Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 274 in total

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  1. Kwon S, Bower C, English D
    PMID: 14565623
    Birth defects in infants born to non-Caucasian, non-Indigenous mothers in Australia have not been described in detail previously.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  2. Halder D, Dharap AS, Than M
    Anthropol Anz, 1999 Mar;57(1):69-75.
    PMID: 10320927
    Early identification of a syndrome at birth is of paramount importance for genetic counselling and possible prevention. Often malformation of the hands and fingers are cardinal manifestations of recognizable syndromes. As there are no published standards for hand and finger size for Malay newborn infants, this study was undertaken to establish normal values for hand, middle finger and palmar lengths, and their indices. A cross-sectional study was done on 509 consecutive newborn Malay babies between 34 and 42 weeks of gestation. Measurements were made on the right hand according to the recommended guidelines of Bergsma & Feingold (1975). The mean values for the measurements did not differ significantly between boys and girls, or change with gestation. For the whole group the mean value for total hand length was 64.4 +/- 3.42 mm, middle finger length 37.1 +/- 2.91 mm, palmar length 27.4 +/- 2.15 mm, finger index 0.425 +/- 0.03 and palmar index 0.58 +/- 0.03. A comparison with published measurements for newborns of different racial origin shows significant differences for the total hand length, middle finger length and palm length from Indian and Jewish infants, but not from Japanese infants. The indices were similar in Malay, Indian, Jewish and Japanese newborn infants.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  3. Saha N
    Hum. Hered., 1991;41(1):47-52.
    PMID: 2050382
    A total of 627 subjects comprising 455 Chinese, 127 Dravidian Indians and 45 Malays were investigated for serum Apo A-IV polymorphism. The frequency of Apo A-IV*2 was found to be significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in Indians (0.043) compared to that in the Chinese (0.010) and Malays (0.011). The frequency of A-IV*3 was found to be around 0.02 in all the ethnic groups. A low frequency of A-IV*4 (less than 0.01) was observed in the Chinese and Indians. The phenotypic distribution of Apo A-IV was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the three ethnic groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  4. Jones JJ
    Med J Malaysia, 1976 Jun;30(4):256-60.
    PMID: 979725
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group*
  5. Rajaram N, Mariapun S, Eriksson M, Tapia J, Kwan PY, Ho WK, et al.
    Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2017 01;161(2):353-362.
    PMID: 27864652 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4054-y
    PURPOSE: Mammographic density is a measurable and modifiable biomarker that is strongly and independently associated with breast cancer risk. Paradoxically, although Asian women have lower risk of breast cancer, studies of minority Asian women in predominantly Caucasian populations have found that Asian women have higher percent density. In this cross-sectional study, we compared the distribution of mammographic density for a matched cohort of Asian women from Malaysia and Caucasian women from Sweden, and determined if variations in mammographic density could be attributed to population differences in breast cancer risk factors.

    METHODS: Volumetric mammographic density was compared for 1501 Malaysian and 4501 Swedish healthy women, matched on age and body mass index. We used multivariable log-linear regression to determine the risk factors associated with mammographic density and mediation analysis to identify factors that account for differences in mammographic density between the two cohorts.

    RESULTS: Compared to Caucasian women, percent density was 2.0% higher among Asian women (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group*
  6. Noraini I, Tan SG, Gan YY, Teng YS
    Hum Genet, 1980;56(2):205-7.
    PMID: 7450777
    Three human saliva genetic markers, namely, salivary peroxidase (SAPX), Pm, and Ph proteins, were investigated in the three major ethnic groups of Malaysia: Malays, Chinese, and Indians. For Pm, the allelic frequencies of Pm+ for Malays, Chinese, and Indians are 0.385 +/- 0.030, 0.282 +/- 0.026, and 0.289 +/- 0.026 respectively. For Ph, the allelic frequencies of Ph+ are 0.082 +/- 0.016 for Malays, 0.109 +/- 0.017 for Chinese, and 0.062 +/- 0.013 for Indians. For SAPX, the allelic frequencies of SAPX1 in Malays, Chinese, and Indians are 0.762 +/- 0.027, 0.755 +/- 0.027, and 0.723 +/- 0.026 respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group*
  7. Stewart SF
    Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1970 May-Jun;70:111-23.
    PMID: 5445716
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group*
  8. Loh LC
    Chest, 2012 Feb;141(2):570-571.
    PMID: 22315127 DOI: 10.1378/chest.11-2409
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  9. Ali AO, Stear A, Fairlie-Clarke K, Brujeni GN, Isa NM, Salisi MS, et al.
    Immunogenetics, 2017 03;69(3):157-163.
    PMID: 27921144 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0962-6
    Understanding the structure of the major histocompatibility complex, especially the number and frequency of alleles, loci and haplotypes, is crucial for efficient investigation of the way in which the MHC influences susceptibility to disease. Nematode infection is one of the most important diseases suffered by sheep, and the class II region has been repeatedly associated with differences in susceptibility and resistance to infection. Texel sheep are widely used in many different countries and are relatively resistant to infection. This study determined the number and frequency of MHC class II genes in a small flock of Texel sheep. There were 18 alleles at DRB1, 9 alleles at DQA1, 13 alleles at DQB1, 8 alleles at DQA2 and 16 alleles at DQB2. Several haplotypes had no detectable gene products at DQA1, DQB1 or DQB2, and these were defined as null alleles. Despite the large numbers of alleles, there were only 21 distinct haplotypes in the population. The relatively small number of observed haplotypes will simplify finding disease associations because common haplotypes provide more statistical power but complicate the discrimination of causative mutations from linked marker loci.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  10. Ng Tsai HO, Goh JJN, Aw JWX, Lin Y, Fong AYY, Tiong LL, et al.
    J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2018 Nov;46(4):541-548.
    PMID: 30155672 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-018-1726-y
    The objectives of this study are to compare steady-state trough (Cmin,ss) and peak (Cmax,ss) concentrations of rivaroxaban between Asians and Caucasians and to evaluate the relationship between rivaroxaban concentrations and prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR). Recruited patients were advised on the time to take rivaroxaban. Cmin,ss and PT/INR were taken when patients arrived. Cmax,ss and PT/INR were drawn between 2 and 4 h later after the patient took rivaroxaban with food. Thirty patients were included in the analyses: 57% (n = 17) males and 43% (n = 13) females, 77% (n = 23) on 20 mg and 23% (n = 7) on 15 mg. Median PTtrough and PTpeak are moderately correlated with Cmin,ss (r2 = 0.43) and Cmax,ss (r2 = 0.49), respectively. Patients on 15 mg have lower Cmin,ss and Cmax,ss versus Caucasians [12 ng/ml vs. 57 ng/ml (Cmin,ss); 87 ng/ml vs. 229 ng/ml (Cmax,ss), p 
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group*
  11. Jobson L, Whittles N, Tsecoutanis E, Raj S, Yew RY, Haque S
    Memory, 2019 09;27(8):1054-1062.
    PMID: 31104591 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1619776
    Cultural differences in autobiographical memory characteristics and function have often been presumed to be associated with different cultural beliefs related to the self. The current research aimed to investigate whether self-construal mediated the relationship between cultural group and the characteristics and functional use of autobiographical memory. Caucasian Australians (n = 71) and Malay Malaysians (n = 50) completed an online questionnaire that included the Self-Defining Memory task, the Thinking About Life Experiences Revised Questionnaire and the Self Construal Scale. As expected, the Australian group provided longer, more autonomously oriented, specific memories than the Malay group. However, contrary to our predictions, self-construal did not mediate the relationships between cultural group and memory characteristics. The Malay group reported more frequently using autobiographical memories for self-continuity than the Australian group. Finally, there was support for an indirect pathway between cultural group and use of autobiographical memories for self-continuity and social-bonding through self-construal (i.e. independent self relative to interdependent self). The findings highlight the importance of explicitly examining values assumed to be associated with autobiographical remembering, and relating these values to memory characteristics and function.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/psychology*
  12. Ismail R, Teh LK
    Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 2001 Oct;57(8):617-8.
    PMID: 11758642
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  13. Hawkins RC
    Clin Chim Acta, 2010 Sep 6;411(17-18):1393.
    PMID: 20580697 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.05.027
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group*
  14. Hawkins R
    Clin Chim Acta, 2011 May 12;412(11-12):1167.
    PMID: 21396354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.03.003
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group*
  15. Dhaliwal JS, Balasubramaniam T, Quek CK, Gill HK, Nasuruddin BA
    Singapore Med J, 1995 Jun;36(3):288-91.
    PMID: 8553095
    The aim of this study was to establish the lymphocyte subset reference ranges in a defined Malaysian population as well as to determine inter-racial differences for these values. Normal blood obtained from 152 subjects (55.9% Malay, 26.3% Chinese and 17.7% Indian) was immunophenotyped. Results obtained (expressed as mean +/- SD %), absolute count (x 10(6) cells/mm3) were as follows: CD3:66.5 +/- 8.6%, 2,066; CD4:33.2 +/- 8.5%, 1,028; CD831.6 +/- 8.9%, 982; CD19:12.0 +/- 0%, 5,374, and CD56+CD16:20.9 +/- 9%, 1,638. There were no significant differences between the percent lymphocyte subsets of the three racial groups. However, the absolute number of CD4 cells and CD19 cells in Chinese was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to the Indian and the Indian and Malay groups respectively. Comparison of our results with other reports showed that the percentage of Natural Killer cells in this population is higher than that reported for Caucasian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group*
  16. Shah FH, Yadav M
    Singapore Med J, 1977 Dec;18(4):246-57.
    PMID: 614701
    Immunoglobulin G, A and M levels were determined in paired maternal and cord sera of premature, full term and postmature newborns of urban dwelling Chinese, Indian, Malay and full term newborn of the forest dwelling Orang Asli (Malaysian aborigines). The mean serum IgC level in the full term Orang Asli newborns (1254±441 mg per 100 mil is comparable to that of the Indians (1211±282 mg per 100 ml) and Malays (1169±286 mg per 100 ml) but these levels are higher than those of the Chinese
    newborns (1092±270 mg per 100 ml). Statistical analysis indicates a significant dependence of cord serum IgG level on maternal serum IgG level in the . Chinese, Indians and Malays. In addition, in Indians the cord serum IgG was significantly dependent at 5% level on the gestation age. The fetomaternal serum IgG level ratios at term were equal to or just less than one. The cord serum IgM levels of the Chinese, Indian, Malay and Orang Asli newborns at term were 11.6.±. 6.5, 12.5.±. 7.3, 10.9.±. 5.8 and
    16.7±6.9 mg per 100 ml respectively. Statistical analysis showed absence of correlation between cord serum IgM level and birthweight, gestation age or maternal serum IgM level in Chinese and Malays. In Indians the cord sera IgM level showed a dependence on the birthweight. Immunoglobulin A was present in 34.6%, 40.5%, 31.6% and 62.5% of full term Chinese, Indian, Malay and Orang Asli newborns respectively. These observations are discussed in relation to the immunoglobulin levels observed in populations residing in temperate and other tropical regions.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group*
  17. Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Electronic address: douglas.ruderfer@vanderbilt.edu, Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium
    Cell, 2018 Jun 14;173(7):1705-1715.e16.
    PMID: 29906448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.046
    Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are two distinct diagnoses that share symptomology. Understanding the genetic factors contributing to the shared and disorder-specific symptoms will be crucial for improving diagnosis and treatment. In genetic data consisting of 53,555 cases (20,129 bipolar disorder [BD], 33,426 schizophrenia [SCZ]) and 54,065 controls, we identified 114 genome-wide significant loci implicating synaptic and neuronal pathways shared between disorders. Comparing SCZ to BD (23,585 SCZ, 15,270 BD) identified four genomic regions including one with disorder-independent causal variants and potassium ion response genes as contributing to differences in biology between the disorders. Polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses identified several significant correlations within case-only phenotypes including SCZ PRS with psychotic features and age of onset in BD. For the first time, we discover specific loci that distinguish between BD and SCZ and identify polygenic components underlying multiple symptom dimensions. These results point to the utility of genetics to inform symptomology and potential treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  18. Lee JK, Gregson C, Janssen SM, Estudillo AJ
    Q J Exp Psychol (Hove), 2023 Aug;76(8):1724-1739.
    PMID: 36394361 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221142158
    The self-face advantage (SFA) is reflected through a faster recognition of a self-face compared with familiar and unfamiliar faces. Nevertheless, as Westerners and East Asians tend to present differences in self-concept styles, it is possible that the SFA is modulated by culture. The present study explored this possibility using a visual search task. British Caucasians and Malaysian Chinese participants were asked to search for frontal view images of self, friend, and unfamiliar faces among an array of unfamiliar faces. Regardless of race, participants were more accurate and faster in searching for the own face and friend's face compared with an unfamiliar face, with no differences in the search between the own and friend's face, and these findings could not be accounted by the cultural differences in self-concept (i.e., operationalised by scores from the Independent and Interdependent Self-Concept Scale and the Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism Scale). Altogether our results suggest that culture does not modulate the SFA and that this effect is better explained by a familiar face advantage.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group*
  19. Darst BF, Shen J, Madduri RK, Rodriguez AA, Xiao Y, Sheng X, et al.
    Am J Hum Genet, 2023 Jul 06;110(7):1200-1206.
    PMID: 37311464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.05.010
    Genome-wide polygenic risk scores (GW-PRSs) have been reported to have better predictive ability than PRSs based on genome-wide significance thresholds across numerous traits. We compared the predictive ability of several GW-PRS approaches to a recently developed PRS of 269 established prostate cancer-risk variants from multi-ancestry GWASs and fine-mapping studies (PRS269). GW-PRS models were trained with a large and diverse prostate cancer GWAS of 107,247 cases and 127,006 controls that we previously used to develop the multi-ancestry PRS269. Resulting models were independently tested in 1,586 cases and 1,047 controls of African ancestry from the California Uganda Study and 8,046 cases and 191,825 controls of European ancestry from the UK Biobank and further validated in 13,643 cases and 210,214 controls of European ancestry and 6,353 cases and 53,362 controls of African ancestry from the Million Veteran Program. In the testing data, the best performing GW-PRS approach had AUCs of 0.656 (95% CI = 0.635-0.677) in African and 0.844 (95% CI = 0.840-0.848) in European ancestry men and corresponding prostate cancer ORs of 1.83 (95% CI = 1.67-2.00) and 2.19 (95% CI = 2.14-2.25), respectively, for each SD unit increase in the GW-PRS. Compared to the GW-PRS, in African and European ancestry men, the PRS269 had larger or similar AUCs (AUC = 0.679, 95% CI = 0.659-0.700 and AUC = 0.845, 95% CI = 0.841-0.849, respectively) and comparable prostate cancer ORs (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.87-2.26 and OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 2.16-2.26, respectively). Findings were similar in the validation studies. This investigation suggests that current GW-PRS approaches may not improve the ability to predict prostate cancer risk compared to the PRS269 developed from multi-ancestry GWASs and fine-mapping.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  20. Wang A, Shen J, Rodriguez AA, Saunders EJ, Chen F, Janivara R, et al.
    Nat Genet, 2023 Dec;55(12):2065-2074.
    PMID: 37945903 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01534-4
    The transferability and clinical value of genetic risk scores (GRSs) across populations remain limited due to an imbalance in genetic studies across ancestrally diverse populations. Here we conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 156,319 prostate cancer cases and 788,443 controls of European, African, Asian and Hispanic men, reflecting a 57% increase in the number of non-European cases over previous prostate cancer genome-wide association studies. We identified 187 novel risk variants for prostate cancer, increasing the total number of risk variants to 451. An externally replicated multi-ancestry GRS was associated with risk that ranged from 1.8 (per standard deviation) in African ancestry men to 2.2 in European ancestry men. The GRS was associated with a greater risk of aggressive versus non-aggressive disease in men of African ancestry (P = 0.03). Our study presents novel prostate cancer susceptibility loci and a GRS with effective risk stratification across ancestry groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
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