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Solubility of ionic surfactants below their Krafft point in mixed micellar solutions: Phase diagrams for methyl ester sulfonates and nonionic cosurfactants

Danov KD, Stanimirova RD, Kralchevsky PA, Slavova TG, Yavrukova VI, Ung YW, et al.

J Colloid Interface Sci, 2021 Nov;601:474-485.
PMID: 34090025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.147

HYPOTHESIS: Many ionic surfactants with wide applications in personal-care and house-hold detergency show limited water solubility at lower temperatures (Krafft point). This drawback can be overcome by using mixed solutions, where the ionic surfactant is incorporated in mixed micelles with another surfactant, which is soluble at lower temperatures.
EXPERIMENTS: The solubility and electrolytic conductivity for a binary surfactant mixture of anionic methyl ester sulfonates (MES) with nonionic alkyl polyglucoside and alkyl polyoxyethylene ether at 5 °C during long-term storage were measured. Phase diagrams were established; a general theoretical model for their explanation was developed and checked experimentally.
FINDINGS: The binary and ternary phase diagrams for studied surfactant mixtures include phase domains: mixed micelles; micelles + crystallites; crystallites, and molecular solution. The proposed general methodology, which utilizes the equations of molecular thermodynamics at minimum number of experimental measurements, is convenient for construction of such phase diagrams. The results could increase the range of applicability of MES-surfactants with relatively high Krafft temperature, but with various useful properties such as excellent biodegradability and skin compatibility; stability in hard water; good wetting and cleaning performance.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Fulltext The pH of very dilute solutions of weak acids-a calculation involving the application of numerical skills to the solution of a cubic equation

Peter Michael Barling

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2014;8(2):24-29.
MyJurnal

This paper presents the solution to a calculation of the pH of a very dilute solution of a weak acid, taking into account the effect of the hydroxonium ions generated from the ionization of the acid on the ionization of water, also a very weak acid. To be solved successfully, this calculation involves the concepts of conservation of charge, pH, equilibria and the application of the general solution to a cubic equation. Such an exercise requires the application of skills in algebra, and can provide a core of understanding that can prepare advanced students for many different sorts of calculations that represent real-life problems in the chemical sciences. A programme is presented in C++ which enables the work of students to be individualized so that each student in a class can work through a slightly different pH calculation, in such a way that a class supervisor can quickly check each student’s result for accuracy.This exercise is presented as a potential means of enabling students to undertake and master similar types of calculations involving the application of complex algebra to problems related to equilibria and solution dynamics.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions; Pharmaceutical Solutions
Fulltext Synthesis and evaluation of a molecularly imprinted polymer for Pb(II) ion uptake

Nor Azah Yusof, Beyan, Appri, Md. Haron Jelas, Nor Azowa Ibrahim

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2009;17(1):-.
MyJurnal

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), with the ability to bind Pb(II) ion, was prepared using the non-covalent molecular imprinting methods and evaluated as a sorbent for the Pb(II) ion uptake. 4-vinylbenzoic acid was chosen as the complexing monomer. The imprinted polymer was synthesized by radical polymerization. The template (Pb(II) ions) was removed using 0.1 M HCl. As a result, the efficient adsorption was found to occur at pH 7. The result also showed the applicability of the Langmuir model for the sorption, with the maximum sorption capacity of 204.08 μg/mg.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Fulltext New reaction kinetic model derived from molecular dynamics simulation data on non-linearity of rate coefficients and their relation to activity coefficients

Jesudason, C.G.

ASM Science Journal, 2007;1(1):7-18.
MyJurnal

Molecular dynamics reaction simulation showed that the rate constant is not constant over the concentration profile of reactants and products over a fixed temperature regime, and this variation is expressed in terms of the defined reactivity coefficients. The ratio of these coefficients for the forward and backward reactions were found to equal that of the activity coefficient ratio for the product and reactant species. A theory was developed to explain kinetics in general based on these observations. Several other theorems had first to be developed, most striking of all was the inference that the excess Helmholtz free energy was the thermodynamical function which had a direct relation to these activity factors than the Gibbs free energy. The theory is applied to a class of ionic reactions which could not be rationalized using the standard Bjørn-Bjerrum theory of ionic reactions.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Fulltext Global colour scale for tmeline events in ion dynamics

Sharif, J.M., Latiff, M.S.A., Ngadi, M.A.

ASM Science Journal, 2007;1(2):109-128.
MyJurnal

Spatio-temporal datasets are a collection of datasets where data can vary in both space and time. Theoretically, such datasets can be considered as continuous and discrete. For example, specification of the function, F: Ed  T Rn, where Ed denotes d-dimensional Euclidean space, T = R* ∩ {} the domain of time and Rn an n-dimensional scalar field. Examples of such data sets include time-varying simulation results, film and videos, time-varying medical datasets, geometry models with motion or deformation, meteorological measurements, and many more. It is therefore highly desirable to use visualisation to summarize meaningful information in higher dimensional spatio-temporal datasets. Our aim is to conceive an efficient visual study to facilitate scientists in identifying temporal association among complex and chaotic atom movements in ion trajectories. An application that uses a streamline for spatial motion of ion trajectories and Colour Number Coding Scheme for temporal encoding of high degree of timeline events among mobile ions is proposed. With an anthology of the visual examples, it was revealed that this application would be beneficial for scientists to visually mine any 3D spatio-temporal dataset.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Fulltext Effectiveness of domestic water filters in removing suspended solids, residual chlorine and coliform bacteria

Chong, Chee Kheong, Vijayakumar, G., Teoh, Leong Hooi, Siti Zubaidah, A.R., Mohamed Sapian, M., Abdul Rahim, A.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2003;3(2):38-40.
MyJurnal

Water filters are being increasingly promoted and used in the home. There are many types of commercial water jilters available for domestic use but almost all of them employ a physical filter media and an activated substance. The study showed that water filters effectively removed suspended solids and residual chlorine. However, as far as removing colhform bacteria is concerned, in ZZ .5% of the cases, bacteria were in fact introduced into the water. And in 20% ofthe cases, the amount of bacteria introduced was “too numerous to count (TNTC)". Furthermore, water hlters can lose their ability to filter bacteria without losing their ability to filter suspended solids and residual chlorine. This highlights the necessity of some authorized body looking into the claims made by these water filter manufacturers and impose certain standards to ensure that at the very least, the water quality ofthe hltered water is not worse than the unfiltered water.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Measurement of the Splitting Function in pp and Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV

Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Ambrogi F, Asilar E, Bergauer T, et al.

Phys Rev Lett, 2018 Apr 06;120(14):142302.
PMID: 29694107 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.142302

Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.

Matched MeSH terms: Heavy Ions
Phase dependent structural perturbation of a robust multicomponent assembled icosahedral array

Ling I, Kumari H, Mirzamani M, Sobolev AN, Garvey CJ, Atwood JL, et al.

Chem Commun (Camb), 2018 Sep 25;54(77):10824-10827.
PMID: 30140821 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05650a

We report on the assembly of three-fold axially compressed icosahedral arrays of the bowl shaped p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene molecules in the solid-state, intricately bound to dipicolinate and yttrium(iii) ions, with the compression reflected in Hirshfeld surface analyses. Solution studies show dissolution of the icosahedra intact, but with a geometrical rearrangement to regular icosahedra.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Removal of Sr2+ using high-surface-area hydroxyapatite synthesized by non-additive in-situ precipitation

Kim J, Sambudi NS, Cho K

J Environ Manage, 2019 Feb 01;231:788-794.
PMID: 30419434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.100

Owing to their high-risk factor, many attempts have been made to remove radionuclides from water. Sr2+ ions are the target of removal by synthesized hydroxyapatite in this research. A facile method for synthesizing high-surface-area hydroxyapatite by in-situ precipitation using excess diammonium phosphate solution and without any additive was developed. The highest surface area achieved using this method was 177.00 m2/g, and the synthesized hydroxyapatite was also mesoporous. The effects of different pH, temperatures, and ion concentrations during synthesis on the properties of the hydroxyapatite were assessed, and it was found that a low temperature and high pH were optimal for synthesizing high-surface-area hydroxyapatite. The maximum strontium removal capacity of 28.51 mg/g was achieved when the pH-7.5 solution was used. This performance is competitive in comparison with previously developed synthesized materials. Synthesized hydroxyapatite could effectively remove radioactive strontium from an aqueous solution for nuclear waste management.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Fulltext Glycerol-Mediated Facile Synthesis of Colored Titania Nanoparticles for Visible Light Photodegradation of Phenolic Compounds

Nawaz R, Kait CF, Chia HY, Isa MH, Huei LW

Nanomaterials (Basel), 2019 Nov 08;9(11).
PMID: 31717416 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111586

In this study, we developed a glycerol-mediated safe and facile method to synthesize colored titania nanoparticles (NPs) via solution route. Our method is considerably effective and greener than other options currently available. Colored titania NPs were produced by hydrolyzing TiCl4 precursor in aqueous solution containing different concentrations of glycerol (0.0, 1.163, 3.834, and 5.815 mol/L) and subsequent calcination at 300 °C for 1 h. Our results highlight firstly that glycerol-mediated synthesis is unlikely to affect the anatase crystalline structure of TiO2, and secondly, that it would lead to coloration, band gap narrowing, and a remarkable bathochromic redshift of the optical response of titania. More importantly, the synthesized colored titania have Ti3+ ions, which, at least in terms of our samples, is the major factor responsible for its coloration. These Ti3+ species could induce mid gap states in the band gap, which significantly improve the visible light absorption capability and photocatalytic performance of the colored titania. The photocatalytic experiments showed that the colored TiO2 NPs prepared in 1.163 mol/L aqueous glycerol solution displayed the best photocatalytic performance. Almost 48.17% of phenolic compounds and 62.18% of color were removed from treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) within 180 min of visible light irradiation.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Ion conductive polymer electrolyte membranes and simulation of their fractal growth patterns

Amir S, Mohamed N, Hashim Ali S

Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1123-1127.

Due to their high ionic conductivity, solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) systems have attracted wide spread attention as the most appropriate choice to fabricate all-solid-state electrochemical devices, namely batteries, sensors and fuel cells. In this work, ion conductive polymer electrolyte membranes have been prepared for battery fabrication. However, fractals were found to grow in these polymer electrolyte membranes weeks after they were prepared. It was believed that the formation of fractal aggregates in these membranes were due to ionic movement. The discovery of fractal growth pattern can be used to understand the effects of such phenomenon in the polymer electrolyte membranes. Digital images of the fractal growth patterns were taken and a simulation model was developed based on the Brownian motion theory and a fractal dialect known as L-system. A computer coding has been designed to simulate and visualize the fractal growth.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Kesan Komposisi Magnesium ke atas Pemagnetan dan Kerintangan Elektrik Ferit Mnx-zMgzZn1-xFe2O4 (Effects of Magnesium Composition on the Magnetization and Electrical Resistivity of Mnx-zMgzZn1-xFe2O4 Ferrites)

Ahmad Nazlin Yusoff, Mustaffa Hj. Abdullah, Sahrin Hj. Ahmab, Ng L

Sains Malaysiana, 1996;25.

Sampels of Mnx-zMgzZn1-xFe2O4 ferrites, with x = 0.5, 0 < z < 0.5; x = 0.6, 0 < z 0.6 and x = 0.7, 0 < z < 0.7, were prepared by solid state reaction. For all samples, magnetization as a function of applied magnetic field was measured at room temperature (TR) and several temperatures above TR but below the Neel temperature (TN); while magnetic hysteresis was obtained at TR and 373 K using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Electrical resistivity at TR was measured by a two terminal method. The three series of Mn-Mg-Zn ferrite indicate a maximum ,agnetization at certain substitution of Mg. TN increased with the increase of Mg content while resistivity varied in the opposite manner. The variation of magnetization is interpreted as due to Mg started to replace the Mn at the tetrahedral sites (A) so that the resultant magnetic moment increased. However further substitution occurred at the octahedral sites (B), thus lowering the magnetic moment. A small coercivity indicates that the samples are soft ferrites with a small energy loss. A reduction in the electrical resistivity with Mg content probably due to an increase in the mobility of charge hopping between the Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions and also between Mn2+ and Mn3+ ions.
Sampel ferit Mnx-zMgzZn1-xFe2O4 dengan x = 0.5, 0 < z < 0.5; x = 0.6, 0 < z 0.6 dan x = 0.7, 0 < z < 0.7, disediakan dengan tindak balas keadaan pepejal. Pengukuran pemagnetan sebagai fungsi medan magnet dilakukan pada suhu bilik (TR) dan suhu-suhu yang lebih tinggi tetapi di bawah suhu Neel bilik (TR) dan suhu-suhu yang lebih tinggi tetapi di bawah suhu Neel (TN) serta histerisis magnet pada suhu bilik dan 373 K diperolehi untuk semua sampel menggunakan magnetometer sampel bergetar (VSM). Kerintangan elektrik pada suhu bilik diperolehi dengan kaedah dua terminal. Ketiga-tiga siri ferit Mn-Mg-Zn itu masing-masing menunjukkan suatu pemagnetan maksimum pada suatu kadar penggantian Mn oleh Mg. TN meningkat dengan kandungan Mg tetapi kerintangan elektrik berubah sebaliknya. Perubahan pemagnetan seperti yang tersebut disebabkan Mg mula menggantikan Mn pada tapak tetrahedron (A) menyebabkan momen magnet paduan meningkat. Penambahan Mg seterusnya menyebabkan Mn pada tapak oktahedron pula diganti, sehingga momen magnet paduan mengurang. Koersiviti yang kecil menunjukkan sampel bersifat magnet lembut dengan kehilangan tenaga yang sangat kecil. Pengurangan kerintangan dengan penambahan Mg mungkin disebabkan oleh peningkatan kelincahan pembawa cas yang melompat di antara ion-ion Fe2+ dan Fe3+ dan juga di antara Mn2+ dan Mn3+.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Influence of humic acids on radium adsorption by coir pith in aqueous solution

Zalina Laili, Muhamad Samudi Yasir, Muhamat Omar, Mohd Zaidi Ibrahim, Philip E

Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39:333-336.

This study examines the influence of humic acids (HA) on adsorption of radium (Ra) ions onto coir pith (CP) in aqueous solution. The adsorption behaviours of Ra ions onto CP under the influence of HA in aqueous solution were investigated in the series of batch mode adsorption experiments. The effects of various experimental conditions such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial concentration of Ra ions have been studied. The results revealed that the presence of HA in aqueous solution enhanced the adsorption of Ra ions onto CP. The adsorption results showed that the percentage of Ra adsorbed was increased with an increase in the pH or alkalinity of aqueous solutions. Time dependence of the batch studies showed that a contact time of one day was sufficient to reach equilibrium. The result also showed that there was no significant difference on the effect of adsorbent dose on adsorption of radium onto CP. It was shown that the equilibrium data could be fitted by Freundlich equation.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Synthesis, characterization, and performance analysis of carbon molecular sieve-embedded polyethersulfone mixed-matrix membranes for the removal of dissolved ions

Qadir D, Nasir R, Mukhtar HB, Keong LK

Water Environ Res, 2020 Sep;92(9):1306-1324.
PMID: 32170974 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1326

The asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES-15 wt.%) mixed-matrix membranes were prepared by incorporation of carbon molecular sieve (CMS) with varying concentrations (1, 3, and 5 wt.%). Physicochemical characterization of synthesized membranes was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, contact angle, thermogravimetric analysis, zeta potential analyzer, porosity, and mean pore sizes. Performance analysis of synthesized mixed-matrix membranes was carried out by varying the operating parameters such as pressure (2-10 bar), feed concentration (100-1,000 mg/L), and cations type (Na+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , and Sn2+ ). Effect of operating parameters and CMS concentration was investigated on pure water flux (PWF), permeate flux, and rejection of membranes. It was found that mixed-matrix membrane containing 15 wt.% PES with 1 wt.% CMS displayed the superior physicochemical characteristics in terms of hydrophilicity (37.9°), surface charge (-13.8 mV), mean pore diameter (6.04 nm), and thermal properties (Tg = 218.5°C), and overall performance. E5C1 membrane showed 1.5 times higher PWF (75.5 L m-2 hr-1 ) and incremented in rejection for all salts than the nascent membrane. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Carbon molecular sieve-embedded mixed-matrix membranes were synthesized by phase inversion method. The resultant membranes experienced improved hydrophilicity, roughness, surface charge, porosity, and mean pore diameter with 1 wt.% CMS loading. The pure water flux was improved from 55.77 to 75.05 L m-2 hr-1 when 1 wt.% CMS was added in pure PES. The observed rejection of a mixed-matrix membrane with 1 wt.% CMS was the maximum for all salts.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Lead adsorption behaviours on nanoscale zero valent irons (nZVI) coupled with rice husk MCM-41

Kaewbuddee C, Chanpiwat P, Kidkhunthod P, Wantala K

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1155-1167.

The aims of this work were to investigate the characteristics of nanoscale zero valent irons (nZVI) coupled with mesoporous
materials (RH-MCM-41) adsorbent and to study the removal mechanisms of Pb (II) from synthetical solutions using full
pictorial design batch experiments. Synthetic nZVI coupled with RH MCM-41 as Pb (II) adsorbent were characterized
by XRD, TEM, BET and XANES. The results of XANES analyses confirmed the ability of RH-MCM-41 to prevent oxidations of
Fe0
to Fe2+ and Fe3+. XANES results also verified the oxidation states of Pb (II). The solution pH was the most significant
positive effect in controlling Pb (II) adsorption. The equilibrium and kinetic adsorption isotherms well fitted with the
Langmuir isotherm. The pseudo-second order kinetic adsorption indicated that the adsorption process is the rate limiting
step for Pb (II) removal. Furthermore, Langmuir-Hinshelwood confirmed the obvious Pb (II) adsorption at the active
site of adsorbents. The reduction rate constant (kr
= 5,000 mg/L.min) was higher than the adsorption rate constant (Kad
= 0.0002 L/mg). Regarding the research results, four pathways including: reduction process, adsorption on FeOOH,
adsorption on RH-MCM-41 and complex reaction between Fe and Pb ions were suggested for Pb (II) removal by nZVI
coupled with RH-MCM-41.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Fulltext Measurement of Long-Range Near-Side Two-Particle Angular Correlations in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

Khachatryan V, Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Asilar E, Bergauer T, et al.

Phys Rev Lett, 2016 Apr 29;116(17):172302.
PMID: 27176516 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.172302

Results on two-particle angular correlations for charged particles produced in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are presented. The data were taken with the CMS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of about 270 nb^{-1}. The correlations are studied over a broad range of pseudorapidity (|η|<2.4) and over the full azimuth (ϕ) as a function of charged particle multiplicity and transverse momentum (p_{T}). In high-multiplicity events, a long-range (|Δη|>2.0), near-side (Δϕ≈0) structure emerges in the two-particle Δη-Δϕ correlation functions. The magnitude of the correlation exhibits a pronounced maximum in the range 1.0

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Nanovesicle and extracellular polymeric substance synthesis from the remediation of heavy metal ions from soil

Budamagunta V, Shameem N, Irusappan S, Parray JA, Thomas M, Marimuthu S, et al.

Environ Res, 2023 Feb 15;219:114997.
PMID: 36529326 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114997

Heavy metal toxicity affects aquatic plants and animals, disturbing biodiversity and ecological balance causing bioaccumulation of heavy metals. Industrialization and urbanization are inevitable in modern-day life, and control and detoxification methods need to be accorded to meet the hazardous environment. Microorganisms and plants have been widely used in the bioremediation of heavy metals. Sporosarcina pasteurii, a gram-positive bacterium that is widely known for its calcite precipitation property in bio-cementing applications has been explored in the study for its metal tolerance ability for the first time. S. pasteurii SRMNP1 (KF214757) can tolerate silver stress to form nanoparticles and can remediate multiple heavy metals to promote the growth of various plants. This astounding property of the isolate warranted extensive examinations to comprehend the physiological changes during an external heavy metal stress condition. The present study aimed to understand various physiological responses occurring in S. pasteuriiSRMNP1 during the metal tolerance phenomenon using electron microscopy. The isolate was subjected to heavy metal stress, and a transmission electron microscope examination was used to analyze the physiological changes in bacteria to evade the metal stress. S. pasteurii SRMNP1 was tolerant against a wide range of heavy metal ions and can withstand a broad pH range (5-9). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) examination of S. pasteurii SRMNP1 followed by 5 mM nickel sulfate treatment revealed the presence of nanovesicles encapsulating nanosized particles in intra and extracellular spaces. This suggests that the bacteria evade the metal stress by converting the metal ions into nanosized particles and encapsulating them within nanovesicles to efflux them through the vesicle budding mechanism. Moreover, the TEM images revealed an excessive secretion of extracellular polymeric substances by the strain to discharge the metal particles outside the bacterial system. S. pasteurii can be foreseen as an effective bioremediation agent with the potential to produce nanosized particles, nanovesicles, and extracellular polymeric substances. This study provides physiological evidence that, besides calcium precipitation applications, S. pasteurii can further be explored for its multidimensional roles in the fields of drug delivery and environmental engineering.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Metal organic frameworks as promising sensing tools for electrochemical detection of persistent heavy metal ions from water matrices: A concise review

Shafqat SS, Rizwan M, Batool M, Shafqat SR, Mustafa G, Rasheed T, et al.

Chemosphere, 2023 Mar;318:137920.
PMID: 36690256 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137920

Water bodies are being polluted rapidly by disposal of toxic chemicals with their huge entrance into drinking water supply chain. Among these pollutants, heavy metal ions (HMIs) are the most challenging one due to their non-biodegradability, toxicity, and ability to biologically hoard in ecological systems, thus posing a foremost danger to human health. This can be addressed by robust, sensitive, selective, and reliable sensing of metal ions which can be achieved by Metal organic frameworks (MOF) based electrochemical sensors. In the present era, MOFs have caught greater interest in a variety of applications including sensing of hazardous pollutants such as heavy metal ions. So, in this review article, types, synthesis and working mechanism of MOF based sensors is explained to give general overview with updated literature. First time, detailed study is done for sensing of metal ions such as chromium, mercury, zinc, copper, manganese, palladium, lead, iron, cadmium and lanthanide by MOFs based electrochemical sensors. The use of MOFs as electrochemical sensors has attractive success story along with some challenges of the area. Considering these challenges, we attempted to highlight the milestone achieved and shortcomings along with future prospective of the MOFs for employing it in electrochemical sensing devices for HMIs. Finally, challenges and future prospects have been discussed to promote the development of MOFs-based sensors in future.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Fulltext Stable and Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Supercapacitors Developed Using Ionic-Liquid-Doped Biopolymer Electrolytes

Konwar S, Singh D, Strzałkowski K, Masri MNB, Yahya MZA, Diantoro M, et al.

Molecules, 2023 Jun 29;28(13).
PMID: 37446761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135099

An ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl, 2-methyl imidazolium thiocyanate incorporated biopolymer system is reported in this communication for applications in dual energy devices, i.e., electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The solution caste method has been used to synthesize ionic-liquid-incorporated biopolymer electrolyte films. The IL mixed biopolymer electrolytes achieve high ionic conductivity up to the order of 10-3 S/cm with good thermal stability above 250 °C. Electrical, structural, and optical studies of these IL-doped biopolymer electrolyte films are presented in detail. The performance of EDLCs was evaluated using low-frequency electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and constant current charge-discharge, while that of DSSCs was assessed using J-V characteristics. The EDLC cells exhibited a high specific capacitance of 200 F/gram, while DSSCs delivered 1.53% efficiency under sun conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions
Microwave-assisted upcycling of plastic waste to high-performance carbon anode for lithium-ion batteries

Mohd Abdah MAA, Mohammad Azlan FN, Wong WP, Mustafa MN, Walvekar R, Khalid M

Chemosphere, 2024 Feb;349:140973.
PMID: 38122940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140973

The increasing demand for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has emphasized the need for affordable and sustainable materials, prompting the exploration of waste upcycling to address global sustainability challenges. In this study, we efficiently converted polypropylene (PP) plastic waste from used centrifuge tubes into activated polypropylene carbon (APC) using microwave-assisted pyrolysis. The synthesis of APC was optimized using response surface methodology/central composite design (RSM/CCD). Based on the RSM results, the optimal conditions for PP plastic conversion into carbon were determined as follows: HNO3 concentration of 3.5 M, microwave temperature of 230 °C, and holding time of 25 min. Under these conditions, the obtained intensity ratio of Id/Ig in PP carbon was 0.681 ± 0.013, with an error of 6.81 ± 0.013 % between predicted and actual values. The physicochemical studies, including FESEM-EDX, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy, confirmed the successful synthesis of APC samples. The APC 800 material exhibited a well-organized three-dimensional structure characterized by large pores and mesopores, enabling fast ion transport in the electrode. As a result, the APC 800 electrode demonstrated an initial discharge capacity of 381.0 mAh/g, an improved initial coulombic efficiency of 85.1%, and excellent cycling stability after 100 cycles. Notably, the APC 800 electrode displayed remarkable rate performance, showing a reversible capacity of 355.1 mAh/g when the current density was reset to 0.2 A/g, highlighting its high electrochemical reversibility. The outstanding characteristics of APC 800 as an anode electrode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries suggest a promising future for its application in the field.

Matched MeSH terms: Ions

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