Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 78 in total

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  1. Ahmad A, Nazar Z, Swaminathan D
    Oral Health Prev Dent, 2018 7 22;16(3):281-289.
    PMID: 30027167 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a40759
    PURPOSE: To investigate the association between plasma CRP levels and periodontal disease during pregnancy.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six pregnant women attending the Antenatal Clinic, UMMC for their first antenatal check-up consented and were recruited for this study: 28 subjects with diseased periodontium (test group) and 28 subjects with healthy periodontium (control). The test group underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy and the control group was given oral hygiene education. Periodontal parameters and CRP levels were evaluated at baseline and 6 weeks. Pregnancy outcome data were recorded from the Antenatal Clinic, UMMC.

    RESULTS: Plasma CRP levels in the test group were statistically significantly elevated compared to the control group (8.55 ± 5.28 mg/l vs 5.66 ± 2.91 mg/l). After nonsurgical periodontal therapy, a statistically significant reduction in the CRP level in the test group (2.06 mg/l) along with statistically significant improvement in periodontal status in both groups was observed. The mean birth weight for infants of both groups showed no statistically significant difference.

    CONCLUSIONS: Plasma CRP levels in pregnant women with diseased periodontium were statistically significantly reduced after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. However, no association between CRP levels and adverse pregnancy outcome was observed.

    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology; Periodontal Diseases/therapy*
  2. Jaffar N, Ishikawa Y, Mizuno K, Okinaga T, Maeda T
    PLoS One, 2016;11(7):e0159466.
    PMID: 27438340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159466
    The biofilm degradation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is essential as a complete periodontal disease therapy, and here we show the effects of potential probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus spp. for the biofilm of several serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains. Eight of the 13 species showed the competent biofilm degradation of ≥ 90% reduction in biofilm values in A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 (serotype b) as well as four of the seven species for the biofilm of A. actinomycetemcomitans OMZ 534 (serotype e). In contrast, the probiotic bacteria did not have a big impact for the degradation of A. actinomycetemcomitans SUNY 75 (serotype a) biofilm. The dispersed A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 cells through the biofilm detachment were still viable and plausible factors for the biofilm degradation were not due to the lactic acid and low pH conditions. The three enzymes, protease, lipase, and amylase may be responsible for the biofilm degradation; in particular, lipase was the most effective enzyme for the biofilm degradation of A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 along with the protease activity which should be also important for the other serotypes. Remarkable lipase enzyme activities were detected from some of the potential probiotics and a supporting result using a lipase inhibitor presented corroborating evidence that lipase activity is one of the contributing factors for biofilm degradation outside of the protease which is also another possible factor for the biofilm of the other serotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains. On the other hand, the biofilm of A. actinomycetemcomitans SUNY 75 (serotype a) was not powerfully degraded by the lipase enzyme because the lipase inhibitor was slightly functional for only two of potential probiotics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases/microbiology; Periodontal Diseases/therapy*
  3. Mustafa H, Cheng CH, Radzi R, Fong LS, Mustapha NM, Dyary HO
    Pol J Vet Sci, 2021 Sep;24(3):365-373.
    PMID: 34730299 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.138727
    Periodontitis is a highly prevalent, chronic immune-inflammatory disease of the periodontium that results in the periodontium and alveolar bone loss's progressive destruction. In this study, the induction of periodontal disease via retentive ligature, lipopolysaccharide, and their combination at three different times were compared in a rat model. Seventy-two Sprague Dawley rats were distributed into four treatment groups: 1) control group with no treatment; 2) application of 4/0 nylon ligature around second maxillary molars; 3) combination of ligature and LPS injection (ligature-LPS); 4) intragingival injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) to the palatal mucosa of the second maxillary molars. Six rats were sacrificed from each group after 7, 14, and 30 days of periodontal disease induction. Alveolar bone loss, attachment loss, number of inflammatory cells, and blood vessels were evaluated histologically. A micro-CT scan was used as a parameter to know the rate of alveolar bone loss. Parametric data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction with a significance set at 5%. Non-parametric data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, followed by multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction. The histological results revealed significant destructive changes in the periodontal tissues and alveolar bone following the ligature and ligature-LPS induction techniques. These changes were evident as early as seven days, maintained until 14 days post-treatment, and declined with time. The ligature technique was effective in inducing acute periodontal disease. The LPS injection technique did not induce alveolar bone loss, and its combination to ligature added insignificant effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases/etiology*; Periodontal Diseases/pathology
  4. Pulikkotil SJ, Nath S
    J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2013 Feb;23(2):164-5.
    PMID: 23374528 DOI: 02.2013/JCPSP.164165
    The trial compared wound healing clinically, histologically and morphometrically after the use of fibrin sealant and sutures for periodontal flap closure. Ten patients were selected for this split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial. On the test site fibrin sealant (F) was applied for flap closure after periodontal flap surgery (n = 10) and on the control site sutures (S) were used (n = 10). Clinically wound healing was observed at 7, 14 and 21 days and biopsy was taken on the 8th day. At seventh day better healing was observed in fibrin sealant site. Histologically mature epithelium and connective tissue formation was seen in fibrin sealant site with increased density of fibroblasts (F = 70.45 ± 7.22; S = 42.95 ± 4.34, p < 0.001) and mature collagen fibers. The suture site had more number of inflammatory cells (S = 32.58 ± 4.29; F = 20.91 ± 4.46, p < 0.001) and more number of blood vessels (S = 11.89 ± 3.64; F = 5.74 ± 2.41, p = 0.005). Fibrin sealant can form a better alternative to sutures for periodontal flap surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases/pathology; Periodontal Diseases/surgery*
  5. Ramasamy C
    Infect Disord Drug Targets, 2015;15(3):141-52.
    PMID: 26321324
    OBJECTIVES: Polyphenols constitute the major component in green tea, which represent a cluster known as catechins. The presence of polyphenols, especially the amino acid theanine and catechins with its antioxidant properties in green tea make them ideal for medicinal- dental applications. The objective of the paper is to delineate the role of green tea polyphenols in periodontal disease.

    METHODS: The Pub med data base was searched for human clinical studies, reviews pertinent to application of green tea polyphenols in periodontal health dating from Sep 1980- Sep 2014.

    RESULTS: The retrieved inference from the epidemiological surveys, in vitro studies and overviews of polyphenols, postulate green tea as potential natural antioxidant. Green tea mouthwashes possess limitations, which make them ineffective during the chronic stages of periodontitis. Human studies reveal that the prognosis of periodontal disease is better when the green tea catechins are used via local drug delivery.

    CONCLUSION: The maintenance of periodontal health could be enhanced by emphasizing the habit of drinking green tea in periodontitis patients. The future scope of the research demands the analysis of polyphenols at molecular level to have a better understanding of its overwhelming applications.

    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases/drug therapy*; Periodontal Diseases/prevention & control
  6. Hanapiah F, Yaacob H, Ghani KS, Hussin AS
    J Nihon Univ Sch Dent, 1993 Sep;35(3):171-4.
    PMID: 8246038
    Histiocytosis X is a rare disorder with no particular predilection for race, age or sex. Since its discovery by Hand in 1893, the etiology has remained unknown, although viruses, bacteria and genetic factors have been implicated. Familial occurrence of this disease is very rare, and only a handful of such cases have been reported. The present study adds further evidence to support the influence of genetic factors in the etiology of histiocytosis X.
    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases/etiology*; Periodontal Diseases/pathology
  7. Chaudhary FA, Ahmad B, Bashir U
    BMC Oral Health, 2019 06 26;19(1):127.
    PMID: 31242898 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0819-0
    BACKGROUND: There is a limited understanding about the oral health of patients with facial burn, hence the aim was to describe the oral health status and the related risks factors.

    METHODS: This cross-sectional study had randomly and systematically recruited facial burn patients from the Burn Care Center, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, from June of 2016 to July of 2017. Intraoral examination recorded the DMFT, CPI and OHI-S. Information on the socio-demographic status, self-perceived oral health, oral health behaviours were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and; the burn characteristics were obtained from the patients' medical record. The t-test, ANOVA, SLR, and chi-square test were used to examine the relationship between oral health and each factor. A parameter was derived from the clinical indices using the principal component analysis and used in the multiple linear regression analysis to determine the important factors associated with oral health status.

    RESULTS: A total of 271 burn patients (69% female and 31% male) had participated in the study. All of the participants had caries with mean DMFT = 10.96 (95%CI: 10.67, 11.25). There were 59.0% (95%CI: 53.15, 64.93%) and 66.1% (95%CI: 60.38, 71.73%) of the participants who had periodontitis and poor oral hygiene respectively. About 79 and 80% of the participants rated their dental and periodontal status as poor. About 78% reported brushing once daily and 89% did not practice regular dental visit. The DMFT, CPI and OHI-S were associated with the burn characteristics and oral health behaviours (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases/complications; Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology*
  8. Buzinin SM, Alabsi AM, Tan AT, Vincent-Chong VK, Swaminathan D
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:232535.
    PMID: 25147841 DOI: 10.1155/2014/232535
    The association between diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontal disease has long been established. Most of the researches linking these two very common chronic diseases were based on type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontal disease. However, this study was conducted to investigate the association between type 1 diabetes and chronic periodontal disease in Malaysian subjects. Forty-one Malaysian subjects, of which 20 subjects were type 1 diabetics and with chronic periodontal disease (test group) and 21 subjects with only chronic periodontal disease (control group), were included in the study. Periodontal parameters and plaque samples for microbiological evaluation were done at baseline, 2 and 3 months after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Blood samples were taken from only the test group and evaluated for HbA1c at baseline and 3 months after periodontal therapy. There were no statistically significant difference in periodontal parameters between groups (P>0.05) and no significant improvement in the level of HbA1c in the test group. Microbiological studies indicated that there were significant reductions in the levels of the tested pathogens in both groups. The results of our study were similar to the findings of several other studies that had been done previously.
    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases/complications*; Periodontal Diseases/diagnosis; Periodontal Diseases/therapy*
  9. Ang MY, Dymock D, Tan JL, Thong MH, Tan QK, Wong GJ, et al.
    Genome Announc, 2013;1(6).
    PMID: 24309744 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01025-13
    Parvimonas micra is an important oral microbe that has the ability to grow and proliferate within oral biofilms and is involved in periodontal disease, leading to gingival bleeding, gingival recession, alveolar bone loss, and tooth mobility. However, occasionally these normally oral pathogens can cause infections at other sites in the body. We present the genome sequence of Parvimonas micra strain A293, a smooth Parvimonas micra strain isolated from an abdominal abscess from a patient at Barts Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases
  10. Ang MY, Dymock D, Tan JL, Thong MH, Tan QK, Wong GJ, et al.
    Genome Announc, 2014;2(1).
    PMID: 24526626 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00009-14
    Fusobacterium nucleatum is a bacterial species commonly detected in dental plaque within the human oral cavity, with some strains associated with periodontal disease, one of the most common clinical bacterial infections in the human body. The exact mechanisms of its pathogenesis are still not completely understood. In this study, we present the genome sequence and annotation of F. nucleatum strain W1481, isolated from a periodontal pocket of a dental patient at the University of Bristol, United Kingdom, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing of which showed it to be markedly different from the five previously named subspecies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases
  11. Naik SV, K R, Kohli S, Zohabhasan S, Bhatia S
    Open Dent J, 2016;10:196-206.
    PMID: 27386005 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010196
    The usage of ozone in dentistry has been proposed because of its antimicrobial, disinfectant, biocompatibility and healing properties. In the last decade a number of therapeutic protocols with ozone have been developed to address common dental infections associated with periodontal disease, RCT and caries. Despite these advantages, therapeutic ozone's application in dentistry is limited because of its possible side effects. Hence, dental practitioners need to know the proper usage of ozone therapy that can provide better patient care and considerably cut down the time and cost of the treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases
  12. Nik-Hussein NN, Abdul Muttalib K, Junid NZ, Wan MN, Abang A
    Singapore Dent J, 2004 Dec;26(1):30-8.
    PMID: 15736839
    The aim of the present study was to determine the oral health status of 16-year-old Malaysian school children. The prevalence of caries was 75.5%. More than 60% of subjects had caries experience by teeth (DMFT) scores of 0-3. The largest component of the DMFT and caries experience by surface index was the filled component. Females had higher caries prevalence and caries scores than males. The mouth and tooth prevalences of enamel defects were 56% and 21.8%, respectively. The most common type of enamel defects observed were diffuse opacities, affecting 95.5% of affected subjects and 92.1% of affected teeth. One-third of subjects had healthy gingival conditions, 8.6% had bleeding gingivae, 55.1% had calculus and 3% had pockets. Less than 1% of subjects wore or required dentures. Cleft lip and/or palate was uncommon. This study shows that the prevalence of caries and DMFT scores have declined over the last 30 years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology*
  13. Lappin DF, Robertson D, Hodge P, Treagus D, Awang RA, Ramage G, et al.
    J. Periodontol., 2015 Nov;86(11):1249-59.
    PMID: 26252750 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150149
    BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease is a major complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between glycated hemoglobin and circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) in non-smoking patients suffering from T1DM, with and without periodontitis. In addition, to determine the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGE) in the presence and absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL5 expression by THP-1 monocytes and OKF6/TERT-2 cells.

    METHODS: There were 104 participants in the study: 19 healthy volunteers, 23 patients with periodontitis, 28 patients with T1DM, and 34 patients with T1DM and periodontitis. Levels of blood glucose/glycated hemoglobin (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry [IFCC]) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Levels of IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL5 in plasma were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vitro stimulation of OKF6/TERT-2 cells and THP-1 monocytes was performed with combinations of AGE and P. gingivalis LPS. Changes in expression of IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL5 were monitored by ELISA and real-time polymerase chain reaction.

    RESULTS: Patients with diabetes and periodontitis had higher plasma levels of IL-8 than patients with periodontitis alone. Plasma levels of IL-8 correlated significantly with IFCC units, clinical probing depth, and attachment loss. AGE and LPS, alone or in combination, stimulated IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL5 expression in both OKF6/TERT-2 cells and THP-1 monocytes.

    CONCLUSIONS: Elevated plasma levels of IL-8 potentially contribute to the cross-susceptibility between periodontitis and T1DM. P. gingivalis LPS and AGE in combination caused significantly greater expression of IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL5 from THP-1 monocytes and OKF6/TERT-2 cells than LPS alone.

    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases/complications*
  14. Rahimah AK
    Singapore Dent J, 1994 Jan;19(1):4-7.
    PMID: 9582675
    To obtain the profile of periodontal conditions in West Malaysian adults, five small scale surveys were carried out on selected occupational adult groups, 20-54 years old, between 1987 to 1990. Periodontal assessment was made using the CPITN index. In all, 779 subjects were examined. Results indicated that only 16% of the adults examined had healthy gingivae. Bleeding of the gingivae was limited to the younger (20-24 years) age group. Calculus is highly prevalent in at least 65.5% of all the subjects examined. Periodontal pockets were limited to mostly shallow pockets and the risk of developing pockets increased with increasing age. Both navy personnel and factory workers showed a higher number of healthy sextants across all ages as compared to the other three occupational groups; viz., rubber tappers, villagers and government workers. The rubber tappers were the only group with deep pockets, with the prevalence ranging between 8 to 25%. Implications of the findings to the Malaysian dental delivery system are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology*
  15. Scheutz F, Heidmann J, Poulsen S
    Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 1983 Aug;11(4):255-8.
    PMID: 6576886
    The influx of refugees from Vietnam to the industrialized countries has attracted a certain interest to studies describing the oral health status of these population groups. The present study comprises 361 refugees arriving in Malaysia from Vietnam and collected immediately at the refugee camp on Pulau Bidong. Dental caries, calculus, gingival bleeding and loss of periodontal attachment were recorded. Mean dmft increased from 1.3 for 0-2-yr-olds to 7.4 for 3-5-yr-olds. For 6-9-yr-olds mean DMFT was 2.4 while it ranged between 8.5 and 10.10 for the older age groups. The frequency of secondary lesions was high for all age groups. Calculus increased consistently with age, while gingival bleeding was common even in the youngest age group. Loss of periodontal attachment greater than or equal to 6 mm was rare in all age groups except the oldest (45 yr or older). A strategy for oral health care for these population groups is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology
  16. Ho JY, Yeo BS, Yang XL, Thirugnanam T, Hakeem MF, Sahu PS, et al.
    J Contemp Dent Pract, 2021 Jan 01;22(1):73-79.
    PMID: 34002713
    AIM: This study aimed to compare the level of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17, IL-27, IL-35, and IL-37 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and human plasma of subjects with periodontal disease.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study conducted over a 3-month period at a primary dental clinic in Malaysia, 45 participants were recruited via consecutive sampling and assigned into three groups, namely healthy periodontium group (n = 15), gingivitis group (n = 15), and periodontitis group (n = 15). Gingival crevicular fluid and plasma samples were collected from each participant. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test was conducted to measure the concentration of IL-10, IL-17, IL-27, IL-35, and IL-37. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the interleukin levels between patient groups.

    RESULTS: In GCF samples, IL-17 level was the highest in the periodontitis group (p <0.05), while IL-27 was the lowest (p <0.05). Meanwhile, plasma levels of IL-27 and IL-37 were significantly lower (p <0.05) in the periodontitis group, but plasma IL-35 levels were observed to rise with increasing disease severity.

    CONCLUSION: There are reduced local and systemic levels of IL-27 in periodontitis patients.

    CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Periodontal diseases exert both local and systemic effects, resulting in the destruction of the tooth-supporting structures and contributing to the systemic inflammatory burden. Some of the cytokines that were investigated in the current study, IL-17, IL-27, IL-35, and IL-37, can be potential biomarkers that warrant further longitudinal clinical studies to determine their usefulness as prognostic/diagnostic markers.

    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases*
  17. Nazar Majeed Z, Philip K, Alabsi AM, Pushparajan S, Swaminathan D
    Dis Markers, 2016;2016:1804727.
    PMID: 28074077 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1804727
    Background. Several studies in the last decades have focused on finding a precise method for the diagnosis of periodontal disease in its early stages. Aim. To evaluate from current scientific literature the most common and precise method for gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sample collection, biomarker analytical methods, and the variability of biomarker quantification, even when using the same analytical technique. Methodology. An electronic search was conducted on in vivo studies that presented clinical data on techniques used for GCF collection and biomarker analysis. Results. The results showed that 71.1%, 24.7%, and 4.1% of the studies used absorption, microcapillary, and washing techniques, respectively, in their gingival crevicular fluid collection. 73.1% of the researchers analyzed their samples by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 22.6%, 19.5%, and 18.5% of the researchers included interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), respectively, in their studies as biomarkers for periodontal disease. Conclusion. IL-1β can be considered among the most common biomarkers that give precise results and can be used as an indicator of periodontal disease progression. Furthermore, paper strips are the most convenient and accurate method for gingival crevicular fluid collection, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be considered the most conventional method for the diagnosis of biofluids.
    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases/diagnosis*
  18. Moreira BJ
    Int Dent J, 1973 Dec;23(4):559-72.
    PMID: 4149258
    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology
  19. Akram Z, Abduljabbar T, Hanif A, Khan A, Vohra F
    Niger J Clin Pract, 2017 05;20(5):595-599.
    PMID: 28513519 DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.197017
    OBJECTIVES: To assess the attitude and knowledge of family medicine practitioners (FMPs) towards the association between periodontal disease and obesity.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed and a 13-item survey questionnaire was given to FMPs practicing in 12 different teaching hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. The questions were aimed at exploring the knowledge of FMP's regarding the association of obesity and periodontal disease and their attitude towards the association of obesity and periodontal disease. Chi-square and Spearman co-efficient were conducted to compare subgroups and correlate factors with the knowledge score of FMPs.

    RESULTS: A total of 314 questionnaires were completed (response rate = 92%). Median age of participants was 41 years and 57% were females. Almost 61% of FMPs answered all the knowledge questions correctly and 64% reported moderate understanding of the association between periodontal health and obesity. Nearly 73% FMPs inquired from obese patients regarding the periodontal disease and more than half (58%) refer patients to a dentist for evaluation. More than half of FMPs perform periodontal disease screening. Nearly all FMPs considered informing obese patients regarding periodontal disease as one of their roles.

    CONCLUSIONS: FMP's play an important role in the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of periodontal conditions in obese patients. More than two thirds of FMPs showed good knowledge of the association of obesity and periodontal disease. The attitudes of FMPs towards assessing and referring obese patients at a risk of having periodontal disease were reassuring.

    Matched MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases/complications*
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