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Insights into the anti-infective effects of Pluchea indica (L.) Less and its bioactive metabolites against various bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites

Hikmawanti NPE, Saputri FC, Yanuar A, Jantan I, Ningrum RA, Mun'im A

J Ethnopharmacol, 2024 Feb 10;320:117387.
PMID: 37944874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117387

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Pluchea indica (L.) Less (family Asteraceae) is popularly consumed as a medicinal vegetable and used in ethnomedicine to treat various diseases including gastrointestinal problems such as dysentery and leucorrhoea, which are due to bacterial, fungal or parasitic infections. There have been numerous studies on the antimicrobial effects of the plant due to these ethnomedicine use.
AIM OF THIS REVIEW: This review is comprehensively discussed the information on the anti-infective properties of P. indica and its secondary metabolites, and highlight the potential of the plant as a new source of anti-infective agents.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Scientific databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and ACS Publications were used to gather the relevant information on the ability of P. indica to fight infections, with the leaves and roots receiving most of the attention.
RESULTS: Anti-bacterial, anti-mycobacterial, anti-malarial, and anti-viral activities have been the most exploited. Most studies were carried out on the crude extracts of the plant and in most studies the bioactive extracts were not standardized or chemically characterized. Several studies have reported the anti-infective activity of several bioactive components of P. indica including caffeoylquinic acids, terpenoid glycosides, thiophenes, and kaempferol.
CONCLUSIONS: The strong anti-infective effect and underlying mechanisms of the compounds provide insights into the potential of P. indica as a source of new leads for the development of anti-infective agents for use in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch.: a comprehensive review of its pharmacology, phytochemicals, ethnobotanical uses, and therapeutic potential

Kumari R, Negi M, Thakur P, Mahajan H, Raina K, Sharma R, et al.

Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2024 Mar;397(3):1505-1524.
PMID: 37755516 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02694-0

Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch., commonly known as costus, is a perennial herb that has been traditionally used in various indigenous medicinal systems across Asia. Its historical prominence in traditional remedies underscores the need to explore its phytochemical composition, pharmacological properties, and potential therapeutic benefits. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature on the pharmacological properties, phytochemical constituents, ethnobotanical uses, and therapeutic potential of S. costus. An exhaustive search was performed across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, TRIP database, and Science Direct. Both experimental and clinical studies, as well as traditional ethnobotanical records, were considered for inclusion. The phytochemical analysis revealed that S. costus contains a plethora of bioactive compounds, including sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and essential oils, which are responsible for its myriad of medicinal properties. The pharmacological studies have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects, among others. Ethnobotanical data showcased its extensive use in treating ailments like asthma, digestive disorders, and skin conditions. Some clinical trials also underscore its efficacy in certain health conditions, corroborating its traditional uses. S. costus possesses significant therapeutic potential, largely attributable to its rich phytochemical composition; the convergence of its traditional uses and modern pharmacological findings suggests promising avenues for future research, especially in drug development and understanding its mechanism of action in various ailments.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
Fulltext Extract of Carica papaya L. leaves: Standardising its use in dengue fever

Ansari RM

Indian J Pharmacol, 2016 May-Jun;48(3):338-9.
PMID: 27298513 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.182892
Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use*
Is synthetic mouthwash the final choice to treat oral malodour?

Jameel RA, Khan SS, Kamaruddin MF, Abd Rahim ZH, Bakri MM, Abdul Razak FB

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2014 Oct;24(10):757-62.
PMID: 25327922 DOI: 10.2014/JCPSP.757762

The aim of the review was to critically appraise the various pros and cons of the synthetic and herbal agents used in mouthwashes against halitosis and facilitate users to choose appropriate mouthwashes according to their need. Oral Malodour (OMO) or halitosis is a global epidemic with social and psychological impact. Use of mouthwash has been adopted worldwide to control halitosis within a past few decades. Alcohol and Chlorhexidine are common agents in synthetic mouthwashes, while Tannins and Eugenol are derived traditional herbal extracts. Each agent signifies some unique properties distinguishing them from others. Herbal ingredients are gaining the attention of the profession due to its mild side effects and competitive results. Herbal mouthwashes can be a safer choice in combating OMO, as an alternate to synthetic mouthwashes.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use*
Fulltext Emerging anticancer potentials of goniothalamin and its molecular mechanisms

Seyed MA, Jantan I, Bukhari SN

Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:536508.
PMID: 25247178 DOI: 10.1155/2014/536508

The treatment of most cancers is still inadequate, despite tremendous steady progress in drug discovery and effective prevention. Nature is an attractive source of new therapeutics. Several medicinal plants and their biomarkers have been widely used for the treatment of cancer with less known scientific basis of their functioning. Although a wide array of plant derived active metabolites play a role in the prevention and treatment of cancer, more extensive scientific evaluation of their mechanisms is still required. Styryl-lactones are a group of secondary metabolites ubiquitous in the genus Goniothalamus that have demonstrated to possess antiproliferative activity against cancer cells. A large body of evidence suggests that this activity is associated with the induction of apoptosis in target cells. In an effort to promote further research on the genus Goniothalamus, this review offers a broad analysis of the current knowledge on Goniothalamin (GTN) or 5, 6, dihydro-6-styryl-2-pyronone (C13H12O2), a natural occurring styryl-lactone. Therefore, it includes (i) the source of GTN and other metabolites; (ii) isolation, purification, and (iii) the molecular mechanisms of actions of GTN, especially the anticancer properties, and summarizes the role of GTN which is crucial for drug design, development, and application in future for well-being of humans.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use*
Fulltext Preclinical and clinical effects of mistletoe against breast cancer

Marvibaigi M, Supriyanto E, Amini N, Abdul Majid FA, Jaganathan SK

Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:785479.
PMID: 25136622 DOI: 10.1155/2014/785479

Breast cancer is among the most frequent types of cancer in women worldwide. Current conventional treatment options are accompanied by side effects. Mistletoe is amongst the important herbal medicines traditionally used as complementary remedies. An increasing number of studies have reported anticancer activity of mistletoe extracts on breast cancer cells and animal models. Some recent evidence suggests that cytotoxic activity of mistletoe may be mediated through different mechanisms. These findings provide a good base for clinical trials. Various studies on mistletoe therapy for breast cancer patients revealed similar findings concerning possible benefits on survival time, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), remission rate, and alleviating adverse reactions to conventional therapy. This review provides an overview of the recent findings on preclinical experiments and clinical trials of mistletoe for its cytotoxic and antitumor activity and its effect on HRQoL in breast cancer patients. Moreover, studies investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying antitumor activity of mistletoe are discussed in this paper. The analyzed trials provided evidence that there might be a combination of pharmacological and motivational aspects mediated by the mistletoe extract application which may contribute to the clinical benefit and positive outcome such as improved HRQoL and self-regulation in breast cancer patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use*
Hydnocarpus: an ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological review

Sahoo MR, Dhanabal SP, Jadhav AN, Reddy V, Muguli G, Babu UV, et al.

J Ethnopharmacol, 2014 May 28;154(1):17-25.
PMID: 24732111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.029

The genus Hydnocarpus (Flacourtiaceae) includes forty species that are spread across the globe. In the Indian System of Medicine, Hydnocarpus pentandrus (Buch.-Ham.) Oken. is primarily used for treating leprosy and other skin disorders. It is known as "Chaulmoogra" and is also used to treat other indications including constipation, inflammation, blood disorders, and worm infestations. Various species of Hydnocarpus are also used in traditional medicine in China, Thailand, Malaysia, and Myanmar for several skin disorders. To assess the therapeutic potential of species from the Hydnocarpus genus and to determine future avenues for research.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
Fulltext Potential anti-dengue medicinal plants: a review

Abd Kadir SL, Yaakob H, Mohamed Zulkifli R

J Nat Med, 2013 Oct;67(4):677-89.
PMID: 23591999 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0767-y

Dengue fever causes mortality and morbidity around the world, specifically in the Tropics and subtropic regions, which has been of major concern to governments and the World Health Organization (WHO). As a consequence, the search for new anti-dengue agents from medicinal plants has assumed more urgency than in the past. Medicinal plants have been used widely to treat a variety of vector ailments such as malaria. The demand for plant-based medicines is growing as they are generally considered to be safer, non-toxic and less harmful than synthetic drugs. This article reviews potential anti-dengue activities from plants distributed around the world. Sixty-nine studies from 1997 to 2012 describe 31 different species from 24 families that are known for their anti-dengue activities. About ten phytochemicals have been isolated from 11 species, among which are compounds with the potential for development of dengue treatment. Crude extracts and essential oils obtained from 31 species showed a broad activity against Flavivirus. Current studies show that natural products represent a rich potential source of new anti-dengue compounds. Further ethnobotanical surveys and laboratory investigations are needed established the potential of identified species in contributing to dengue control.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
Standardised water-soluble extract of Eurycoma longifolia, Tongkat ali, as testosterone booster for managing men with late-onset hypogonadism?

Tambi MI, Imran MK, Henkel RR

Andrologia, 2012 May;44 Suppl 1:226-30.
PMID: 21671978 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01168.x

In most countries, millions of people are relying on herbal medicines as remedy for numerous ailments. In South-East Asia, Eurycoma longifolia Jack, also known as 'Malaysian ginseng' or Tongkat ali, is used to combat stress and disease and to improve physical strength. Moreover, the compounds of the roots of this plant are reported to have aphrodisiac and testosterone enhancing effects in the rat. Considering that human studies are not available, 76 of 320 patients suffering from late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) were given 200 mg of a standardised water-soluble extract of Tongkat ali for 1 month. The Ageing Males' Symptoms (AMS) according to the standardised rating scale and the serum testosterone concentration were taken. Results show that treatment of LOH patients with this Tongkat ali extract significantly (P < 0.0001) improved the AMS score as well as the serum testosterone concentration. While before treatment only 10.5% of the patients did not show any complaint according to the AMS scale and 35.5% had normal testosterone levels, after the completed treatment 71.7% and 90.8% of the patients showed normal values, respectively. Thus, Tongkat ali extract appears to be useful as a supplement in overcoming the symptoms of LOH and for the management of hypogonadism.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use*
Fulltext Antihyperglycemic effect of orthosiphon stamineus benth leaves extract and its bioassay-guided fractions

Mohamed EA, Mohamed AJ, Asmawi MZ, Sadikun A, Ebrika OS, Yam MF

Molecules, 2011 May 04;16(5):3787-801.
PMID: 21544041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16053787

Preliminary investigations were carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the leaves of O. stamineus extracted serially with solvents of increasing polarity (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water); bioassay-guided purification of plant extracts using the subcutaneous glucose tolerance test (SbGTT) was also carried out. Only the chloroform extract, given at 1 g/kg body weight (b.w.), significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the blood glucose level of rats loaded subcutaneously with 150 mg/kg (b.w.) glucose. The active chloroform extract of O. stamineus was separated into five fractions using a dry flash column chromatography method. Out of the five fractions tested, only chloroform fraction 2 (Cƒ2), at the dose of 1 g/kg (b.w.) significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) blood glucose levels in SbGTT. Active Cƒ2 was split into two sub-fractions Cƒ2-A and Cƒ2-B, using a dry flash column chromatography method. The activities Cƒ2-A and Cƒ2-B were investigated using SbGTT, and the active sub-fraction was then further studied for anti-diabetic effects in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. The results clearly indicate that Cƒ2-B fraction exhibited a blood glucose lowering effect in fasted treated normal rats after glucose-loading of 150 mg/kg (b.w.). In the acute streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model, Cƒ2-B did not exhibit a hypoglycemic effect on blood glucose levels up to 7 hours after treatment. Thus, it appears that Cƒ2-B functions similarly to metformin, which has no hypoglycemic effect but demonstrates an antihyperglycemic effect only in normogycemic models. The effect of Cƒ2-B may have no direct stimulatory effects on insulin secretion or on blood glucose levels in diabetic animal models. Verification of the active compound(s) within the active fraction (Cƒ2-B) indicated the presence of terpenoids and, flavonoids, including sinensitin.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use*
Anti-inflammatory effect of Curcuma longa (turmeric) on collagen-induced arthritis: an anatomico-radiological study

Taty Anna K, Elvy Suhana MR, Das S, Faizah O, Hamzaini AH

Clin Ter, 2011;162(3):201-7.
PMID: 21717043

Curcuma longa (CL) or turmeric is an Ayurvedic herb that has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is a well established experimental auto-immune mediated polyarthritis in susceptible strains of rodents. The main aim of the study was to observe the inflammatory, macroscopic and radiological changes in the arthritic ankle joints of experimentally collagen-induced arthritis animals treated with or without CL extract.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use*
Effect of Andrographis paniculata leaf extract on wound healing in rats

Al-Bayaty FH, Abdulla MA, Abu Hassan MI, Ali HM

Nat Prod Res, 2012;26(5):423-9.
PMID: 21660840 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.496114

This work was carried out to study the effect of topical application of Andrographis paniculata on the rate of wound enclosure and its histological features. A wound was created in four groups of rat in posterior neck region. Blank placebo was applied topically to the wounds of Group 1. Groups 2 and 3 were dressed with placebo containing 5% and 10% extracts of A. paniculata, respectively. Intrasite gel was applied topically to the wounds of Group 4. Macroscopical examination revealed that the rate of wound healing was significantly accelerated in the wound dressed with A. paniculata extract compared to the blank placebo. The wounds dressed with 10% extract or Intrasite gel healed earlier compared to the wounds dressed with placebo containing 5% A. paniculata extract. Histologically, wounds dressed with A. paniculata extracts showed markedly less scar width and contained large amounts of fibroblast proliferation. More collagen and less angiogenesis with absence of inflammatory cells were seen for wounds dressed with 10% A. paniculata compared to the blank placebo. Conclusion, A. paniculata extracts significantly enhanced rate of wound healing in rats.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use*
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack): a review on its ethnobotany and pharmacological importance

Bhat R, Karim AA

Fitoterapia, 2010 Oct;81(7):669-79.
PMID: 20434529 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.04.006

Eurycoma longifolia Jack is an herbal medicinal plant of South-East Asian origin, popularly recognized as 'Tongkat Ali.' The plant parts have been traditionally used for its antimalarial, aphrodisiac, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial and anti-pyretic activities, which have also been proved scientifically. The plant parts are rich in various bioactive compounds (like eurycomaoside, eurycolactone, eurycomalactone, eurycomanone, and pasakbumin-B) among which the alkaloids and quassinoids form a major portion. Even though toxicity and safety evaluation studies have been pursued, still a major gap exists in providing scientific base for commercial utilization and clearance of the Tongkat Ali products with regard to consumer's safety. The present review aims at reviewing the research works undertaken till date, on this plant in order to provide sufficient baseline information for future works and for commercial exploitation.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
Fulltext Wound healing potential of Elaeis guineensis Jacq leaves in an infected albino rat model

Sasidharan S, Nilawatyi R, Xavier R, Latha LY, Amala R

Molecules, 2010 Apr 30;15(5):3186-99.
PMID: 20657471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15053186

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Elaeis guineensis Jacq (Arecaceae) is one of the plants that are central to the lives of traditional societies in West Africa. It has been reported as a traditional folkloric medicine for a variety of ailments. The plant leaves are also used in some parts of Africa for wound healing, but there are no scientific reports on any wound healing activity of the plant.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the effects of E. guineensis leaf on wound healing activity in rats.
METHODS: A phytochemical screening was done to determine the major phytochemicals in the extract. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was examined using the disk diffusion technique and broth dilution method. The wound healing activity of leaves of E. guineensiswas studied by incorporating the methanolic extract in yellow soft paraffin in concentration of 10% (w/w). Wound healing activity was studied by determining the percentage of wound closure, microbial examination of granulated skin tissue and histological analysis in the control and extract treated groups.
RESULTS: Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of tannins, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, terpenoids, and flavonoids in the extract. The extract showed significant activity against Candida albicans with an MIC value of 6.25 mg/mL. The results show that the E. guineensis extract has potent wound healing capacity, as evident from better wound closure, improved tissue regeneration at the wound site, and supporting histopathological parameters pertaining to wound healing. Assessment of granulation tissue every fourth day showed a significant reduction in microbial count.
CONCLUSIONS: E. guineensis accelerated wound healing in rats, thus supporting this traditional use.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use*
Fulltext Assessment of antiproliferative and antiplasmodial activities of five selected Apocynaceae species

Wong SK, Lim YY, Abdullah NR, Nordin FJ

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2011;11:3.
PMID: 21232161 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-3

Studies have shown that the barks and roots of some Apocynaceae species have anticancer and antimalarial properties. In this study, leaf extracts of five selected species of Apocynaceae used in traditional medicine (Alstonia angustiloba, Calotropis gigantea, Dyera costulata, Kopsia fruticosa and Vallaris glabra) were assessed for antiproliferative (APF) and antiplasmodial (APM) activities, and analysed for total alkaloid content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC) and radical-scavenging activity (RSA). As V. glabra leaf extracts showed wide spectrum APF and APM activities, they were further screened for saponins, tannins, cardenolides and terpenoids.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use*
Ethnobotanical study on some Malaysian anti-malarial plants: a community based survey

Al-Adhroey AH, Nor ZM, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Mahmud R

J Ethnopharmacol, 2010 Oct 28;132(1):362-4.
PMID: 20723596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.006

Various plants species are used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria. This is the first community based ethnobotanical study in Peninsular Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
The effect of Piper betel extract on the wound healing process in experimentally induced diabetic rats

Keat EC, Razak SS, Fadil NM, Yusof FM, Chan LH, Chyi FK, et al.

Clin Ter, 2010;161(2):117-20.
PMID: 20499023

Piper betel (PB) possesses antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and wound healing properties due to its powerful antioxidant effect. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which is associated with complications like impaired wound healing, nephropathy and neuropathy. The main aim of the study was to study the wound healing properties of PB.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use*
Fulltext Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of the aqueous extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaves in experimental animals

Zakaria ZA, Wen LY, Abdul Rahman NI, Abdul Ayub AH, Sulaiman MR, Gopalan HK

Med Princ Pract, 2007;16(6):443-9.
PMID: 17917444

The present study was carried out to determine the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the aqueous extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaves using animal models.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
Use Piper sarmentosum as an effective antidiabetic supplement in South East Asia: a review

Zar CT, Teoh SL, Das S, Zaiton Z, Farihah HS

Clin Ter, 2012 Nov;163(6):505-10.
PMID: 23306747

Herbs with antidiabetic activity have a potential role to play. Herbal medicines have been widely used in South East Asia because of lesser side effects and cost effectiveness. The main aim of this review article was to disseminate important information regarding the use of herbal products in oxidative stress involved in diseases like diabetes mellitus. The article highlights some of the traditional medicinal plants which have been widely used in South East Asia with special emphasis on Piper sarmentosum. Piper sarmentosum have been reported to possess varying degree of hypoglycemic, antidiabetic and other additional properties. The antioxidant properties of the herbs may be effective in controlling the oxidative damage produced during diabetes mellitus. The review article highlights the positive role of traditional herbs towards diabetes mellitus and also describes its complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use*
Efficacy of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) on erectile function improvement: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Kotirum S, Ismail SB, Chaiyakunapruk N

Complement Ther Med, 2015 Oct;23(5):693-8.
PMID: 26365449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.07.009

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) herbal extract on erectile function improvement.
METHODS: Comprehensive electronic databases were searched from inception through October 2014. Randomized controlled trials investigating Tongkat Ali compared to placebo were included. Outcome of interest was the improvement of erectile dysfunction. The difference of changes from baseline of the outcome between Tongkat Ali and placebo was pooled using weighted mean difference (WMD). Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using Jadad's quality scale and Cochrane's risk of bias.
RESULTS: Of the 342 articles identified, 2 studies involving a total of 139 participants were analyzed. No significance between group difference was found in the mean WMD of the change in the 5- item version of the international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) at week-12 (0.91; 95% CI: -1.50 to 3.33 with I(2)=89.5%, P-value=0.002) with statistical heterogeneity. Based on the subgroup analysis, significant improved IIEF-5 score of 2.15 (95% CI 1.03-3.27) was found in subjects with lower baseline IIEF-5 score, but this was not seen among those with higher baseline IIEF-5 score.
CONCLUSION: Based on current evidence, the herbal extract of Tongkat Ali may have clinical effect on erectile function. However, more efficacy trials are warranted to further support current evidence.
KEYWORDS: Alternative medicine; Erectile dysfunction; Eurycoma longifolia; Extract; Root; Tongkat Ali

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/therapeutic use*

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