Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 429 in total

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  1. Malik RA, Andag-Silva A, Dejthevaporn C, Hakim M, Koh JS, Pinzon R, et al.
    J Diabetes Investig, 2020 Sep;11(5):1097-1103.
    PMID: 32268012 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13269
    Burning and stabbing pain in the feet and lower limbs can have a significant impact on the activities of daily living, including walking, climbing stairs and sleeping. Peripheral neuropathy in particular is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed because of a lack of awareness amongst both patients and physicians. Furthermore, crude screening tools, such as the 10-g monofilament, only detect advanced neuropathy and a normal test will lead to false reassurance of those with small fiber mediated painful neuropathy. The underestimation of peripheral neuropathy is highly prevalent in the South-East Asia region due to a lack of consensus guidance on routine screening and diagnostic pathways. Although neuropathy as a result of diabetes is the most common cause in the region, other causes due to infections (human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B or C virus), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, drug-induced neuropathy (cancer chemotherapy, antiretrovirals and antituberculous drugs) and vitamin deficiencies (vitamin B1 , B6 , B12 , D) should be actively excluded.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology*; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/pathology
  2. Tee TY, Khoo CS, Ibrahim NM, Osman SS
    Neurol India, 2019 3 13;67(1):297-299.
    PMID: 30860142 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.253620
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System/pathology; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy*; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology*
  3. Lim CY, Low TH, Sivanoli R, Teh KK, Thuraisingham R
    ANZ J Surg, 2014 Jan-Feb;84(1-2):93-4.
    PMID: 24165375 DOI: 10.1111/ans.12231
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  4. Choo KE
    Med J Malaysia, 1983 Jun;38(2):167-9.
    PMID: 6621451
    Two cases of Hypomelanosis of Ito are described; presenting with depigmented whorl-like, zig-zag, bizzare cutaneous manifestations associated with central nervous system disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Diseases*
  5. Coonan E, Tatum W
    Epilepsy Behav, 2021 04;117:107882.
    PMID: 33690067 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107882
    Illicit drugs are used to produce a sense of euphoria in the user. Like marijuana, kratom is a plant-based substance. The leaves of the Mitragyna speciosa tree were used to treat mild medical conditions in Thailand and Malaysia as a stimulant in low doses, and sedative and analgesic at high doses. Over recent years, kratom gained popularity as a recreational drug among younger individuals in Southeast Asia due to its availability as a cheap and easily assessable substance with euphoric effects. This trend has rapidly made its way to the West. Unlike marijuana, in the United States kratom's use as an inexpensive herbal recreational "supplement" is poorly popularized. However, emerging reports garnished from use as a recreational drug reveals a potential health hazard. Seizures and neurological consequences have been reported from kratom abuse. Complex pharmacokinetics place patients at further risk of side effects and drug interactions. Still, individuals can legally purchase kratom at stores and through online distributers in capsule form or as teas, powders, and extracts under the veil of a harmless herbal remedy. Without United States Food and Drug Administration oversight, kratom has a high potential for abuse and without regulatory control threatens public safety.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Stimulants*
  6. Chang CY
    Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 2021;54:e0192 2021.
    PMID: 33950130 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0192-2021
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Viral Diseases*
  7. Siddiqui R, Ali IK, Cope JR, Khan NA
    Acta Trop, 2016 Dec;164:375-394.
    PMID: 27616699 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.009
    Naegleria fowleri is a protist pathogen that can cause lethal brain infection. Despite decades of research, the mortality rate related with primary amoebic meningoencephalitis owing to N. fowleri remains more than 90%. The amoebae pass through the nose to enter the central nervous system killing the host within days, making it one of the deadliest opportunistic parasites. Accordingly, we present an up to date review of the biology and pathogenesis of N. fowleri and discuss needs for future research against this fatal infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections/parasitology*
  8. Cheng, Yin Tan, Lingam, Ganeshwara, Suhailah Abdullah, Ai, Huey Tan, Tai, Sharon Mei-Ling, Norlisah Ramli, et al.
    Neurology Asia, 2015;20(1):79-84.
    MyJurnal
    Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare vasculitis restricted to the central nervous system without systemic involvement. Delay in diagnosis and treatment is common due to its non-specific symptoms and lack of non-invasive diagnostic tests. Myelopathy can occur in PACNS, during the clinical course of the illness, with or without cerebral symptoms. We describe here a 51 year-old ethnic Chinese woman who presented initially with paraparesis without cerebral symptoms. The diagnosis of PACNS was eventually made from brain biopsy when she subsequently developed cerebral involvement. Despite aggressive treatment, the patient developed progressive neurological deterioration and died. This patient demonstrates the rare occurrence of myelopathy as the sole initial presentation of PACNS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System; Vasculitis, Central Nervous System
  9. Arumugasamy N
    Med J Malaya, 1966 Sep;21(1):66-9.
    PMID: 4224881
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis*
  10. Lim CC, Chong HS, Yong DJ, Foong SK, Prepageran N
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 04;73(2):114-115.
    PMID: 29703877 MyJurnal
    Schwannoma of cervical sympathetic chain is a rare cause of neck swelling. We report a 73- year-old male presented with anterior neck triangle swelling mimicking a carotid body tumour. Surgical excision was done, and the histopathological examination reported as ancient schwannoma. We would like to discuss the important differential diagnoses and highlight the possibility of an ancient schwannoma of cervical sympathetic chain masquerading as carotid body tumour. Also, to emphasise the importance of imaging for pre-operative planning and counselling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms; Sympathetic Nervous System
  11. El-Sabban F, Zariah A, Murgan V
    JUMMEC, 2000;5:17-23.
    The use of brain slice preparatiotis has become ilicreasiligly popular among scientists of different disciplines in recent decades for the study of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) in general and of synaptic phenomena in particular. The in vitro hippocampal slice may be the single most used preparation, among other slices of different parts of the brain areas. The use of brain slices in different experimental work offers certain advantages over the in vivo approaches to the study of the CNS; however, such preparations may have some limitations. This review describes the hippocampal slice technique, explores some of the different types of studies in which it was employed and points out the advantages and limitations of its use. KEYWORDS: Hippocalnpal slices, brain slices, technique, synaptic function, electrophysiology, in vitvo.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System; Nervous System
  12. Payus AO, Liew Sat Lin C, Mohd Noh M, Jeffree MS, Ali RA
    Bosn J Basic Med Sci, 2020 Aug 03;20(3):283-292.
    PMID: 32530389 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4860
    The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is believed to have emerged from an animal source and has been spreading rapidly among humans. Recent evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 exhibits neurotropic properties and causes neurological diseases. Here, we review the literature on neurological involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infections and the possible mechanisms of invasion of the nervous system by this virus, to provide a summary and critical analysis of the early reporting of neurological involvement in COVID-19. An exhaustive search of scientific articles on neurological involvement in COVID-19 was performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline/PubMed, and several other databases. Nineteen relevant articles that had been published or were in preprint were carefully selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on our research, we found that patients with COVID-19 can present with neurological symptoms that can be broadly divided into central nervous system involvement, such as headache, dizziness, altered mental state, and disorientation, and peripheral nervous system involvement, such as anosmia and hypogeusia. Most of these patients are in the older age group and exhibit comorbidities, especially hypertension, and severe infection. In extreme presentations of COVID-19, some patients exhibit seizures, stroke, flaccid paraparesis, corticospinal weakness, and even coma. Moreover, the neurological man-ifestations can occur independently of the respiratory system. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause multiple neurological syndromes in a more complex presentation. Therefore, this review elucidated the involvement of the nervous system in SARS-CoV-2 infection and will hopefully help improve the management of COVID-19.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/virology*
  13. Lim TT
    Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2017 Nov;44:106-109.
    PMID: 29097081 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.08.017
    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an overview of paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders presenting with various movement disorders.

    RECENT FINDINGS: The spectrum of paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders has been expanding with the discovery of new antibodies against cell surface and intracellular antigens. Many of these paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders manifest as a form of movement disorder. With the discovery of new neuronal antibodies, an increasing number of idiopathic or neurodegenerative movement disorders are now being reclassified as immune-mediated movement disorders. These include anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis which may present with orolingual facial dyskinesia and stereotyped movements, CRMP-5 IgG presenting with chorea, anti-Yo paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration presenting with ataxia, anti-VGKC complex (Caspr2 antibodies) neuromyotonia, opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome, and muscle rigidity and episodic spasms (amphiphysin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, glycine receptor, GABA(A)-receptor associated protein antibodies) in stiff-person syndrome.

    SUMMARY: Movement disorders may be a presentation for paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders. Recognition of these disorders and their common phenomenology is important because it may lead to the discovery of an occult malignancy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System*
  14. Khan NA, Ong TYY, Siddiqui R
    ACS Chem Neurosci, 2017 04 19;8(4):687-688.
    PMID: 28225265 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00049
    Brain infections due to Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Naegleria fowleri often lead to death. Despite differences in the preferential sites of infection in the brain, the mode of delivery of drugs is often intravenous. Here, we discuss targeted therapeutic approach to affect parasite viability without affecting the host cells, with an eye to improve formulation of drugs and/or administration of drugs against brain-eating amoebae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections/drug therapy*
  15. Wong CK, Ng CF, Tan HJ, Mukari SAM
    BMJ Case Rep, 2021 May 24;14(5).
    PMID: 34031085 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-242090
    Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is a rare autoimmune encephalitis characterised by ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and altered consciousness. An overlap between BBE with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) shows similar clinical and immunological features. We report a case of BBE with GBS overlap secondary to Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. The triad of altered consciousness, ataxia and ophthalmoplegia were present in the patient. The investigations included cerebrospinal fluid cytoalbuminological dissociation, nerve conduction test that showed prolonged or absent F wave latencies, hyperintensity in the left occipital region on brain MRI and diffuse slow activity on the electroencephalogram. The chlamydia serology was positive indicating a postinfectious cause of BBE syndrome. He required artificial ventilation as his consciousness level deteriorated with tetraparesis, oropharyngeal and respiratory muscle weakness. Immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone was commenced. He made good recovery with the treatment. Prompt recognition of this rare condition following chlamydia infection is important to guide the management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System*
  16. Peyman A, Kabiri M, Peyman M
    Breast J, 2015 Sep-Oct;21(5):543-4.
    PMID: 26174775 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12451
    Here, we present a case of tonic pupil associated with occult breast cancer as a paraneoplastic neuro-ophthalmology syndrome. A 45-year-old woman developed progressive photophobia and blurred vision due to unilateral Adie's tonic pupil. Magnetic resonance image of her brain and neurological examination (including deep tendon reflexes) were normal at first visit. Follow-up examinations performed by ophthalmologist every 6 month without any change in her condition. After 2 years, patient discovered a mass in her breast which identified to be malignant after diagnostic procedures. Despite surgical and medical treatment for cancer, no change in the ocular condition was happened.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System/complications*; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System/diagnosis; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System/surgery
  17. Kim SS
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1047-1059.
    Kertas ini mengkaji teknologi pengelupasan untuk menghasilkan grafin, grafin oksida (GO) dan grafin oksida terturun
    (rGO). Empat teknologi pengelupasan yang utama dikenal pasti dalam tinjauan ini iaitu pengelupasan mekanik,
    pengelupasan cecair, interkalasi-pengelupasan dan pengoksidaan-pengelupasan-penurunan. Setiap teknologi ini
    dibincangkan daripada segi kualiti grafin, grafit nanoplat, GO dan rGO yang dihasilkan dan langkah utama proses
    termasuk bahan kimia yang digunakan. Kami juga membuat satu kajian kemudah-capaian dan analisis sensitiviti untuk
    menubuhkan satu kilang penghasilan grafin yang berasaskan teknologi pengelupasan, saiz pasaran grafin dan bahan
    mentahnya iaitu grafit. Berdasarkan kitar gemburan Gartner, teknologi dan produk yang berasaskan grafin terletak di
    tiga lokasi iaitu lembah kekecewaan, cerun pencerahan dan dataran tinggi produktivit
    Matched MeSH terms: Autonomic Nervous System Diseases
  18. Jaffari R, Hashmani MA, Reyes-Aldasoro CC
    Sensors (Basel), 2021 Apr 16;21(8).
    PMID: 33923472 DOI: 10.3390/s21082803
    The segmentation of power lines (PLs) from aerial images is a crucial task for the safe navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating at low altitudes. Despite the advances in deep learning-based approaches for PL segmentation, these models are still vulnerable to the class imbalance present in the data. The PLs occupy only a minimal portion (1-5%) of the aerial images as compared to the background region (95-99%). Generally, this class imbalance problem is addressed via the use of PL-specific detectors in conjunction with the popular class balanced cross entropy (BBCE) loss function. However, these PL-specific detectors do not work outside their application areas and a BBCE loss requires hyperparameter tuning for class-wise weights, which is not trivial. Moreover, the BBCE loss results in low dice scores and precision values and thus, fails to achieve an optimal trade-off between dice scores, model accuracy, and precision-recall values. In this work, we propose a generalized focal loss function based on the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) or the Phi coefficient to address the class imbalance problem in PL segmentation while utilizing a generic deep segmentation architecture. We evaluate our loss function by improving the vanilla U-Net model with an additional convolutional auxiliary classifier head (ACU-Net) for better learning and faster model convergence. The evaluation of two PL datasets, namely the Mendeley Power Line Dataset and the Power Line Dataset of Urban Scenes (PLDU), where PLs occupy around 1% and 2% of the aerial images area, respectively, reveal that our proposed loss function outperforms the popular BBCE loss by 16% in PL dice scores on both the datasets, 19% in precision and false detection rate (FDR) values for the Mendeley PL dataset and 15% in precision and FDR values for the PLDU with a minor degradation in the accuracy and recall values. Moreover, our proposed ACU-Net outperforms the baseline vanilla U-Net for the characteristic evaluation parameters in the range of 1-10% for both the PL datasets. Thus, our proposed loss function with ACU-Net achieves an optimal trade-off for the characteristic evaluation parameters without any bells and whistles. Our code is available at Github.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases
  19. Suriana Che Awang, Khadijah Alavi
    MyJurnal
    Penggunaan media sosial tanpa budaya civik dan nilai etika dalam kalangan pelajar telah menjerumuskan ramai pelajar IPTA dalam kancah buli siber. Buli secara maya boleh dilakukan dalam muatnaik perkataan kejam, gambar dan video mangsa bagi menguggut, menghasut, fitnah, membalas dendam sehingga pemangsa merasakan dirinya hebat dan berkuasa. Durasi pantas semua maklumat boleh disebarluaskan dalam kadar pantas dengan jangkauan seluas dunia. Antara faktor buli siber berlaku dalam awal dewasa ialah cemburu, menanggih perhatian kawan media sosial, kapasiti ‘jaguh” atau gengster dalam media sosial. Kajian terdahulu lebih mefokuskan kepada fenomena buli dalam kalangan remaja, pelajar sekolah dan pengguna media massa. Manakala, amat kurang kajian berkaitan isu buli siber dalam kalangan mahawiswa. Objektif utama kajian ini ialah meneroka impak buli siber dalam kalangan pelajar UKM. Pendekatan kajian kes digunakan sebagai rekabentuk metodologi kajian ini. Pembinaan garis panduan soalan semi-struktur digunakan untuk temu bual responden. Seramai 6 orang responden telah dipilih bagi kajian ini dengan menggunakan teknik persampelan bertujuan (purposive sampling). Lokasi kajian yang dipilih ialah Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Data temubual berstruktur dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat lima kesan utama iaitu masalah emosi, kemurungan, keinginan untuk membunuh diri, kesedihan yang berlebihan, ketakutan dan perasaan marah tidak terkawal yang ditemukan transkrip responden kajian. Implikasi kajian ini diharapkan dapat mencadangkan program intervensi dan advokasi yang sesuai kepada pekerja sosial dalam mengendalikan kes buli siber di Bahagian Kaunseling Siswa, UKM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autonomic Nervous System Diseases
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