in The Hippocampus
    Ghanbari A, Zibara K, Salari S, Ghareghani M, Rad P, Mohamed W, et al.
    CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets, 2018;17(7):528-538.
    PMID: 29968547 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666180703111643
    BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The adolescent brain has a higher vulnerability to alcoholinduced neurotoxicity, compared to adult's brain. Most studies have investigated the effect of ethanol consumption on the body, however, methanol consumption, which peaked in the last years, is still poorly explored.

    METHOD: In this study, we investigated the effects of methanol neurotoxicity on memory function and pathological outcomes in the hippocampus of adolescent rats and examined the efficacy of Light- Emitting Diode (LED) therapy. Methanol induced neurotoxic rats showed a significant decrease in the latency period, in comparison to controls, which was significantly improved in LED treated rats at 7, 14 and 28 days, indicating recovery of memory function. In addition, methanol neurotoxicity in hippocampus caused a significant increase in cell death (caspase3+ cells) and cell edema at 7 and 28 days, which were significantly decreased by LED therapy. Furthermore, the number of glial fibrillary acid protein astrocytes was significantly lower in methanol rats, compared to controls, whereas LED treatment caused their significant increase. Finally, methanol neurotoxicity caused a significant decrease in the number of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF+) cells, but also circulating serum BDNF, at 7 and 28 days, compared to controls, which were significantly increased by LED therapy. Importantly, LED significantly increased the number of Ki-67+ cells and BDNF levels in the serum and hypothalamus in control-LED rats, compared to controls without LED therapy.

    CONCLUSION: In conclusion, chronic methanol administration caused severe memory impairments and several pathological outcomes in the hippocampus of adolescent rats which were improved by LED therapy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Brain Edema/chemically induced
  18. Fulltext Antioxidant Properties and Gastroprotective Effects of 2-(Ethylthio)Benzohydrazones on Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Mucosal Lesions in Rats
    Nazarbahjat N, Kadir FA, Ariffin A, Abdulla MA, Abdullah Z, Yehye WA
    PLoS One, 2016;11(6):e0156022.
    PMID: 27272221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156022
    A series of new 2-(ethylthio)benzohydrazone derivatives (1-6) were prepared and characterised by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The newly prepared compounds were screened for their in vitro antioxidant activities using free radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Among them, most powerful antioxidant, compound 1 has been selected in order to illustrate anti-ulcer effect on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Four groups of Sprague Dawley rats were respectively treated with 10% Tween 20 as ulcer control group, 20 mg/kg omeprazole as reference group, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg compound 1 as experimental animals. Macroscopically, ulcer control group showed extensive hemorrhagic lesions of gastric mucosa compared with omeprazole or compound 1. Rats pre-treated with compound 1 showed increased in gastric pH and gastric mucus. Histologically, ulcer control group showed severe damage to gastric mucosa with edema and leucocytes infiltration of submucosal layer. In immunohistochemical analysis, rats which were pre-treated with compound 1 showed up-regulation of HSP70 and down-regulation of Bax proteins. In conclusion, the gastroprotective effect of compound 1 may be due to its antioxidant activity, and/or due to up-regulation of HSP70 and down-regulation of Bax protein in stained tissue section.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  19. Pharmacological studies on aqueous extract of Launaea arborescens from southwest Algeria
    Seddiki LS, Belboukhari N, Ould El Hadj-Khelil A, Sulaiman MR, Sekkoum K, Cheriti A
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2021 Jul 15;275:114137.
    PMID: 33915133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114137
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Launaea arborescens, its vernacular name is Mol-albina belonging to asteracaea family origin of the southwest of Algeria. This plant is used in folk medicines to treat gastroenteritis, diabetes, child aliment and other diseases; it is taken macerated or boiled.

    AIM: This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammation an analgesic activity of the aqueous extract of Launaea arborescens (AqELA) and its pathway of action.

    METHODS: the investigation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were done using formalin test, acetic acid test. For mechanism investigation, it was used hot plate test to induce opioid receptors, a histamine and serotonin test to induce edema paw, finally, for the TRPV1 receptor, it was used the capsaicin test.

    RESULTS: The aqueous extract of Launaea arborescens showed a significant inhibition of abdominal writhing test 95% and 100% inhibition of licking paw using acid acetic test and formalin test respectively (EC: 47 mg/kg and 104 mg/kg). The analgesic effect of the aqueous extract of Launaea arborescens showed inhibition of sensation of pain after 120 min compared to morphine effect. The aqueous extract of Launaea arborescens reduced paw volume after 180 min and 120 min for histamine and serotonin respectively with dose-dependent. Concerning of TRPV1 receptors, the inhibition was showed at doses 100 mg and 300 mg.

    CONCLUSION: Our results contribute towards validation of the traditional use of Launaea arborescens for inflammation ailment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced
  20. Fulltext Glycyrrhizic acid can attenuate metabolic deviations caused by a high-sucrose diet without causing water retention in male Sprague-Dawley rats
    Fernando HA, Chandramouli C, Rosli D, Lam YL, Yong ST, Yaw HP, et al.
    Nutrients, 2014 Nov 04;6(11):4856-71.
    PMID: 25375630 DOI: 10.3390/nu6114856
    Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) ameliorates many components of the metabolic syndrome, but its potential therapeutic use is marred by edema caused by inhibition of renal 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2). We assessed whether 100 mg/kg per day GA administered orally could promote metabolic benefits without causing edema in rats fed on a high-sucrose diet. Groups of eight male rats were fed on one of three diets for 28 days: normal diet, a high-sucrose diet, or a high-sucrose diet supplemented with GA. Rats were then culled and renal 11β-HSD2 activity, as well as serum sodium, potassium, angiotensin II and leptin levels were determined. Histological analyses were performed to assess changes in adipocyte size in visceral and subcutaneous depots, as well as hepatic and renal tissue morphology. This dosing paradigm of GA attenuated the increases in serum leptin levels and visceral, but not subcutaneous adipocyte size caused by the high-sucrose diet. Although GA decreased renal 11β-HSD2 activity, it did not affect serum electrolyte or angiotensin II levels, indicating no onset of edema. Furthermore, there were no apparent morphological changes in the liver or kidney, indicating no toxicity. In conclusion, it is possible to reap metabolic benefits of GA without edema using the current dosage and treatment time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Edema/chemically induced*
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