MyMedR

Detection and quantification of IgM(+) lymphocytes in fetal lamb spleen, liver and lymph nodes by flow cytometry

Alitheen N, McClure S, McCullagh P

Immunol Cell Biol, 2007 Jul;85(5):391-3.

The first stage in Peyer's patch development in the fetal lamb is characterized by the colonization of the rudimentary Peyer's patches by precursor cells expressing the IgM surface receptor. In the fetal lamb, the spleen has been implicated as the source of gene-rearranged IgM(+) B lymphocytes. This study was intended to quantitate IgM(+) lymphocytes in the spleen, lymph nodes and liver of fetal lambs at various gestational ages between 63 and 110 days using flow cytometry. Flow-cytometric analysis revealed that IgM(+) lymphocytes were rare in the liver being consistently less than 1% at every gestational age examined. IgM(+) lymphocytes were detected in the spleen (mean 9.18%) and prescapular lymph nodes (mean 11.89%) as early as 63 days. In both spleen and lymph nodes, the highest representation of IgM(+) lymphocytes occurred between 70 and 86 days gestation. The highest mean percentage of IgM(+) lymphocytes was observed in the spleen (22.63%) and lymph nodes (17.02%) at 75 days gestation. From 98 days onwards, B-lymphocyte density gradually decreased in both spleen and prescapular lymph nodes. This study indicates that substantial populations of IgM(+) lymphocytes were present in both the spleen and prescapular lymph nodes from 70 days gestation and implies that both of these locations could be potential sources for the normal colonization of the ileal Peyer's patches.

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus/cytology; Fetus/immunology*

Iron and malaria

Oppenheimer SJ

Parasitol. Today (Regul. Ed.), 1989 Mar;5(3):77-9.

PMID: 15463183

Iron deficiency is common in the developing world; consequently, programmes of presumptive therapy and mass supplementation have been introduced in several countries. In this article Stephen Oppenheimer suggests caution, as recent evidence suggests that these practices may actually increase the likelihood of the subject developing patent malaria in endemic areas. This may be especially significant in infants, who are less likely to be immune to malaria, and in pregnant women, who are often routinely given iron supplements and in whom malaria may damage the foetus.

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Fulltext Bacteraemic enteritis due to Campylobacter jejuni

Puthucheary SD, Lin HP

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Dec;37(4):378-80.

PMID: 7167093

Campylobacter Jejuni is being increasingly recognised as a cause of bacteraemia enteritis and two infants with this condition are described. Awareness of the organism. as a possible cause of septicaemia is important because it has special growth requirements and delay in the diagnosis can be detrimental in a disease which usually only responds to erythromycin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol.

Matched MeSH terms: Campylobacter fetus

Fulltext Fracture toughness of human amniotic membranes

Koh CT, Tonsomboon K, Oyen ML

Interface Focus, 2019 Oct 06;9(5):20190012.

PMID: 31485308 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2019.0012

Amnion is a membrane that surrounds and structurally protects the developing fetus during pregnancy. The rupture of amniotic membranes prior to both normal and preterm deliveries involves stretch forces acting on a biochemically triggered weak zone of the membranes. Fracture toughness is an important mechanical property describing how the membranes containing a defect resist fracture, but this property has never been investigated in amniotic membranes. In this work, the fracture toughness of many samples cut from four pieces of amniotic membrane from different mothers was examined by uniaxial and pure shear (mode I) fracture tests. The measurement was checked for dependence on the sample geometry and notch length. Results from the uniaxial tensile test show J-shaped stress-strain curves and confirm that the amniotic membrane is a nonlinear material. The measured fracture toughness of four amniotic membranes ranged from 0.96 ± 0.11 to 1.83 ± 0.18 kJ m-2. Despite considering the effect of the presence of the defect on mechanical property measurement, similar fracture behaviour was observed for pre-notched and unnotched specimens, indicating that the membranes were extremely tolerant to defects. This defect-tolerant characteristic provides insight into the understanding of fetal membrane rupture.

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease with disseminated Herpes simplex infection

Amidzic J, Vuckovic N, Capo I, Levakov AF

Malays J Pathol, 2019 Apr;41(1):75-78.

PMID: 31025643

We report a case of congenital cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus infection suspected via ultrasound indicated by the presence of fetal cerebral abnormalities. The pregnancy was electively terminated at 31 weeks of gestation. The postmortem examination of the foetus showed brain with lissencephaly. The histopathological examination revealed numerous enlarged cells containing cytomegalic inclusions and multinucleated giant cells in multiple fetal organs and placenta. Documented evidence of histopathological detection of cytomegalovirus inclusions in multiple organs are very sparse in literature. This case highlights the causal relationship of viral infections in early pregnancy and abnormalities of the central nervous system.

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Fulltext Management of diabetes in pregnancy in primary care

Nurain MN, Marmuji LZ, Mastura I, Michael FH, Barakatun-Nisak MY, Yusof M, et al.

Malays Fam Physician, 2019;14(3):55-59.

PMID: 32175041

Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with risks to the woman and her developing fetus. Management of the condition at the primary care level includes pre-conception care, screening, diagnosis, as well as antenatal and postpartum care. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in ensuring its holistic management.

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Fulltext Transverse cerebellar diameter as a sonographic parameter for estimating gestational age: an experience from Yemeni population

Muneera A. S. Yahya, Husni A. Al- Goshae, Hameed M. Aklan, Maha Abdul-aziz, Abdullah A. Al-Mikhlafy

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(107):23-27.

MyJurnal

Introduction: Estimation of gestational age (GA) is clinically crucial for managing pregnancy and assessing the foetal anatomy, growth and development. Transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) has been reported as an accurate tool for dating the pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of foetal TCD for dating the pregnancy and to con- struct a reference chart for GA of Yemeni foetuses. Methods: We conducted this prospective cross-sectional study among 400 Yemeni pregnant women between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation provided that they were with known last menstrual period and singleton normal pregnancies. Sonographic TCDs were measured for each foetus. The mean TCD was measured for gestational weeks separately, and a polynomial regression model was then used to predict the GA by TCD. Results: There was a robust correlation between GA and TCD (r = 0.995, p

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

First molecular detection of Tritrichomonas foetus in domestic cats in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Tan LP, Megat Abd Rani PA, Sharma RSK, Syed Hussain SS, Watanabe M

Trop Biomed, 2020 Sep 01;37(3):756-762.

PMID: 33612788 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.3.756

Tritrichomonas foetus is known to cause chronic diarrhea in the feline species in many different regions of the world. However, there is a paucity of information on T. foetus among cats in Malaysia. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Tritrichomonas foetus in the pet and stray cat population in Klang Valley, Malaysia. A total of 201 pet and stray cats' fecal samples were collected in Klang Valley. 24 samples were cultured in the InPouch® TF Feline to observe for motile trophozoites. A nested PCR protocol was used to screen for T. foetus in the collected samples. The prevalence of T. foetus in the cat population in Klang Valley was 33%. There was no association between Tritrichomonas infection and age, sex, breed or management of the cats. However, statistical analysis revealed that stray cats were more likely to be infected with T. foetus compared to pet cats. This study confirmed for the first time the presence of T. foetus among the cat population in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Fulltext Thanatophoric Dysplasia: Case Report

Roszaman Ramli, Ahmad Murad Zainudin

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2006;5(2):1-6.

MyJurnal

Thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) was reported earlier in the previous publication. It is one of the most common lethal human skletal dysplasia characterized by severe dwarfism. It occurs in 3 to 4 per 100,000 live births1 and is due to autosomal dominant sporadic de novo mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene3 which codes for the FGFR3 transmembrane receptor expressed largely by skeletal and brain tissues in the developing fetus where it is involved with growth regulation. The FGFR3 mutation in TD leads to generalized defects and lack of endochondral ossification, with membranous ossification being less impaired1. Male and female fetuses are equally affected. Two thanatophoric case of this extremely rare occurance are reported and discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Fulltext The estimation of foetomaternal haemorrhage by flowcytometry

Nurasyikin, Y., Suria, A.A., Ng, Soon Peng, Leong, C.F.

Medicine & Health, 2015;10(2):112-122.

MyJurnal

Fetomaternal haemorrhage (FMH) may occur following a sensitizing event, during pregnancy or at delivery. In cases of rhesus (Rh) incompatibility between mother and the fetus, it can thus subject to the haemolytic disease of the newborn. The Kleihauer test for quantification of FMH lacks standardization and results are less accurate. Furthermore, it cannot differentiate the foetal cell from the adult HbF. Flowcytometry analysis using monoclonal antibodies, is a new technique for the quantification of FMH and it allows larger number of cells to be analysed. It is also able to differentiate the foetal cell from maternal HbF, and thus is more sensitive and accurate. The objective of our study was to determine the FMH using the flowcytometric analysis of anti-HbF antibody and to correlate the FMH using flow cytometry and the standard Kleihauer test. Ninety eight peripheral blood samples from pregnant women at more than 20 weeks of pregnancy and post delivery were analyzed by both methods. The percentage of the foetal cells were recorded and the FMH were calculated. We found a fair correlation between the two methods with the correlation coefficient r = 0.633 (p

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Fulltext Dilemma of pregnant ladies with breast cancer

Zainur Rashid, Z., S. Sulaiha S.A., Lew, K.G., Nurhana, S.

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2009;3(2):-.

MyJurnal

Gestational breast cancer (GBC) or pregnancy-associated breast cancer was defined as breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy and within 1 year of delivery. Breast cancer is the second commonest cancer after cervical seen in pregnancy and lactation. Nevertheless, the incidence is low and accounts for approximately 1 in 3000 of pregnancies. A delay in diagnosis is common and 70% to 89% of patients with operable primary lesions already have positive axillary lymph nodes. Breast cancer identified during pregnancy can be extremely distressing for the mother despite it has similar course of disease and prognosis seen in non-pregnant women of the same age and stage of disease. Diagnostic and treatment options should be carefully decided to prevent further harm to the mother or any potential risk to the developing fetus.

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Fulltext Monoamniotic Twin Pregnancy; is There a Need for Frequent Fetal-Doppler Surveillance?

Suhaiza, A., Che Anuar, C.Y., Nik Zuky, N.L., Mokhtar, A.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2010;9(2):57-58.

MyJurnal

Monoamniotic twin pregnancy is a rare type of twin pregnancy which poses risk of cord entanglement and
sudden death of either one or both fetuses. The role of antenatal surveillance by Ultrasound Doppler for
umbilical cord and ultrasonic evidence of cord entanglement or knotting may predict the pregnancy outcome
but yet unavoidable. The discussion will include antenatal surveillance in this rare type of pregnancy.

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Fulltext Placenta Praevia: Preach and Perception

Tan, KC, Chuah, CY, Fong, KY, Phang, SL, Nor Azlin, M.I.

Medicine & Health, 2007;2(2):139-145.

MyJurnal

Placenta praevia is a known obstetric condition that causes complications to mother and fetus. This study was done to evaluate the knowledge of placenta praevia amongst the obstetric patients. A cross sectional study was carried out in Hospital Ipoh, Perak among 323 antenatal and postnatal patients. Socio-demographic parameters (ie age, race, parity, occupation, educational level) and history of placenta praevia were studied in relation to level of knowledge and attitude towards placenta praevia. Twenty (6.2%) from 323 women had current or past history of placenta praevia. Three had history of placenta praevia while 17 had current placenta praevia with prevalence of 5.3%. The mean score of knowledge achieved by patients was 11.8 which indicated overall poor knowledge. Occupation, level of education and history of placenta praevia were found to have a relationship with level of knowledge regarding placenta praevia in all obstetric patients. There was a significant relationship between attitude of patients with current and history of placenta praevia to level of knowledge regarding placenta praevia. (p=0.037,

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Fulltext Haemolytic Disease of Foetus and Newborn and Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction Due to Kidd antibody in Hospital Umum Sarawak, Malaysia

Irni Mohd Yasin, Narazah Mohd Yusoff, Afifah Hassan, Muhammad Masrin Md. Zahrin

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2017;2(202):26-27.

MyJurnal

Haemolytic Disease of Foetus and Newborn (HDFN) and Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction (HTR) may occur due to antibodies against Kidd antigen. In Malaysia, the prevalence of RBC alloimmunization due to Kidd antibody for cases of HDFN and HTR have been reported [1-2] however there is insufficient data in Hospital Umum Sarawak (HUS).The aim of this study is to determine whether Kidd alloimmunization causes HDFN and HTR. Indirectly categorize Kidd phenotype blood in regular blood donors.

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Fulltext Anti-G with concomitant anti-C and anti-D: A case report in a pregnant woman

Yousuf R, Mustafa AN, Ho SL, Tang YL, Leong CF

Asian J Transfus Sci, 2017 3 21;11(1):62-64.

PMID: 28316444 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6247.200770

The G antigen of Rh blood group system is present in almost all D-positive or C-positive red cells but absent from red cells lacking D and C antigens. The differentiation of anti-D and anti-C from anti-G is not necessary for routine transfusion; however, during pregnancy, it is important because anti-G can masquerade as anti-D and anti-C with initial antibody testing. The false presence of anti-D will exclude the patient from receiving anti-D immunoglobulin (RhIG) when the patient actually is a candidate for RhIG prophylaxis. Moreover, patients with positive anti-D or anti-G are at risk of developing hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn and need close monitoring. Thus, proper identification allows the clinicians to manage patients properly. This case report highlights a rare case of anti-G together with anti-D and anti-C in a pregnant woman. This report disseminates knowledge on identification of anti-G and its importance in pregnant women.

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Fulltext Prenatal heating effects of ultrasound: a review

Nadzirah Mohamad Radzi, Farah Wahida Ahmad Zaiki

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(3):39-45.

MyJurnal

The application of ultrasound technology has been widely accepted in clinical settings, particularly in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. This is in light of its ability to detect early foetal malformations apart from enabling foetal monitoring throughout gestation. While ultrasonography is an imaging method that is regularly used in Obstetrics, it is questionable as to whether it is safe for foetuses. The purpose of this paper was to review the evidence regarding the thermal effects of ultrasound exposure on foetal development, particularly. It is hoped that the importance of prudent usage of prenatal ultrasonography will be impressed on clinicians and the public in order to avoid the unnecessary usage of ultrasonography when it is not medically indicated. This is so that the welfare of pregnant women will be looked after, besides contributing to the better health of the next generation by ensuring that the benefits outweigh the known risks or potential harms.

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Fulltext Ultrasound diagnosis of cephalopagus conjoined twin pregnancy at 29 weeks

Sabih D, Ahmad E, Sabih A, Sabih Q

Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2010 10 01;6(4):e38.

PMID: 21611074 DOI: 10.2349/biij.6.4.e38

The authors report a case of a cephalopagus conjoined twin that was diagnosed at 29 weeks of gestation despite the mother having had two ultrasounds done previously. The fetus had one head and face, fused thoraces, common umbilicus but had two pelvises and two sets of genitalia. The fetus had four normally formed legs and arms.Antenatal ultrasound images are supplemented by post natal photographs. A review of literature, clues to ultrasound diagnosis and possible causes of missing this significant abnormality until the 3rd trimester are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Fetal Atrial Ectopic Rhythm Detected Using Handheld Doppler

Mohd Jalil R, Radzi NS, Yahaya Z, Muhar M

Malays Fam Physician, 2020;15(1):50-53.

PMID: 32284806

Atrial ectopic rhythm is one of the most common fetal arrhythmias that can present during the prenatal period. Detection of fetal arrhythmia can be made by auscultating fetal heart rate and rhythm using a fetal handheld Doppler, and this can be done even in a resource-limited setting. The finding of an abnormal fetal heart rate and rhythm should prompt early referral to a pediatric cardiologist, as this may improve clinical outcomes. We present a case of atrial ectopic rhythm detected in utero using a handheld Doppler.

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Fulltext Maternal and foetal outcomes following natural vaginal versus caesarean section (c-section) delivery in women with bleeding disorders and carriers

Karanth L, Kanagasabai S, Abas AB

Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017 08 04;8:CD011059.

PMID: 28776324 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011059.pub3

BACKGROUND: Bleeding disorders are uncommon but may pose significant bleeding complications during pregnancy, labour and following delivery for both the woman and the foetus. While many bleeding disorders in women tend to improve in pregnancy, thus decreasing the haemorrhagic risk to the mother at the time of delivery, some do not correct or return quite quickly to their pre-pregnancy levels in the postpartum period. Therefore, specific measures to prevent maternal bleeding and foetal complications during childbirth, are required. The safest method of delivery to reduce morbidity and mortality in these women is controversial. This is an update of a previously published review.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the optimal mode of delivery in women with, or carriers of, bleeding disorders.

SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Coagulopathies Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. We also searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register as well as trials registries and the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews.Date of last search of the Group's Trials Registers: 16 February 2017.

SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials and all types of controlled clinical trials investigating the optimal mode of delivery in women with, or carriers of, any type of bleeding disorder during pregnancy were eligible for the review.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: No trials matching the selection criteria were eligible for inclusion MAIN RESULTS: No results from randomised controlled trials were found.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The review did not identify any randomised controlled trials investigating the safest mode of delivery and associated maternal and foetal complications during delivery in women with, or carriers of, a bleeding disorder. In the absence of high quality evidence, clinicians need to use their clinical judgement and lower level evidence (e.g. from observational trials, case studies) to decide upon the optimal mode of delivery to ensure the safety of both mother and foetus.Given the ethical considerations, the rarity of the disorders and the low incidence of both maternal and foetal complications, future randomised controlled trials to find the optimal mode of delivery in this population are unlikely to be carried out. Other high quality controlled studies (such as risk allocation designs, sequential design, and parallel cohort design) are needed to investigate the risks and benefits of natural vaginal and caesarean section in this population or extrapolation from other clinical conditions that incur a haemorrhagic risk to the baby, such as platelet alloimmunisation.

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

Fulltext Quercus infectoria Gall Extract Enhanced the Proliferation and Activity of Human Fetal Osteoblast Cell Line (hFOB 1.19)

Hapidin H, Rozelan D, Abdullah H, Wan Hanaffi WN, Soelaiman IN

Malays J Med Sci, 2015 Jan-Feb;22(1):12-22.

PMID: 25892946 MyJurnal

The present study investigated the effects of Quercus infectoria (QI) gall extract on the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and the morphology of a human fetal osteoblast cell line (hFOB 1.19).

Matched MeSH terms: Fetus

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