Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 213 in total

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  1. Balasbaneh AT, Ramli MZ
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020 Dec;27(34):43186-43201.
    PMID: 32734541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10141-3
    In recent years, off-site volumetric construction has been promoted as a viable strategy for improving the sustainability of the construction industry. Most prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction (PPVC) structures are composed of either steel or concrete; thus, it is imperative to carry out life cycle assessments (LCAs) for both types of structures. PPVC is a method by which free-standing volumetric modules-complete with finishes for walls, floors, and ceilings-are prefabricated and then transferred and erected on-site. Although many studies have examined these structures, few have combined economic and environmental life cycle analyses, particularly for prefinished volumetric construction buildings. The purpose of this study is to utilize LCA and life cycle cost (LCC) methods to compare the environmental impacts and costs of steel and concrete PPVCs "from cradle to grave." The results show that steel necessitates higher electricity usage than concrete in all environmental categories, while concrete has a higher emission rate. Steel outperforms concrete by approximately 37% in non-renewable energy measures, 38% in respiratory inorganics, 43% in land occupation, and 40% in mineral extraction. Concrete, on the other hand, performs 54% better on average in terms of measures adopted for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Steel incurs a higher cost in the construction stage but is ultimately the more economical choice, costing 4% less than concrete PPVC owing to the recovery, recycling, and reuse of materials. In general, steel PPVC exhibits better performance, both in terms of cost and environmental factors (excluding GHG emissions). This study endeavors to improve the implementation and general understanding of PPVC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations
  2. Er HM, Wong PS, Nadarajah VD
    BMC Med Educ, 2023 Jun 02;23(1):397.
    PMID: 37268906 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04368-0
    BACKGROUND: Open book examinations have been used to assess students' higher order cognitive skills. These examinations can be conducted online remotely with the advancement of technology. However, there are concerns regarding its validity and reliability particularly if the examinations are not proctored. The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions of faculty and students in health professions programmes about remote online open book examinations (ROOBE).

    METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 22 faculty staff who were involved in ROOBE in health professions programmes. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. The perceptions of 249 medical students were obtained using an online questionnaire after they completed ROOBE.

    RESULTS: The faculty agreed that open book examinations could promote students' higher order cognitive skills and reduce students' stress. However, they were concerned about students' academic integrity during non-invigilated ROOBE which could affect recognition by accreditation and professional bodies. The shift from traditional practice of closed-book examinations to ROOBE required change management with the support of guidelines and faculty training.  Majority of the students claimed that the examinations were challenging as they assessed their ability to apply knowledge in real world problems. Nevertheless, they preferred ROOBE due to less anxiety and memorisation, and more emphasis on problem solving skills. The shortcomings were insufficient time for information searching during examinations and uncertainty in preparedness for future practice as they focused less on memorisation of factual knowledge during examination preparation. Cheating among peers and internet instability during non-invigilated ROOBE were the concerns highlighted by some students.

    CONCLUSIONS: Faculty and students expressed favourable views about ROOBE in promoting higher order cognitive skills. Adequate technological support was essential during ROOBE. While there was a need to address issues related to academic integrity, ROOBE could be included as an authentic assessment within the systems of assessment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Health Occupations
  3. Boufkhed S, Thorogood N, Ariti C, Durand MA
    BMJ Glob Health, 2024 Feb 05;9(2).
    PMID: 38316464 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013521
    BACKGROUND: The exploitation of migrant workers ranks high on global political agendas including the Sustainable Development Goals. Research on exploited workers, using assessment tools where exploitation is defined by professional experts, indicates serious health concerns and needs. Yet, migrant workers are rarely asked about their understanding of a phenomenon they may experience. Our study aimed to conceptualise 'labour exploitation' from the perspective of migrant workers employed in manual low-skilled jobs.

    METHODS: Twenty-seven Latin Americans working in London (UK) participated in Group Concept Mapping; a participatory mixed-method where qualitative data are collected to define a concept's content and then analysed using quantitative methods to generate a structured conceptual framework. Participants generated statements describing the concept content during brainstorming sessions, and structured them during sorting-rating exercises. Multi-Dimensional Scaling and Cluster Analysis were performed, generating a conceptual framework that clarified the dimensions, subdimensions and constituent statements of the concept of labour exploitation from migrant workers' perspectives.

    RESULTS: Three key dimensions were identified: 'poor employment conditions and lack of protection', covering contractual arrangements and employment relations; 'disposability and abuse of power' (or 'dehumanisation') covering mechanisms or means which make migrant workers feel disposable and abused; and 'health and safety and psychosocial hazards' encompassing issues from physical and psychosocial hazards to a lack of health and social protection. 'Dehumanisation' has not been included in mainstream tools assessing exploitation, despite its importance for study participants who also described harsh situations at work including sexual, physical and verbal abuse.

    CONCLUSION: Our study provides a conceptual framework of labour exploitation that gives voice to migrant workers and can be operationalised into a measure of migrant labour exploitation. It also calls for the dimension 'dehumanisation' and structural forms of coercion to be integrated into mainstream conceptualisations, and their workplace hazards to be urgently addressed.

    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations
  4. Sundram BM, Dahlui M, Chinna K
    Iran J Public Health, 2014 Mar;43(3):263-72.
    PMID: 25988085
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of individual-focused stress management training namely Deep Breathing Exercise (DBE) on self-perceived occupational stress among male automotive assembly-line workers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations
  5. Pau A, Jeevaratnam K, Chen YS, Fall AA, Khoo C, Nadarajah VD
    Med Teach, 2013 Dec;35(12):1027-41.
    PMID: 24050709 DOI: 10.3109/0142159X.2013.829912
    The Multiple Mini-Interview (MMI) has been used increasingly for selection of students to health professions programmes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Occupations*
  6. McKimm J, Ramani S, Kusurkar RA, Fornari A, Nadarajah VD, Thampy H, et al.
    Perspect Med Educ, 2020 12;9(6):385-390.
    PMID: 33051804 DOI: 10.1007/s40037-020-00623-y
    BACKGROUND: Conversations about educational challenges and potential solutions among a globally and culturally diverse group of health professions' educators can facilitate identity formation, mentoring relationships and professional network building. The COVID-19 pandemic has made it even more important to co-create and disseminate knowledge, specifically regarding online and flexible learning formats.

    APPROACH: Based on the principles of social learning, we combined speed mentoring and world café formats to offer a virtual Zoom™ workshop, with large and small group discussions, to reach health professions' educators across the globe. The goal was to establish a psychologically safe space for dialogue regarding adaptation to online teaching-learning formats.

    EVALUATION: We aimed to establish psychological safety to stimulate thought-provoking discussions within the various small groups and obtain valuable contributions from participants. From these conversations, we were able to formulate 'hot tips' on how to adapt to (sometimes new) online teaching-learning formats while nurturing teacher and student wellbeing.

    REFLECTION: Through this virtual workshop we realized that despite contextual differences, many challenges are common worldwide. We experienced technological difficulties during the session, which needed rapid adaptation by the organising team. We encouraged, but did not pressure, participants to use video and audio during breakout discussions as we wanted them to feel safe and comfortable. The large audience size and different time zones were challenging; therefore, leadership had to be resilient and focussed. Although this virtual format was triggered by the pandemic, the format can be continued in the future to discuss other relevant global education topics.

    Matched MeSH terms: Health Occupations/education*
  7. Astuti EW, Suryani E, Rosalinna, Abdullah SKBF
    Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:28-33.
    PMID: 32713579 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.018
    OBJECTIVE: Health professionals are unable to solve the family problems. Practically, health professionals are encouraged to make collaboration. One effort to improve health professional readiness is by joining the interprofessional education (IPE). Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta is implementing one Team One Family-Community Internship Program Interprofessional Education and Collaboration (OTOF-CIPIPEC). This research aims to examine the effect of OTOF-CIPIPEC Implementation within the health students on readiness, teamwork, perception to the other professions and participants' satisfaction.

    METHOD: This research is a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post without control research approach. The research population covers all students registered joining OTOF CIPIPEC at Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta with a total number of 1061 of students. The samples are collected using a total sampling technique. The samples for this research are those registered joining the OTOF CIPIPEC at Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria with a total number of 1031 of students. This research utilizes the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) questionnaires as its measuring instruments. This study was conducted in Mojosongo sub-district, Jebres district, Surakarta. This research involves 38 Community Units (In Indonesia known as Rukun Warga/RW) with a total number of 1066 of family heads and the Sibela Community Health Center. The data are analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and multiple linear regression test.

    RESULT OF THE STUDY: The research results showed that there is a significant difference of readiness improvement, teamwork, and perception on other professions and satisfaction of the research subjects before and after joining OTOF-CIPIPEC (ρ<0.001). The average improvement scores of students' readiness, teamwork, perception, and satisfaction are 63.2%, 62.5%, 62.57%, and 113.04% respectively. The results of the multivariate analysis show that teamwork and perception significantly influence the students' readiness in their collaboration with the other professions (ρ<0.001) with the influence value of 0.93%.

    CONCLUSION: This research concludes that OTOF-CIPIPEC implementation may improve readiness, teamwork, and perception of other professions and students' satisfaction in interprofessional education (IPE).

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Health Occupations*
  8. Tuan Abdullah TN, Mat Min R, Hossain M, Abdullah SS
    F1000Res, 2019;8:1994.
    PMID: 33214871 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21079.3
    Background: In Malaysia, there are still lack of studies  related to the challenges of people infected with HIV (PIWH). Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the experiences of PIWH and how they cope with HIV. Methods: This qualitative study was based on a social constructivist and grounded theory approach. A total of 12 PIWH were selected by purposive sampling, all of whom participated in semi-structured and audio-recorded interviews, which were supported with non-participant observations and diary entries on three occasions for each participant. The interviews and diaries were transcribed and analysed using the grounded theory approach, which was assisted by utilizing NVIVO-8 to identify the themes related to the experiences of the participants. Results: PIWH experienced challenges related to their career and relationships with family and others. These challenges led to difficulties in gaining employment and career development, as well as feelings of denial, being uncomfortable, rejection, and labelling. They found that their lives were totally and dramatically changed after being tested positive for HIV. Conclusions: Among PIWH, HIV impacted relationships with significant others and career development. The absence of support and acceptance from significant others affected the ability of PIWH to cope with their daily challenges. The results of this study have implications for policymakers in terms of gaining sufficient knowledge and awareness to provide prevention programmes for HIV/AIDS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations*
  9. Reerink E, Nafisah bte Alihussein
    Med Educ, 1990 Jul;24(4):359-65.
    PMID: 2395428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02452.x
    In the government hospitals of Malaysia quality assurance activities have been introduced since 1985. Local clinicians and other health care workers had been stimulated by the Ministry of Health to pursue these activities, but they found themselves untrained and ill-prepared for the job. With the help of the World Health Organization a programme of training courses has been set up and conducted, most recently, in February 1989. A model for teaching quality assurance was developed, geared towards the needs of the Malaysian clinicians and taking into account the recent progress made in the development of quality assurance approaches worldwide. Moreover, quality assurance results from one Malaysian hospital were used, thus increasing the relevance of the teaching. Results show that Malaysian clinicians have appreciated the training and have relaxed in their attitude towards quality assurance and the government's involvement in it. During the various courses pitfalls have been identified in the teaching of modern quality assurance in health care for audiences from developing and newly industrialized countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Occupations/education*
  10. HARRIS CH
    Med J Malaya, 1962 Sep;17:55-61.
    PMID: 13952910
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations*
  11. Taha Almahbashi, Syed Aljunid, Aniza Ismail
    MyJurnal
    Student's feedback is one of the most important considerations in health profession quality management. One of the most popular approaches for receiving feedback from students within individual institutions is the Student Satisfaction Approach. The aim of this study was to measure the satisfaction with educational services among health profession students and the determinants of satisfaction. Cross-sectional study was conducted in the main campus of the High Institute of Health Sciences in Yemen, including its eight branches. A self-directed questionnaire was distributed to 327 students who were randomly selected. The participation rate was very high: 94% (309/327); 57.9% were male and 42.1% were female. Overall, 59% of students were totally satisfied, 35% were partially satisfied; however only 6% of them were not satisfied. Results showed that personal development was the highest component of satisfaction among students, while the research subjects showed less–satisfaction with the learning resources. The findings provide valuable insights and offer recommendations for improvement in terms of quality management in health profession education.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Occupations; Students, Health Occupations
  12. Nik-Nasir NM, Md-Yasin M, Ariffin F, Mat-Nasir N, Miskan M, Abu-Bakar N, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Dec 15;19(24).
    PMID: 36554769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416888
    Physical activity (PA) in the form of structured or unstructured exercise is beneficial for health. This paper aims to study PA levels across four domains according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and its associated factors. A total of 7479 Malaysian adult participants between 18 to 90 years old from the REDISCOVER study who completed the IPAQ were analyzed. PA was calculated as MET-min per week and were categorized according to insufficiently active, sufficiently active and very active. Multinomial regression was used to determine the association between sociodemographic, clinical factors and the level of PA. The mean age of the participants was 51.68 (±9.5 SD). The total reported physical activity in median (IQR) was 1584.0 (0-5637.3) MET-min per week. The highest total for PA was in the domestic domain which is 490 (0-2400) MET-min per week. Factors associated with sufficiently active or very active PA include Malay ethnicity, no formal education, elementary occupation, current smokers and high HDL. Whereas low income, male and normal BMI are less likely to participate in sufficiently active or very active PA. Intervention to encourage higher PA levels in all domains is important to achieve recommended PA targets.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations*
  13. Che' Man AB, Lim HH
    Singapore Med J, 1983 Jun;24(3):135-9.
    PMID: 6635675
    A study was carried out to determine ventilatory capacity (Forced Expiratory Volume or FEV1 and Forced Vital Capacity or FVC) in apparently normal Malay office workers in Malaysia. The subjects, 78 males and 113 females, were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire to exclude those with symptoms or past history of cardiopulmonary disease. Measurements of age, height, weight, FEV, and FVC were made on each subject; the FEV, and FVC were measured using Vitalograph spirometers. The mean FEV, and FVC for males were 3.35 litres and 3.76 Iitres, respectively. For females, the mean FEV, and FVC were 3.46 and 2.72 Iitres, respectively. Height was positively correlated with FEV, and FVC (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations*
  14. Vanderschmidt L, Massey JA, Arias J, Duong T, Haddad J, Noche LK, et al.
    Am J Public Health, 1979 Jun;69(6):585-90.
    PMID: 443499
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Occupations/education*
  15. Win NN, Nadarajah VD, Win DK
    PMID: 25961676 DOI: 10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.17
    PURPOSE: Problem-based learning (PBL) is usually conducted in small-group learning sessions with approximately eight students per facilitator. In this study, we implemented a modified version of PBL involving collaborative groups in an undergraduate chiropractic program and assessed its pedagogical effectiveness.
    METHODS: This study was conducted at the International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and involved the 2012 chiropractic student cohort. Six PBL cases were provided to chiropractic students, consisting of three PBL cases for which learning resources were provided and another three PBL cases for which learning resources were not provided. Group discussions were not continuously supervised, since only one facilitator was present. The students' perceptions of PBL in collaborative groups were assessed with a questionnaire that was divided into three domains: motivation, cognitive skills, and perceived pressure to work.
    RESULTS: Thirty of the 31 students (97%) participated in the study. PBL in collaborative groups was significantly associated with positive responses regarding students' motivation, cognitive skills, and perceived pressure to work (P<0.05). The students felt that PBL with learning resources increased motivation and cognitive skills (P<0.001).
    CONCLUSION: The new PBL implementation described in this study does not require additional instructors or any additional funding. When implemented in a classroom setting, it has pedagogical benefits equivalent to those of small-group sessions. Our findings also suggest that students rely significantly on available learning resources.
    KEYWORDS: Chiropractic; Learning; Motivation; Perception; Problem-based learning
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Health Occupations
  16. Zainul Ibrahim Bin Zainuddin
    MyJurnal
    The effects of radiation on man and his health had been noticed since the early years after the discovery of X-rays. These biological concerns were more commonly known as “radio-sensitiveness” in the early publications. Later, the term radiation protection was introduced to express the need for protective measures to be promoted, formulated, implemented, evaluated and sustained to reduce the biological effects associated with radiation exposure. The principles of radiation protection were then supported with the concepts of justification, ALARA and “Benefits against the risks”. But these could not ensure that the application of radiation protection has been optimized. Amidst the technological advancements associated with radiation based imaging modalities in healthcare for more than 120 years, those advancements have yet to be able reduce the impact of these modalities being a source of risks upon the more beneficial role as a
    diagnostic tool. This paper reports a review on radiation protection from articles indexed in an online database. Considering that the titles of the articles contain the core subject matter that a publication carries, data were retrieved on those titles with the term “radiation protection”. Publications from 2008 to middle of November 2017 and aligned to Medicine and Health professions were included for further elaborations. The data were classified into four subject areas; education and training, administration and organization, practice and research. Discussions within each classification and their individual sub-classifications, supported by selected publications to the classification, highlight the importance of the particular subject area to the overall concept of radiation protection. Lessons learnt from the classifications could provide the necessary guidance on how one should adopt and adapt the concept of radiation protection holistically. The discussions that are presented are seen within the professional obligation in adhering to the principles of
    radiation protection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Occupations
  17. Lua, P.L., Imilia, I.
    MyJurnal
    Objectives: Occupational stress among healthcare workers is an important concern due to its crucial contribution in attaining maximum job output and optimal quality of working life. Our study aims to compare job stress levels of healthcare employees based on 1) sector, 2) category and 3) specialisation. Methods: Stress severity and frequency were evaluated using the 9-point scale Job Stress Survey (Job Stress, Job Pressure, Lack of Support). A crosssectional sample of 223 healthcare providers were enrolled from seven health institutions in Peninsular Malaysia (East Coast = 55%; mean age = 30 years; female = 78.9%; < 2 years experience = 35.9%; government-based = 48%; supportive = 62.8%). Results: No significant difference was found between government and private sector workers. Supportive staff reported significantly higher stress frequency in contrast to professionals who demonstrated significantly higher stress severity in all dimensions (p < .05). Within the supportive group, radiographers were the most stressed, followed by nurses and medical laboratory technologists (p > .05). Research-based professionals experienced significantly worse stress frequency in all components compared to professional practitioners (p < .05). Conclusion: Because stress levels are affected by job category and specialisation, flexible strategies to ensure employees’ job productivity, contentment and personal well-being should be implemented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations
  18. TAN, S. G., Adibah, A.B., LIEW, P. L.
    MyJurnal
    Known as ‘belangkas’ in Malaysia, horseshoe crabs have been used by locals for food, bait and as fertilizer. Currently, these ancient mariners are gaining a lot of attention as the amoebocyte from their blood are harvested by the biomedical industry for use to detect human pathogens in patients, injectable drugs and intravenous devices.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Occupations
  19. Tejamaya M, Phanprsit W, Kim J, Tsai FJ, Muto G, Miller D, et al.
    Ind Health, 2022 Dec 01;60(6):589-598.
    PMID: 35022363 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2021-0227
    The types of workplaces and occupations with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) clusters vary between countries and periods. We aimed to characterize major occupational groups with mass outbreaks of COVID-19 infections in several Asia-Pacific countries. Data on the major occupations or workplaces reporting COVID-19 cases in workplaces from January 2020 to July 2021 was collected from industrial hygiene professionals in nine countries. The proportion of workers accounted for 39.1 to 56.6% of the population in each country. The number of workers covered in the national statistics varies among nations based on their definition of a worker. None of the countries examined here have systematically collected occupational data on COVID-19 illnesses and deaths classified by type of industry, occupation, or job. Most countries experienced COVID-19 clusters among health and social care workers (HSCW) in hospitals or long-term care facilities. The types of occupations or workplaces with virus clusters in some participating countries included prisons, call centers, workplaces employing immigrants, garment facilities, grocery stores, and the military, which differed among countries, except for a few common occupations such as HSCW and those populated by immigrants. Further study is necessary in order to seek ways to control infection risks, including revisions to industrial-health-related laws.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations
  20. Nadarajah VD, Ramani S, Findyartini A, Sathivelu S, Nadkar AA
    Med Teach, 2023 Aug;45(8):799-801.
    PMID: 36943436 DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2023.2186206
    In this paper, we reflect on what inclusion can mean to the global Health Professions Education (HPE) community, the impact of lack of inclusion, and offer suggestions on how to be inclusive. To illustrate the impact of inclusion, we offer perspectives from the lens of a medical student, junior doctor, educators, and educational leaders. The viewpoints offered in this communication can be useful to broaden and nurture inclusive pedagogy and scholarship. Furthermore, since the aim of HPE is high quality patient care and social advocacy, emphasising inclusion in HPE could enhance inclusion in patient care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Occupations
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