Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 444 in total

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  1. Taha M, Rahim F, Ali M, Khan MN, Alqahtani MA, Bamarouf YA, et al.
    Molecules, 2019 Apr 18;24(8).
    PMID: 31003424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081528
    Chromen-4-one substituted oxadiazole analogs 1-19 have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated for β-glucuronidase inhibition. All analogs exhibited a variable degree of β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging in between 0.8 ± 0.1-42.3 ± 0.8 μM when compared with the standard d-saccharic acid 1,4 lactone (IC50 = 48.1 ± 1.2 μM). Structure activity relationship has been established for all compounds. Molecular docking studies were performed to predict the binding interaction of the compounds with the active site of enzyme.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  2. Jalil J, Attiq A, Hui CC, Yao LJ, Zakaria NA
    Inflammopharmacology, 2020 Oct;28(5):1195-1218.
    PMID: 32617790 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00734-2
    The therapeutic efficacy of the contemporary anti-inflammatory drugs are well established; however, prolonged use of such can often lead to serious and life-threatening side effects. Natural product-based anti-inflammatory compounds with superior efficacy and minimum toxicity can serve as possible therapeutic alternatives in this scenario. Genus Uvaria is a part of Annonaceae family, while the majority of its species are widely distributed in tropical rain forest regions of South East Asia. Uvaria species have been used extensively used as traditional medicine for treating all sorts of inflammatory diseases including catarrhal inflammation, rheumatism, acute allergic reactions, hemorrhoids, inflammatory liver disease and inflamed joints. Phytochemical analysis of Uvaria species has revealed flavones, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, polyoxygenated cyclohexene and phenolic compounds as major phyto-constituents. This review is an attempt to highlight the anti-inflammatory activity of Uvaria species by conducting a critical appraisal of the published literature. The ethnopharmacological relevance of Uvaria species in the light of toxicological studies is also discussed herein. An extensive and relevant literature on anti-inflammatory activity of Uvaria species was collected from available books, journals and electronic databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Proquest and Ovid. Extracts and isolates of Uvaria species exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity through various mechanisms of action. 6,7-di-O-Methyl-baicalein, flexuvarol B, chrysin, (-)-zeylenol, 6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-flavone, and pinocembrin were the most potent anti-inflammatory compounds with comparable IC50 with positive controls. Therefore, it is suggested that further research should be carried out to determine the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity of these therapeutically significant compounds, to convert the pre-clinical results into clinical data for drug development and design.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  3. Taha M, Uddin I, Gollapalli M, Almandil NB, Rahim F, Farooq RK, et al.
    BMC Chem, 2019 Dec;13(1):102.
    PMID: 31410413 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0617-4
    We have synthesized new series of bisindole analogs (1-27), characterized by 1HNMR and HR-EI-MS and evaluated for their anti-leishmanial potential. All compounds showed outstanding inhibitory potential with IC50 values ranging from 0.7 ± 0.01 to 13.30 ± 0.50 µM respectively when compared with standard pentamidine with IC50 value of 7.20 ± 0.20 µM. All analogs showed greater potential than standard except 10, 19 and 23 when compared with standard. Structure activity relationship has been also established for all compounds. Molecular docking studies were carried out to understand the binding interaction of active molecules.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  4. Abdullah SA, Jamil S, Basar N, Abdul Lathiff SM, Mohd Arriffin N
    Nat Prod Res, 2017 May;31(10):1113-1120.
    PMID: 27564208 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1222387
    A new dihydrochalcone, 2',4'-dihydroxy-3,4-(2″,2″-dimethylchromeno)-3'-prenyldihydrochalcone (1) together with 4-hydroxyonchocarpin (2), isobavachalcone (3), 4',5-dihydroxy-6,7-(2,2-dimethylpyrano)-2'-methoxy-8-γ,γ-dimethylallyflavone (4), artocarpin (5) and cycloheterophyllin (6) were successfully isolated from the leaves and heartwoods of Artocarpus lowii King (Moraceae). The structures of these compounds were fully characterised using spectroscopic methods and by direct comparison with published data. These compounds were tested for their antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Compound (1) displayed moderate antioxidant activity towards DPPH and tyrosinase inhibitory activities with SC50 value of 223.8 μM and IC50 value of 722.5 μM, respectively. Among the isolated compounds, cycloheterophyllin (6) showed the most potential antioxidant activity with SC50 value of 320.0 and 102.8 μM for ABTS and DPPH radicals scavenging activities, respectively, and also exhibited highest FRAP equivalent value of 4.7 ± 0.09 mM. Compound (6) showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 104.6 μM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  5. Lee, S.Y., Mediani, A., Nur Ashikin, A.H., Abas, F., Azliana, A.B.S.
    MyJurnal
    The study was aimed to determine the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of
    the stem and leaf of five different traditional medicinal plants. The studied plants exhibited
    varied antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. The antioxidant activities of the
    plants were determined through their free radical scavenging capabilities using DPPH assay.
    The most potent antioxidant activity was demonstrated by Neptunia oleracea with an IC50 of
    35.45 and 29.72 μg/mL for leaf and stem, respectively. For α-glucosidase inhibition activity,
    Neptunia oleracea exhibited potential α-glucosidase inhibition activity with IC50 value of
    19.09 and 19.74 μg/mL for leaf and stem, respectively. The highest total phenolic content
    (TPC) was also marked in Neptunia oleracea leaf and stem with value of 40.88 and 21.21 mg
    GAE/g dry weight, respectively. The results also showed that Strobilanthes crispus collected
    from two different locations possessed different levels of phenolic content, antioxidant and
    α-glucosidase inhibition activities. The study revealed that phenolic compounds could be the
    main contributors to the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities with R values of 78.9
    and 67.4%, respectively. In addition, antioxidant and α-glucosidase were positively correlated
    (R = 81.9%). Neptunia oleracea could be suggested as a potential natural source of antioxidant
    and antidiabetic compounds that can be used for the prevention or treatment of diabetes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  6. Rasool N, Kanwal A, Rasheed T, Ain Q, Mahmood T, Ayub K, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2016;17(7).
    PMID: 27367666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17070912
    Synthesis of 2,5-bisarylthiophenes was accomplished by sequential Suzuki cross coupling reaction of 2-bromo-5-chloro thiophenes. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) level of theory to compare the geometric parameters of 2,5-bisarylthiophenes with those from X-ray diffraction results. The synthesized compounds are screened for in vitro bacteria scavenging abilities. At the concentration of 50 and 100 μg/mL, compounds 2b, 2c, 2d, 3c, and 3f with IC50-values of 51.4, 52.10, 58.0, 56.2, and 56.5 μg/mL respectively, were found most potent against E. coli. Among all the synthesized compounds 2a, 2d, 3c, and 3e with the least values of IC50 77, 76.26, 79.13 μg/mL respectively showed significant antioxidant activities. Almost all of the compounds showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, whereas 2-chloro-5-(4-methoxyphenyl) thiophene (2b) was found most active among all synthesized compound with an IC50 value of 51.4 μg/mL. All of the synthesized compounds were screened for nitric oxide scavenging activity as well. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and molecular electrostatic potentials of the target compounds were also studied theoretically to account for their relative reactivity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  7. Jamilah, B., Abdulkadir Gedi, M., Suhaila, M., Md.Zaidul, I.S.
    MyJurnal
    The extraction of phenolics from Citrus hystrix leaf was carried out using supercritical fluid extraction and was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of CO2 flow rate, extraction pressure and extraction temperature on yield, total phenolic content and diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl-IC50 were evaluated and compared with ethanol extraction. The extraction pressure was the most significant factor affecting the yield, TPC and DPPH-IC50 of the extracts, followed by CO2 flow rate and the extraction temperature. The optimum conditions of pressure, CO2 flow rate and temperature were at 267 bars, 18 g/min and 50°C, respectively. The yield, TPC and DPPH-IC50 obtained were 5.06%, 116.53 mg GAE/g extract and IC50 of 0.063 mg/ml, respectively. These values were not significantly different (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  8. Noridayu, A.R., Hii, Y.F., Faridah, A., Khozirah, S., Lajis, N.
    MyJurnal
    This study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties of stems and leaves of hexane and methanolic extracts of Pluchea indica. Methanolic extract of leaves showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 24.45 ± 0.34 µg/ml) and total phenolic contents (573.52 ± 6.2 mg GAE/100 g crude extract), in DPPH radical scavenging and Folin-Ciocalteu assays respectively, however, it failed to inhibit acetylcholinesterase in TLC bioautographic detection. The rest of plant extracts, including methanolic extract of stems, hexane extract of both leaves and stems, were detected to have acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties. Hexane extract of both leaves and stems exhibited lower or negligible level of antioxidant activity and phenolic contents. Pluchea indica may provide a potential natural source of bioactive compounds, and maybe beneficial to the human health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  9. Salih, G.A., Ahmad-Raus, R., Shaban, M.N., Abdullah, N.
    MyJurnal
    Breast cancer is considered as one of the most common cancers all over the world. A huge effort has been made to create a safe and cost effective breast cancer treatment. All of these features exist in the plants sources. In this study, the effect of local vegetable salad, Premna serratifolia (Bebuas) against MCF-7 cells (human breast adenocarcinoma) was determined. The optimum condition to extract breast cancer cytotoxic compound from the plant was investigated and the exact cytotoxic compound was identified as well. To determine the plant cytotoxicity effect against MCF-7 cells, MTT assay was used. Two important parameters in the sonication extraction method which are duration of time and temperature were optimized by carrying out a series of experiments which were designed by Face Centered Central Composite Design (FCCCD). The extraction efficiency of each experiment was determined by measuring the yield of extract and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the extract against MCF-7 cells. The results obtained from the experiments were fitted to the second order polynomial model to generate equation that was used to determine best extraction processing condition. Based on the generated equation, the best sonication processing condition to extract the cytotoxic compound is at 30oC for 67 min. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the duration of extraction time has great influence (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  10. Zulkifli, A.F., Tham, L.G., Perumal, N., Azzeme, A., Shukor, M.Y., Shaharuddin, N.A., et al.
    MyJurnal
    Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is usually used as an inhibitive assay for insecticides. A lesser
    known property of AChE is its inhibition by heavy metals. In this work we evaluate an AChE
    from brains of striped snakehead (Channa striatus) wastes from aquaculture industry as an
    inhibitive assay for heavy metals. We discovered that the AChE was inhibited almost completely
    by Hg2+, Ag2+ and Cu2+ during an initial screening. When tested at various concentrations, the
    heavy metals exhibited exponential decay type inhibition curves. The calculated IC50 for the
    heavy metals Hg2+, Ag2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cr6+ were 0.08432, 0.1008, 0.1255, 0.0871, and 0.1771,
    respectively. The IC50 for these heavy metals are comparable and some are lower than the IC50
    values from the cholinesterases from previously studied fish. The assay can be carried out in less
    than 30 minutes at ambient temperature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  11. Abubakar M. Umar, Tham, Lik Gin, Natarajan Perumal, Nur Adeela Yasid, Hassan Mohd Daud, Mohd Yunus Shukor
    MyJurnal
    Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is usually used as an inhibitive assay for insecticides. A lesserknown
    property of AChE is its inhibition by heavy metals. In this work, we evaluate an AChE
    from brains of Clarias batrachus (catfish) exposed to wastes from aquaculture industry as an
    inhibitive assay for heavy metals. We discovered that the AChE was inhibited completely by
    Hg2+, Ag2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Cr6+ and Zn2+ during initial screening. When tested at various
    concentrations, the heavy metals exhibited exponential decay type inhibition curves. The
    calculated IC50 (mg/L) for the heavy metals Ag2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Cr6+ and Cd2+ were 0.088, 0.078,
    0.071, 0.87 and 0.913, respectively. The IC50 for these heavy metals are comparable, and some
    are lower than the IC50 values from the cholinesterases from previously studied fish. The assay
    can be carried out in less than 30 minutes at ambient temperature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  12. Al-Refai M, Ibrahim MM, Azmi MN, Osman H, Bakar MHA, Geyer A
    Molecules, 2019 Nov 10;24(22).
    PMID: 31717690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224072
    A series of 2-methoxypyridine-3-carbonitrile (5a-i)-bearing aryl substituents were successfully synthesized in good yields by the condensation of chalcones (4a-i) with malononitrile in basic medium. The condensation process, in most cases, offers a route to a variety of methoxypyridine derivatives (6a-g) as side products in poor yields. All new compounds were fully characterized using different spectroscopic methods. Mass ESI-HMRS measurements were also performed. Furthermore, these compounds were screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity activities against three cancer cell lines; namely, those of the liver (line HepG2), prostate (line DU145) and breast (line MBA-MB-231). The cytotoxicity assessment revealed that compounds 5d, 5g, 5h and 5i exhibit promising antiproliferative effects (IC50 1-5 µM) against those three cancer cell lines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  13. Salmijah S., Anita Mohd. Zubir, Maimon A.
    Metaldehyde is used widely in Malaysia for the control of molluscs. This communication reports the cytotoxic effects of this chemical on cultured cells as assessed by cell morphology and the DNA synthesising capability as well as its transport into cells. After 15 days of exposure with 20.0 ppm of the compound, the DNA synthesising capability was shown to be unaffected. The IC50 for Vero cells was 276.0 ppm. Transport of thymidine across cells was found to be not significantly affected even at high metaldehyde concentrations (up to 320.0 ppm) suggesting integrity of cells were not significantly affected. The present cellular studies have therefore shown that the cytotoxic effects of this chemical is rather low.
    Metaldehida digunakan dengan meluas di Malaysia untuk mengawal perosak moluska. Kesan sitotoksik bahan kimia ini di peringkat sel dari segi ciri-ciri perubahan moifologi dan keupayaan mensintesis DNA serta kajian awal kesannya terhadap proses kemasukan ke dalam sel dilaporkan di sini. Keupayaan mensintesis DNA didapati tidak terjejas secara signifikan selepas diberikan 20.0 ppm metaldehida secara berterusan selama 15 hari. Nilai IC50 bagi sel Vero adalah 276.0 ppm. Kemasukan timidina ke dalam sel tidak terjejas secara signifikan apabila sel diperlakukan dengan metaldehida, walaupun pada kepekatan yang agak tinggi iaitu sehingga 320.0 ppm. Kajian telah menunjukkan bahawa kesan sitotoksik oleh metaldehida adalah rendah.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  14. Lin MS, Wang BJ, Weng YM, Yu ZR, Wang CC, Koo M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1685-1691.
    Ganoderma lucidum has been recognized as a precious fungus in both Chinese and Japanese traditional medicine for
    centuries. It contains many bioactive ingredients such as triterpenoids and polysaccharides. The present study used
    supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2
    ) fractionation to fractionate Ganoderma lucidum extract into four fractions (R,
    F1, F2, & F3) and evaluate the correlation between the content of functional components and their antioxidant ability.
    Relatively high concentrations of the three types of bioactive constituents were simultaneously partitioned into different
    fractionation collecting vessels. The free radical scavenging ability was greatest in F1. The IC50 of DPPH scavenging ability
    was 0.90 mg/mL and that of ABTS radicals scavenging activity was 0.45 mg/mL. The correlation analysis of antioxidant
    ability with total triterpenoids and total polyphenols showed a positive relationship. In conclusion, this study showed
    that fractionation of Ganoderma lucidum extract using SC-CO2 fractionation technology was able to effectively partition
    its bioactive components including triterpenoids, polysaccharides and phenolic compounds and also to increase the
    antioxidant activities of the fractions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  15. Paudel P, Seong SH, Fauzi FM, Bender A, Jung HA, Choi JS
    ACS Omega, 2020 Apr 07;5(13):7705-7715.
    PMID: 32280914 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00684
    The present study examines the effect of human monoamine oxidase active anthraquinones emodin, alaternin (=7-hydroxyemodin), aloe-emodin, and questin from Cassia obtusifolia Linn seeds in modulating human dopamine (hD1R, hD3R, and hD4R), serotonin (h5-HT1AR), and vasopressin (hV1AR) receptors that were predicted as prime targets from proteocheminformatics modeling via in vitro cell-based functional assays, and explores the possible mechanisms of action via in silico modeling. Emodin and alaternin showed a concentration-dependent agonist effect on hD3R with EC50 values of 21.85 ± 2.66 and 56.85 ± 4.59 μM, respectively. On hV1AR, emodin and alaternin showed an antagonist effect with IC50 values of 10.25 ± 1.97 and 11.51 ± 1.08 μM, respectively. Interestingly, questin and aloe-emodin did not have any observable effect on hV1AR. Only alaternin was effective in antagonizing h5-HT1AR (IC50: 84.23 ± 4.12 μM). In silico studies revealed that a hydroxyl group at C1, C3, and C8 and a methyl group at C6 of anthraquinone structure are essential for hD3R agonist and hV1AR antagonist effects, as well as for the H-bond interaction of 1-OH group with Ser192 at a proximity of 2.0 Å. Thus, based on in silico and in vitro results, hV1AR, hD3R, and h5-HT1AR appear to be prime targets of the tested anthraquinones.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  16. Chiu MT, Tham HJ, Lee JS
    J Food Sci Technol, 2017 Sep;54(10):3327-3337.
    PMID: 28974818 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2785-3
    This study was designed to determine the effect of osmotic dehydration (OD) process temperature (35-55 °C), sucrose concentration (40-60% w/w) and immersion time (90-210 min) on the water loss (WL), solid gain (SG), DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and sensory quality of the dehydrated Terung Asam slices. Response Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design was applied to investigate the influence of these variables on the aforementioned responses. The increase in the levels of these processing parameters increased the WL and SG. The antioxidant activities also increased with sugar concentration, but reduced with immersion time and temperature elevation. About 36-80% of IC50 and 47-72% of FRAP were depleted after osmotic process. The loss of antioxidants was predominantly due to leaching during osmotic treatment rather than hot air drying. Despite the losses of these compounds, osmotic pretreatment was able to improve the sensory quality of the product. The optimum OD process condition was predicted as process temperature 38.1 °C, sucrose concentration 55.6% and osmotic duration 126.3 min.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  17. Yap HY, Tan NH, Ng ST, Tan CS, Fung SY
    Front Pharmacol, 2018;9:103.
    PMID: 29491836 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00103
    Naturally occurring anti-glycation compounds have drawn much interest in recent years as they show potential in reducing or preventing the risk of chronic complications for diabetic patients. In this study, annotation of the genome-transcriptome data from tiger milk mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerus, syn.Lignosus rhinocerotis) to PlantCyc enzymes database identified transcripts that are related to anti-diabetic properties, and these include genes that are involved in carotenoid and abscisic acid biosynthesis as well as genes that code for glyoxalase I, catalase-peroxidases, and superoxide dismutases. The existence of these genes suggests thatL. rhinocerusmay contain bioactive compound(s) with anti-glycation properties that can be exploited for management of diabetic complications. A medium-molecular-weight (MMW) fraction which was obtained from a combination of cold water extraction and Sephadex®G-50 (fine) gel filtration chromatography ofL. rhinocerussclerotia powder was demonstrated to exhibit potent anti-glycation activity. The fraction specifically inhibited the formation of N𝜀-(carboxymethyl)lysine, pentosidine, and other advanced glycation end-product (AGE) structures in a human serum albumin-glucose system, with an IC50value of 0.001 mg/ml, almost 520 times lower than that of the positive control, aminoguanidine hydrochloride (IC50= 0.52 mg/ml). Its ability to suppress protein glycation may be partly associated with its strong superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (10.16 ± 0.12 mmol TE/g). Our results suggest that the MMW fraction ofL. rhinocerusshows potential to be developed into a potent glycation inhibitor for preventing AGE-mediated diabetic complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  18. Chear NJ, Khaw KY, Murugaiyah V, Lai CS
    J Food Drug Anal, 2016 04;24(2):358-366.
    PMID: 28911590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.12.005
    Stenochlaena palustris fronds are popular as a vegetable in Southeast Asia. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the anticholinesterase properties and phytochemical profiles of the young and mature fronds of this plant. Both types of fronds were found to have selective inhibitory effect against butyrylcholinesterase compared with acetylcholinesterase. However, different sets of compounds were responsible for their activity. In young fronds, an antibutyrylcholinesterase effect was observed in the hexane extract, which was comprised of a variety of aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, and phytosterols. In the mature fronds, inhibitory activity was observed in the methanol extract, which contained a series of kaempferol glycosides. Our results provided novel information concerning the ability of S. palustris to inhibit cholinesterase and its phytochemical profile. Further research to investigate the potential use of this plant against Alzheimer's disease is warranted, however, young and mature fronds should be distinguished due to their phytochemical differences.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  19. Mohammed NK, Abd Manap MY, Tan CP, Muhialdin BJ, Alhelli AM, Meor Hussin AS
    PMID: 27642353 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6273817
    The Nigella sativa L. popularly referred to as black seeds are widely used as a form of traditional nutrition and medicine. N. sativa seeds were used for the extraction of their oil by way of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and cold press (CP) to determine the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and thermal behavior. The GC-MS results showed the primary constituents in the Nigella sativa oil (NSO) were Caryophyllene (17.47%) followed by thymoquinone (TQ) (11.80%), 1,4-Cyclohexadiene (7.17%), longifolene (3.5%), and carvacrol (1.82%). The concentration of TQ was found to be 6.63 mg/mL for oil extracted using SFE and 1.56 mg/mL for oil extracted by CP method. The antioxidant activity measured by DPPH and the IC50 was 1.58 mg/mL and 2.30 mg/mL for SFE oil and cold pressed oil, respectively. The ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) activity for SFE oil and CP oil was 538.67 mmol/100 mL and 329.00 mmol/100 mL, respectively. The total phenolic content (TPC) of SFE oil was 160.51 mg/100 mL and 94.40 mg/100 mL for CP oil presented as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). This research showed that a high level of natural antioxidants could be derived from NSO extracted by SFE.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
  20. Ezzat SM, Okba MM, Ezzat MI, Aborehab NM, Mohamed SO
    PMID: 31223329 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4341592
    Background. Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Fam.: Simaroubaceae), known as Tongkat Ali (TA), has been known as a symbol of virility and sexual power. The aim of the study was to screen E. longifolia aqueous extract (AE) and isolates for ROCK-II inhibition. Results. The AE (1-10 μg/ml) showed a significant inhibition for ROCK-II activity (62.8-81%) at P < 0.001 with an IC50 (651.1 ± 32.9 ng/ml) compared to Y-27632 ([(+)-(R)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride]) (68.15-89.9 %) at same concentrations with an IC50 (192 ± 8.37 ng/ml). Chromatographic purification of the aqueous extract (AE) allowed the isolation of eight compounds; stigmasterol T1, trans-coniferyl aldehyde T2, scopoletin T3, eurycomalactone T4, 6α- hydroxyeurycomalactone T5, eurycomanone T6, eurycomanol T7, and eurycomanol-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside T8. This is the first report for the isolation of T1 and T3 from E. longifolia and for the isolation of T2 from genus Eurycoma. The isolates (at 10 μg/ml) exhibited maximum inhibition % of ROCK-II 82.1 ± 0.63 (T2), 78.3 ± 0.38 (T6), 77.1 ± 0.11 (T3), 76.2 ± 3.53 (T4), 74.5 ± 1.27 (T5), 74.1 ± 2.97 (T7), 71.4 ± 2.54 (T8), and 60.3 ± 0.14 (T1), where the newly isolated compound trans-coniferyl aldehyde T2 showed the highest inhibitory activity among the tested isolated compounds and even higher than the total extract AE. The standard Y-27632 (10 μg/ml) showed 89.9 ± 0.42 % inhibition for ROCK-II activity when compared to control at P < 0.0001. Conclusion. The traditional use of E. longifolia as aphrodisiac and for male sexual disorders might be in part due to the ROCK-II inhibitory potential.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inhibitory Concentration 50
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