Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 661 in total

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  1. Quoc LPT
    Med J Malaysia, 2023 Mar;78(2):259.
    PMID: 36988539
    No abstract available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva
  2. Selvarajoo PD, Haque RA, Haziz UFM, Avicor SW, Wajidi MFF, Razali MR
    J Inorg Biochem, 2017 10;175:232-238.
    PMID: 28800547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.07.030
    New synthesized bis-imidazolium salts that are linked by xylyl derivatives moiety, 1-4 was reacted with Ag2O to facilitate the formation of dinuclear Ag(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes, 5-8, respectively. All the synthesized ligand salts and complexes were characterized by1H and13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Molecular structures of compounds 3, 5, and 7 were elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Larvicidal studies against the Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus were carried out on all synthesized compounds following the World Health Organization standard larval susceptibility test. All the imidazolium salts were found inactive while the activity of the dinuclear Ag(I)-NHC complexes on mosquito larvae are varies with the nature of the ligands. Complex 7 has high activity on Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, emphasising its potential as a larvicidal compound.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/growth & development
  3. Reid JA
    Bull World Health Organ, 1955;12(5):705-10.
    PMID: 14379006
    After two years' use of hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC) as a larvicide in Georgetown, on Penang Island, control of Culex fatigans breeding became unsatisfactory. Two laboratory colonies of fatigans were established, one from Georgetown, and one from Kuala Lumpur where no insecticides had been used; tests were then made to determine the median lethal concentrations (MLC) of BHC, dieldrin, and DDT for the larvae of the two strains. The Georgetown strain was found to have acquired a tenfold resistance to BHC, and also to dieldrin to which it had not been exposed, but it showed no significant increase of resistance to DDT, to which it had also not been exposed. A year later, when both strains had passed through some ten generations in the laboratory without exposure to insecticides, the Georgetown strain was found to have lost much of its resistance to BHC, although the MLC was still twice that of the non-resistant Kuala Lumpur strain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva*
  4. Ten KE, Muzahid NH, Rahman S, Tan HS
    PLoS One, 2023;18(4):e0283960.
    PMID: 37018343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283960
    Galleria mellonella larvae have been increasingly used in research, including microbial infection studies. They act as suitable preliminary infection models to study host-pathogen interactions due to their advantages, such as the ability to survive at 37°C mimicking human body temperature, their immune system shares similarities with mammalian immune systems, and their short life cycle allowing large-scale studies. Here, we present a protocol for simple rearing and maintenance of G. mellonella without requiring special instruments and specialized training. This allows the continuous supply of healthy G. mellonella for research purposes. Besides, this protocol also provides detailed procedures on the (i) G. mellonella infection assays (killing assay and bacterial burden assay) for virulence studies and (ii) bacterial cell harvesting from infected larvae and RNA extraction for bacterial gene expression studies during infection. Our protocol could not only be used in the studies of A. baumannii virulence but can also be modified according to different bacterial strains.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/microbiology
  5. Aupalee K, Srisuka W, Taai K, Takaoka H, Saeung A
    J Med Entomol, 2023 Nov 14;60(6):1330-1342.
    PMID: 37669777 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad118
    Simulium (Asiosimulium) khongchiamense sp. nov. is described based on females, males, pupae, and mature larvae collected from Khong Chiam District, Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand. It is characterized in the female by the medium-long sensory vesicle, scutum with 3 dark longitudinal vittae and elongate cercus; in the male by the number of upper-eye (large) facets in 17 or 18 vertical rows and 18 or 19 horizontal rows, hind basitarsus moderately enlarged and ventral plate with the posterior margin moderately concave medially; in the pupa by the head and thoracic integument sparsely covered with tubercles and gill of arborescent type with 32 or 33 filaments; and in the larva by the postgenal cleft deep, reaching the posterior margin of the hypostoma and sheath of the subesophageal ganglion dark pigmented. DNA analysis based on COI gene of all known species of the subgenus Asiosimulium, except for S. shanense and S. suchitrae, indicated that this new species can be clearly differentiated from all other related species (S. phurueaense, S. oblongum, S. saeungae, S. furvum, and S. wanchaii) with interspecific genetic distances ranging between 4.79% and 19.18%. This is the eighth species of the subgenus Asiosimulium. Taxonomic notes are given to distinguish this new species from the 7 known species members in its same subgenus. Additionally, keys to species of all members in the subgenus Asiosimulium are provided.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/genetics
  6. Takaoka H, Otsuka Y, Fukuda M, Low VL, Ya'cob Z
    Trop Biomed, 2023 Mar 01;40(1):88-100.
    PMID: 37356008 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.1.007
    Simulium (Gomphostilbia) okinawense Takaoka and S. (G.) tokarense Takaoka, both from the Nansei Islands, Japan, were morphologically reexamined and genetically analysed by using the COI gene sequences. The female, male, pupa and mature larva of the two species are redescribed. Morphological reexamination shows that both species are more similar to species in the S. asakoae species-group than to those in the S. ceylonicum species-group, by having a medium-long female sensory vesicle, yellow tuft hairs (S. (G.) okinawense) or yellow tuft hairs mixed with a few to several dark hairs (S. (G.) tokarense) at the base of the radial vein in the female and male, and medium-long larval postgenal cleft. However, the body of the male ventral plate (viewed ventrally) is parallel-sided (S. (G.) okinawense) or parallelsided or slightly narrowed (S. (G.) tokarense) and not emarginated basally, differing from those of most species in the S. asakoae species-group. Our genetic analysis shows that S. (G.) tokarense is in the S. asakoae species-group, and S. (G.) okinawense formed a separate sister clade with other members of the S. asakoae species-group with high bootstrap support. From the results of morphological and genetic analysis combined, S. (G.) okinawense and S. (G.) tokarense are transferred from the S. ceylonicum species-group to the S. asakoae species-group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/genetics
  7. Taufek NM, Mohamad Zulkifli NFN, Hamizah AN
    J Environ Manage, 2024 Jan 01;349:119467.
    PMID: 37976636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119467
    Innovative solutions are needed to limit environmental effect and optimise resource use as food waste generation rises worldwide. This study investigates the potential of upcycling food waste from fresh markets using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) as a sustainable approach. This study explored four fresh market food waste substrates for BSFL bioconversion: discarded fish waste (FI), slaughtered chicken waste (CHI), vegetable waste (VEG), and a 1:1:1 combination of all three (MIX). Soybean curd residue (SCR) was treated as the control substrate. The effects on larval growth, nutritional content, and waste bioconversion rates were examined. The larvae growth rate was strongly impacted by waste type, with BSF-fed CHI and MIX gaining 18.0 and 16.7 mg/d, respectively, followed by BSF-fed with SCR (12.2 mg/d), FI (8.9 mg/d) and VEG (7.6 mg/d). The waste type did not substantially alter BSFL length. The survival rate of the BSFL fed with the food waste studied ranges from 95 to 98.47%, with SCR being the highest. Our findings indicated that BSFL can effectively convert a variety of fresh market food waste into valuable biomass. CHI waste produced the highest larval biomass and bioconversion rate followed by MIX, SCR, FI and VEG. The different waste stream has a major influence on BSFL biomass nutrition. BSFL nutritional composition is independent of the substrate's nutritional content, indicating no direct correlation between substrate and BSFL biomass nutritional composition. SCR waste produced the highest protein content of BSFL (50.49%), followed by VEG (32.61%), MIX (32.57%), FI (31.03%) and CHI (29.06%). SCR waste also produced BSFL biomass with lowest lipid content (26.55%) compared to other waste which resulted into BSFL with lipid levels ranging from 42.92% to 53.72%. BSFL-fed with SCR is the most suitable to be used as an alternative animal's feed based on the protein and lipid levels, while defatting procedure is necessary for the other waste-fed BSFL to render it suitability as animal feed alternatives. Based on bioconversion rate, BSFL growth, and lipid content, the MIX and CHI waste might be viable substrates for future research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/chemistry
  8. Lee HF, Danaraj TJ
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1972 Mar;21(2):174-7.
    PMID: 5061275
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva Migrans, Visceral/complications; Larva Migrans, Visceral/diagnosis*; Larva Migrans, Visceral/epidemiology; Larva Migrans, Visceral/pathology
  9. Takaoka H, Sofian-Azirun M, Hashim R
    J Med Entomol, 2013 Nov;50(6):1179-89.
    PMID: 24843921 DOI: 10.1603/me13036
    Simulium (Comphostilbia) izuae sp. nov. is described from female, male, pupal, and larval specimens collected from Cameron's Highlands, Peninsular Malaysia. This new species is placed in the asakoae species-group of the subgenus Gomphostilbia. The pupa of this new species is characterized by the gill with eight long filaments arranged as (3 + 3) + 2 filaments, of which the ventral pair of filaments is borne on a stalk that is always shorter than the common basal stalk. Taxonomic notes to distinguish this new species from five other Malaysian species and 12 other species of the asakoae species-group from other countries are given. Keys to identify all 18 species of the asakoae species-group are also provided for females, males, pupae, and mature larvae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/anatomy & histology; Larva/classification
  10. Takaoka H, Sofian-Azirun M, Ya'cob Z
    J Med Entomol, 2013 Jul;50(4):701-8.
    PMID: 23926767
    ABSTRACT A new black fly species, Simulium (Comphostilbia) langkawiense, is described based on adult female, adult male, pupal, and larval specimens collected from Langkawi Island, Malaysia. This new species is similar in the configuration of the pupal gill to Simulium (Comphostilbia) gombakense Takaoka & Davies, 1995, originally described from Peninsular Malaysia, but differs from the latter species by the female genital fork with an anterolaterally angulated plate on each arm, the female tarsal claw tooth shorter than one half of the claw, the small number of male upper-eye large facets, the ventral plate with its ventral margin nearly flat in the middle when viewed posteriorly, and the inflated structure of the pupal gill with a less produced middle portion (width of middle inflated portion: length of inflated structure = 0.24). Taxonomic notes are also given to separate this new species from two other related species from Nepal and India. This represents another example of a unique species of black fly on one of the continental islands of Peninsular Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/anatomy & histology; Larva/classification
  11. Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Saeung A, Choochote W
    J Med Entomol, 2013 May;50(3):493-500.
    PMID: 23802443
    Simulium (Asiosimulium) furvum sp. nov. (Diptera: Simuliidae) is described from female, male, pupal, and larval specimens collected from Maewa National Park, Lampang Province, Thailand. This new species represents the fourth member of the subgenus Asiosimulium Takaoka & Chochoote, one of two small black fly subgenera endemic in the Oriental Region. It is characterized by a pear-shaped spermatheca in the female; a ventral plate in the male with a laterally compressed median keel directed ventrally and with a deep notch posteromedially, and aedeagal membrane with stout spines; and by 22 gill filaments in the pupa. Taxonomic notes are provided to separate this new species from three known species, Simulium (Asiosimulium) oblongum Takaoka & Choochote and Simulium (Asiosimulium) wanchaii Takaoka & Choochote, both from Thailand, and Simulium (Asiosimulium) suchitrae Takaoka from Nepal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/anatomy & histology; Larva/classification
  12. Mukai Y, Sanudin N, Firdaus RF, Saad S
    Zoolog Sci, 2013 Jun;30(6):421-4.
    PMID: 23721464 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.30.421
    In general, African catfish shows higher survival rates in the dark conditions than in the light conditions. In this study, larval behavior of African catfish was observed under 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 lx using a CCD camera to investigate the reason why African catfish larvae show higher survival rates in dark conditions. The larvae showed significantly higher swimming activity under 0, 0.01, and 0.1 lx than that under 10 and 100 lx. The larvae also showed significantly increased aggressive behavior under 10 and 100 lx; the swimming larvae attacked resting individuals more frequently under 10 and 100 lx than under 0, 0.01, and 0.1 lx. The aggressive behavior and sharp teeth of the attacking larvae appeared to induce skin surface lesions on injured larvae. Chemical substances were then generated from the injured skin surface, and these chemical stimuli triggered cannibalistic behavior in other fish near the injured fish. The results of this study demonstrate that the higher survival rates of African catfish larvae under dark conditions are a result of inactivity and subsequent increase in chemical releasing stimuli concentrations around inactive individuals that triggers feeding behavior in nearby active catfish. Therefore, we recommend larval rearing of African catfish in dark or dim conditions, as it improves catfish survival rates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/physiology; Larva/radiation effects
  13. Takaoka H, Sofian-Azirun M, Hashim R, Yacob Z, Chen CD
    J Med Entomol, 2012 Jul;49(4):803-12.
    PMID: 22897040
    Two new species of black flies, Simulium (Comphostilbia) terengganuense sp. nov. and Simulium (Gomphostilbia) aziruni sp. nov. (Diptera: Simuliidae), are described on the basis of reared adult, pupal, and larval specimens collected from Peninsular Malaysia. Both species are placed in the batoense species-group within the subgenus Gomphostilbia, one of two dominant subgenera of the genus Simulium in Peninsular Malaysia as well as in the Oriental Region. Strikingly, three morphological characteristics that rarely occur in the subgenus Gomphostilbia are found in these two new species: the very narrow female frons and the mushroom-like pupal terminal hooks in S. (G.) terengganuense sp. nov. and the pupal gill composed of an inflated horn-like structure and eight slender filaments in S. (G.) aziruni sp. nov.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/anatomy & histology; Larva/classification
  14. Nadchatram M, Traub R
    J Med Entomol, 1971 Dec 15;8(5):562-97.
    PMID: 5160263
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/anatomy & histology; Larva/classification
  15. Morsy H, Mogensen M, Thomsen J, Thrane L, Andersen PE, Jemec GB
    Travel Med Infect Dis, 2007 Jul;5(4):243-6.
    PMID: 17574147
    Cutaneous larva migrans is a parasitic skin eruption caused by migration of larvae of various nematodes. Diagnosis of cutaneous larva migrans is currently based on the clinical signs of the creeping eruption. We are investigating a new diagnostic technology called optical coherence tomography (OCT) , which is potentially able to visualize structures in the skin with an 8 microm resolution. This technology could therefore potentially allow rapid, non-invasive, in vivo diagnosis of infestations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva Migrans/diagnosis*; Larva Migrans/pathology
  16. Kassim NF, Webb CE, Russell RC
    J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 2012 Dec;28(4):312-6.
    PMID: 23393755
    Culex molestus is an obligatory autogenous mosquito that is closely associated with subterranean habitats in urban areas. The objective of our study was to investigate the influence of larval and adult nutrition on the role of males in determining the expression of autogeny in Cx. molestus. Mosquitoes raised at low and high larval diets had sex ratio, wing length, mating rates, autogenous egg raft size, and hatching rates recorded. There was a higher ratio of males to females when raised at a low larval diet. Mean wing lengths of both males and females were significantly greater when raised at the high larval diet regime. Regardless of larval or adult diet, males mated with only a single female. Mosquitoes raised at the higher larval diet regimes developed significantly more autogenous eggs. However, the egg raft size was reduced when adult females were denied access to sugar. The results of this study indicate that the performance of males in the reproductive process is influenced by both larval diet and adult sugar feeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/drug effects; Larva/physiology
  17. Muhammad-Aidil R, Imelda A, Jeffery J, Ngui R, Wan Yusoff WS, Aziz S, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2015 Mar;32(1):183-6.
    PMID: 25801269 MyJurnal
    Mosquitoes are principal vectors of major vector-borne diseases. They are widely found throughout urban and rural areas in Malaysia. They are responsible for various vector-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria, filariasis and encephalitis. A total of 158 mosquito larvae specimens were collected from the National Zoo, Malaysia, from 11 types of breeding habitats during the study period from end of May 2007 to July 2007. Aedes albopictus was the predominant species (35.4%), followed by Tripteroides aranoides (26.6%), Lutzia halifaxii (11.4%), Aedes alboscutellatus (10.1%), Aedes caecus (8.9%), Armigeres spp. (4.4%), Malaya genurostris (2.5%) and Culex vishnui (0.6%). It is important to have a mosquito free environment in a public place like the zoo. Routine larval surveillance should be implemented for an effective mosquito control program in order to reduce mosquito population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/classification; Larva/growth & development
  18. Ahmad Firdaus MS, Marwi MA, Syamsa RA, Zuha RM, Ikhwan Z, Omar B
    Trop Biomed, 2010 Apr;27(1):134-7.
    PMID: 20562824
    Hypopygiopsis violacea, a species of fly of forensic importance, was recovered from a corpse and described for the first time. The morphological structures of the second and third instar larvae of four specimens were examined using light microscope. Observations were focused on three main morphological characters: cephalopharyngeal skeleton, anterior and posterior spiracles. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton of second instar larva is darkly pigmented and without accessory sclerite below the mouth hook. The anterior spiracles of second and third instar larvae have 8-9 papillae each, arranged in a single row. The posterior spiracle of second instar larva has two spiracular slits with no thickening of peritreme. This differentiates it from the third instar, whereby the latter has three slits for each posterior spiracle. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton of third instar larva is heavily pigmented. An accessory sclerite is found below the hook part of third instar larva but is absent in second instar. Peritreme of the posterior spiracle of third instar larva is thick almost complete encircling a button. The intersegmental spines of the cuticular surface are dome-shaped and unicuspid. Third instar larva of this species is large with size approximately 15 mm long. These findings provide important identification features of immature stages of Hy. violacea which could be useful in forensic entomology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/anatomy & histology; Larva/physiology
  19. Butler SG, Steinhoff PO, Dow RA
    Zootaxa, 2016 Nov 03;4184(2):367-375.
    PMID: 27811645 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.2.8
    The final instar larva of Acrogomphus jubilaris Lieftinck, 1964, is described and figured for the first time based on exuviae from four male and one female larvae collected in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. The adults of A. jubilaris are very rarely encountered. The larvae, however, are surprisingly common in forest streams in Borneo. It is compared with A. malayanus Laidlaw, 1925 and A. walshae Lieftinck, 1935, and notes on behavior, distribution and habitat are included. A map including all known records of A. jubilaris is provided.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/anatomy & histology; Larva/classification
  20. Ya'cob Z, Takaoka H, Low VL, Sofian-Azirun M
    Acta Trop, 2017 Mar;167:31-39.
    PMID: 27986545 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.009
    In recent decades, the numbers of cryptic taxa have increased significantly with current progress in DNA barcoding, yet, most of these cryptic taxa have not been formally named and recognized as valid species. To address this issue, we provide a guide for applying the procedure of describing new cryptic species in the family Simuliidae. Simulium (Simulium) vanluni from Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia, previously treated as S. nobile De Meijere, is described as a new species by using an integrated morpho-taxonomical and genetic approach. This new species is morphologically identical to S. nobile from Java and S. kiuliense Smart & Clifford from Borneo, but their distinctiveness is supported by an expanded multigene phylogeny analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/anatomy & histology; Larva/genetics
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