Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 533 in total

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  1. Collins J, Maughan RJ, Gleeson M, Bilsborough J, Jeukendrup A, Morton JP, et al.
    Br J Sports Med, 2021 Apr;55(8):416.
    PMID: 33097528 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101961
    Football is a global game which is constantly evolving, showing substantial increases in physical and technical demands. Nutrition plays a valuable integrated role in optimising performance of elite players during training and match-play, and maintaining their overall health throughout the season. An evidence-based approach to nutrition emphasising, a 'food first' philosophy (ie, food over supplements), is fundamental to ensure effective player support. This requires relevant scientific evidence to be applied according to the constraints of what is practical and feasible in the football setting. The science underpinning sports nutrition is evolving fast, and practitioners must be alert to new developments. In response to these developments, the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) has gathered experts in applied sports nutrition research as well as practitioners working with elite football clubs and national associations/federations to issue an expert statement on a range of topics relevant to elite football nutrition: (1) match day nutrition, (2) training day nutrition, (3) body composition, (4) stressful environments and travel, (5) cultural diversity and dietary considerations, (6) dietary supplements, (7) rehabilitation, (8) referees and (9) junior high-level players. The expert group provide a narrative synthesis of the scientific background relating to these topics based on their knowledge and experience of the scientific research literature, as well as practical experience of applying knowledge within an elite sports setting. Our intention is to provide readers with content to help drive their own practical recommendations. In addition, to provide guidance to applied researchers where to focus future efforts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Environment
  2. Waddy BB
    J Trop Med Hyg, 1974 Apr;77(4):s:19-21.
    PMID: 4841357
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Environment
  3. Cheong WH, Omar AH, Sta Maria FL
    PMID: 4584108
    Matched MeSH terms: Environment
  4. Fauziah SH, Agamuthu P
    Waste Manag Res, 2012 Jul;30(7):656-63.
    PMID: 22455994 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X12437564
    In Malaysia, landfills are being filled up rapidly due to the current daily generation of approximately 30,000 tonnes of municipal solid waste. This situation creates the crucial need for improved landfilling practices, as sustainable landfilling technology is yet to be achieved here. The objective of this paper is to identify and evaluate the development and trends in landfilling practices in Malaysia. In 1970, the disposal sites in Malaysia were small and prevailing waste disposal practices was mere open-dumping. This network of relatively small dumps, typically located close to population centres, was considered acceptable for a relatively low population of 10 million in Malaysia. In the 1980s, a national programme was developed to manage municipal and industrial wastes more systematically and to reduce adverse environmental impacts. The early 1990s saw the privatization of waste management in many parts of Malaysia, and the establishment of the first sanitary landfills for MSW and an engineered landfill (called 'secure landfill' in Malaysia) for hazardous waste. A public uproar in 2007 due to contamination of a drinking water source from improper landfilling practices led to some significant changes in the government's policy regarding the country's waste management strategy. Parliament passed the Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management (SWPCM) Act 2007 in August 2007. Even though the Act is yet to be implemented, the government has taken big steps to improve waste management system further. The future of the waste management in Malaysia seems somewhat brighter with a clear waste management policy in place. There is now a foundation upon which to build a sound and sustainble waste management and disposal system in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Environment*
  5. Peterson PJ, Granados A
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2002;9(3):204-14.
    PMID: 12094535
    Decision-makers require useful tools, such as indicators, to help them make environmentally sound decisions leading to effective management of hazardous wastes. Four hazardous waste indicators are being tested for such a purpose by several countries within the Sustainable Development Indicator Programme of the United Nations Commission for Sustainable Development. However, these indicators only address the 'down-stream' end-of-pipe industrial situation. More creative thinking is clearly needed to develop a wider range of indicators that not only reflects all aspects of industrial production that generates hazardous waste but considers socio-economic implications of the waste as well. Sets of useful and innovative indicators are proposed that could be applied to the emerging paradigm shift away from conventional end-of-pipe management actions and towards preventive strategies that are being increasingly adopted by industry often in association with local and national governments. A methodological and conceptual framework for the development of a core-set of hazardous waste indicators has been developed. Some of the indicator sets outlined quantify preventive waste management strategies (including indicators for cleaner production, hazardous waste reduction/minimization and life cycle analysis), whilst other sets address proactive strategies (including changes in production and consumption patterns, eco-efficiency, eco-intensity and resource productivity). Indicators for quantifying transport of hazardous wastes are also described. It was concluded that a number of the indicators proposed could now be usefully implemented as management tools using existing industrial and economic data. As cleaner production technologies and waste minimization approaches are more widely deployed, and industry integrates environmental concerns at all levels of decision-making, it is expected that the necessary data for construction of the remaining indicators will soon become available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Environment*; Environmental Monitoring*
  6. Rosnah, I., Rohani, J., Farina, Z.
    MyJurnal
    The Healthy City concept was taken by Malaysia in 1994 and Malacca State has initiated this project in late 1997 and launched in September 1998. The aim of the project is to had ways of achieving a better quality of urban life. The objective of this study was to assess the views and responses of Melaka Tengah community with regards to the existing facilities and services rendered in the district. The views will be incorporated into ideas for the policymakers and planners to develop Malacca into a healthy city. Three methods were used to collect the data. Questionnaires were given to the community of Melaka Tengah District. The respondents were selected by multistage sampling, Observation was carried out at selected public places to assess the community's practices and contribution, Ten focus group discussion were conducted consisting of health staff and public to discuss on environmental, social, physical and economic issues of Malacca. There were 3 sectors that had mean scores above 3.0 (the cut off level for being satisfed). They were health, housing and environment, ln terms of dissatisfaction, there were 4 sectors scoring below 3.0, These include domestic waste dnposal, road system, public transportation and recreational park. The community
    expected the services to be improved especially in terms of cleanliness, They agreed to contribute in their own ways in developing the sectors discussed except for public transportation, wet market and food premises which were beyond their control. Observation showed that some of the community members exhibit bad behaviours that can contribute to an unhealthy city. The Melaka
    Tengah community expected ejficient and quality services and they agreed to contribute in making Malacca into a Healthy City.
    Matched MeSH terms: Environment
  7. Samudhram A, Siew EG, Sinnakkannu J, Yeow PH
    Appl Ergon, 2016 Mar 27.
    PMID: 27029522 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.03.004
    Technoeconomic paradigms based economic growth theories suggest that waves of technological innovations drove the economic growth of advanced economies. Widespread economic degradation and pollution is an unintended consequence of such growth. Tackling environmental and social issues at firm levels would help us to overcome such issues at macro-levels. Consequently, the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) reporting approach promotes firm level economic, environmental and social performances. Incorporating Zink's (2014) 3-pillar presentation model, this paper indicates that economic, social and environmental performances tend to be reported at firm level. All three pillars are not covered evenly at the activity levels. Thus, a loophole is identified whereby excellent environmental performance at activity levels could potentially leave poor social performance undisclosed. A refinement of the TBL paradigm, whereby all three pillars are covered at the activity level, is suggested, to enhance sustainability reporting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Environment; Environmental Pollution
  8. Chow CK, Corsi DJ, Gilmore AB, Kruger A, Igumbor E, Chifamba J, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2017 03 31;7(3):e013817.
    PMID: 28363924 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013817
    OBJECTIVES: This study examines in a cross-sectional study 'the tobacco control environment' including tobacco policy implementation and its association with quit ratio.

    SETTING: 545 communities from 17 high-income, upper-middle, low-middle and low-income countries (HIC, UMIC, LMIC, LIC) involved in the Environmental Profile of a Community's Health (EPOCH) study from 2009 to 2014.

    PARTICIPANTS: Community audits and surveys of adults (35-70 years, n=12 953).

    PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Summary scores of tobacco policy implementation (cost and availability of cigarettes, tobacco advertising, antismoking signage), social unacceptability and knowledge were associated with quit ratios (former vs ever smokers) using multilevel logistic regression models.

    RESULTS: Average tobacco control policy score was greater in communities from HIC. Overall 56.1% (306/545) of communities had >2 outlets selling cigarettes and in 28.6% (154/539) there was access to cheap cigarettes (<5cents/cigarette) (3.2% (3/93) in HIC, 0% UMIC, 52.6% (90/171) LMIC and 40.4% (61/151) in LIC). Effective bans (no tobacco advertisements) were in 63.0% (341/541) of communities (81.7% HIC, 52.8% UMIC, 65.1% LMIC and 57.6% LIC). In 70.4% (379/538) of communities, >80% of participants disapproved youth smoking (95.7% HIC, 57.6% UMIC, 76.3% LMIC and 58.9% LIC). The average knowledge score was >80% in 48.4% of communities (94.6% HIC, 53.6% UMIC, 31.8% LMIC and 35.1% LIC). Summary scores of policy implementation, social unacceptability and knowledge were positively and significantly associated with quit ratio and the associations varied by gender, for example, communities in the highest quintile of the combined scores had 5.0 times the quit ratio in men (Odds ratio (OR) 5·0, 95% CI 3.4 to 7.4) and 4.1 times the quit ratio in women (OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.4 to 7.1).

    CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that more focus is needed on ensuring the tobacco control policy is actually implemented, particularly in LMICs. The gender-related differences in associations of policy, social unacceptability and knowledge suggest that different strategies to promoting quitting may need to be implemented in men compared to women.

    Matched MeSH terms: Environment
  9. Mazumdar PK, Chaturvedi SK, Gopinath PS
    Psychopathology, 1994;27(1-2):37-42.
    PMID: 7972638
    The correlation of clinical and demographic variables of thought disorder was studied in 45 Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) schizophrenics. Thought disorder was assessed by the scale for the assessment of Thought, Language and Communication (TLC). Negative thought disorder was significantly correlated with the rural background. Individual TLC items like Distractible speech, Illogicality, Clanging, Neologisms, etc. were correlated with the literate group and perseveration with the illiterate group. No significant correlation was noted between thought disorder and clinical variables.
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Environment
  10. Leong YK, Lan JC, Loh HS, Ling TC, Ooi CW, Show PL
    J Sep Sci, 2016 Feb;39(4):640-7.
    PMID: 26447739 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500667
    Having the benefits of being environmentally friendly, providing a mild environment for bioseparation, and scalability, aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) have increasingly caught the attention of industry and researchers for their application in the isolation and recovery of bioproducts. The limitations of conventional ATPSs give rise to the development of temperature-induced ATPSs that have distinctive thermoseparating properties and easy recyclability. This review starts with a brief introduction to thermoseparating ATPSs, including its history, unique characteristics and advantages, and lastly, key factors that influence partitioning. The underlying mechanism of temperature-induced ATPSs is covered together with a summary of recent applications. Thermoseparating ATPSs have been proven as a solution to the demand for economically favorable and environmentally friendly industrial-scale bioextraction and purification techniques.
    Matched MeSH terms: Environment
  11. Razieh Shojanoori, Helmi Z.m. Shafri, Shattri Mansor, Mohd Hasmadi Ismail
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1025-1034.
    The growth of residential and commercial areas threatens vegetation and ecosystems. Thus, an urgent urban management
    issue involves determining the state and the quantity of urban tree species to protect the environment, as well as controlling
    their growth and decline. This study focused on the detection of urban tree species by considering three types of tree
    species, namely, Mesua ferrea L., Samanea saman, and Casuarina sumatrana. New rule sets were developed to detect these
    three species. In this regard, two pixel-based classification methods were applied and compared; namely, the method of
    maximum likelihood classification and support vector machines. These methods were then compared with object-based
    image analysis (OBIA) classification. OBIA was used to develop rule sets by extracting spatial, spectral, textural and color
    attributes, among others. Finally, the new rule sets were implemented into WorldView-2 imagery. The results indicated
    that the OBIA based on the rule sets displayed a significant potential to detect different tree species with high accuracy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Environment
  12. Kawai K, Nikaido M, Harada M, Matsumura S, Lin LK, Wu Y, et al.
    Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2003 Aug;28(2):297-307.
    PMID: 12878466
    The genus Myotis includes the largest number of species in the family Vespertilionidae (Chiroptera), and its members are distributed throughout most of the world. To re-evaluate the phylogenetic position of East Asian Myotis species with respect to Myotis species worldwide, we analyzed mitochondrial gene sequences of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 and cytochrome b from 24 East Asian individuals as well as 42 vespertilionid bats determined previously. The results suggest that: (1) some individuals having the same species name in Europe and Japan do not form a monophyletic clade, indicating that some bat species exhibit morphological convergence, (2) Japanese Myotis mystacinus forms a sister relationship with Myotis brandtii (Palaearctic), and both species are included in the American clade implying that an ancestor of these species originated in North America, and (3) the Black whiskered bat, Myotis pruinosus, is endemic to Japan and forms sister relationships with Myotis yanbarensis and Myotis montivagus collected from Okinawa (Japan) and Selangor (Malaysia), respectively, implying that M. pruinosus originated from the south. The systematics of Japanese and East Asian Myotis bats were revisited by considering their phylogenetic relationships. Our study provides the first extensive phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Myotis that includes East Asian and Japanese species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Environment
  13. Rostami R, Lamit H, Khoshnava SM, Rostami R
    Ecohealth, 2014 Sep;11(3):308-21.
    PMID: 24859923 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-014-0939-6
    The inherent economic and social challenges in major cities have been known to foster stress among the urban population. Frequent stress over long periods may well have serious damaging outcomes, resulting in ailments such as burnout syndrome, sleeplessness and exhaustion, depression, feelings of panic, among others. Therefore, providing access to resources that may enable people to cope with the stress of urban life has become a crucial phenomenon in the twentieth century. Increasing empirical evidence indicates that the presence of natural areas can contribute to enhancing the quality of life in many ways. This study examines two historical Persian gardens from the residents' perspective in well-known, historic cities of Iran: Isfahan and Kerman. The data were collected through questionnaires (n = 252), semi-structured interviews (n = 20), and visual observation techniques. The findings demonstrate that nature, diversity and the gardens' historical background, and coherence motivate the residents' frequent visits to the gardens, which help to address their social, psychological, and physical needs. In addition, the residents' involvements and the variety of experiences that occur in the gardens lead to the creation of deeper meanings and values associated with the gardens. Subsequently, these construct functional and emotional attachment that evokes a sense of place and identity and may contribute to society's health and well-being.
    Matched MeSH terms: Environment
  14. Dousin O, Collins N, Bartram T, Stanton P
    J Adv Nurs, 2021 Mar;77(3):1478-1489.
    PMID: 33314305 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14724
    AIMS: To examine the mediating role of employee well-being on the relationship between work-life balance practices, the need for achievement and intention to leave among nurses in Malaysia.

    BACKGROUND: Work-life balance practices are associated with employee perceptions of the need for achievement and well-being which subsequently influence their intention to leave the organization. This study contributes new knowledge to nursing studies on work-life balance in an Asian and Islamic society where the expectations for women are to focus on family rather than career.

    DESIGN: A cross-sectional, explanatory mixed methodology.

    METHODS: This is a two-phase study conducted between 2015-2017 with 401 nurses in East Malaysia. In Phase 1, researchers surveyed 379 nurses to test eight hypotheses and in Phase 2 researchers interviewed 22 nurses to explore the results of Phase 1.

    RESULTS: Phase 1 revealed job satisfaction mediates the relationship between work-life balance practices (e.g. flexibility and choice in working hours, supportive supervision), financial success, and intention to leave. However, life satisfaction and money as a motivator did not mediate such relationships. Phase 2 identified four important factors that cast light on survey results: working conditions of Malaysian nurses; inadequate compensation in the public healthcare sector; team-based practices; and pressure on senior nurses in both administrative and clinical roles.

    CONCLUSION: This is one of the first studies to investigate work-life balance issues among nurses in Malaysia. Outcomes of this study extend the debates on work-life balance and employee well-being in an Asian Islamic social context.

    IMPACT: The use of flexible working arrangements and collectivist teamwork approaches, improving compensation and employment benefits and eliminating the 'time-based job promotion' policy may help to mitigate work-life balance issues and intention to leave among nurses in Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Social Environment
  15. Noorhassim I, Rampal KG, Hashim JH
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Sep;50(3):263-7.
    PMID: 8926906
    A cross sectional study was conducted among 1007 children aged 1-2 years, from padi farming area. The percentage of male children was 51.4%. The prevalence of at least one of the chronic respiratory symptoms was 12.81%, and the prevalence of chronic cough, chronic sputum, wheezing and bronchial asthma as diagnosed by doctors were 9.33%, 3.87% 5.36% and 3.38% respectively. The overall prevalence of bronchial asthma was 6.26%. The prevalence of asthma was highest among children aged 11-12 years (8.9%) and higher among males (6.95%). No significant relationship was found between the prevalence of either chronic respiratory disease symptoms of bronchial asthma, and selected environmental factors, namely exposure to cigarette smoke, use of mosquito coil and wood stove. However there was a significant relationship between prevalence of asthma in children and history of asthma among parents and grandparents.
    Study site: Two villages in Tg. Karang (Kg. Sawah Sempadan and Kg Sri Tiram Jaya), Selangor, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Environment*
  16. Mohd Hisham, I., Azlan Helmy, A.S., Ismail, M.S.
    Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):250-265.
    MyJurnal
    Salah satu dari strategi untuk memperkasakan petugas kesihatan di dalam menentang kesan pandemik COVID-19 ini adalah melalui latihan yang berkesan. Keselamatan dan ketidak laziman merupakan dua perkara pokok yang menyebabkan modul ini dihasilkan. Modul latihan ini dibentuk berdasarkan tiga strategi utama iaitu belajar dari pengalaman lalu, mereka-bentuk modul latihan yang khusus, dan mengenal kelemahan yang ada. Modul yang dihasilkan ialah pemakaian-penanggalan alat perlindungan kendiri (PPE), pengurusan salur pernafasan dan resusitasi kardiopulmonari bagi pesakit yang disyaki COVID-19. Seramai 178 Perawat Kesihatan Barisan Hadapan (PKBH) telah dilatih. Setiap modul disertakan dengan senarai-semak yang mana peserta merasakan ianya sangat membantu. Tiada peserta yang jatuh sakit atau mengalami simptom setelah lebih dua minggu tamat latihan dan ini berkemungkinan hasil dari pelaksanan senarai semak persediaan pra-latihan yang ketat. Senarai semak pra-latihan ini mempunyai tujuh perkara penting iaitu ruang latihan, bilangan peserta, saringan COVID-19, pemeriksaan suhu badan, sanitasi tangan, PPE, dan pensanitasi peralatan sebelum dan selepas latihan. Latihan menggunakan senarai semak yang terarah didapati sangat membantu para petugas di dalam menguruskan situasi COVID-19. Kesimpulannya semasa menghadapai keadaan yang di luar kelaziman serta masa dan sumber yang terhad, latihan praktikal bersama senarai semak merupakan satu kaedah yang dapat membantu. Mengikuti langkah keselamatan pra-latihan yang betul juga boleh mengurangkan penyebaran penyakit ini.

    Matched MeSH terms: Environment
  17. Masilaman D, Mazira Che Mat, Chuah TS
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1171-1182.
    ntroduction of new weed management strategy for coconut plantation in Malaysia is essential since the current weed control methods are less effective and highly herbicide dependent, thus leading to development of herbicide resistance in weeds as well as environmental and human health concerns. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of oil palm frond mulch treated with imazethapyr at a reduced rate on weed emergence and growth. The results of glasshouse experiments have shown that imazethapyr at 12 g a.i. ha-1 in combination with oil palm residues of leaflet (OPL), rachis (OPR) or frond (OPF) at rates of 1.4-1.8 t ha-1 inhibited Eleusine indica emergence and growth by 90-100%, implying that imazethapyr is compatible with oil palm residue mulches. In the field experiment, hand weeding followed by OPF at 3.4 t ha-1 treated with imazethapyr at 24 g a.i. ha-1 have demonstrated excellent control of Mikania micrantha, Asystasia gangetica, Phyllanthus amarus, Panicum sp. and Echinochloa colona by reducing their total dry weight up to 95% at three months after treatment. The present results suggested that the integration of chemical, physical and mechanical methods can provide effective weed control in the coconut plantation for months.
    Matched MeSH terms: Environment
  18. Ghazi HF, Isa ZM, Aljunid S, Shah SA, Tamil AM, Abdalqader MA
    BMC Public Health, 2012;12:562.
    PMID: 22839101 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-562
    Environmental factors play a very important role in the child development process, especially in a situation like that of Iraq. Thirteen years of economic sanctions followed by the 2003 war and 8 years of unstable security have affected the daily life of Iraqi families and children. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between living environment domains and child intelligence quotient (IQ) score.
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Environment*
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