Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 73 in total

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  1. Ravikumar A, Panneerselvam P, Morad N
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018 Jun 20;10(24):20550-20558.
    PMID: 29792319 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05041
    In this paper, we propose a metal-polydopamine (MPDA) framework with a specific molecular probe which appears to be the most promising approach to a strong fluorescence quencher. The MPDA framework quenching ability toward various organic fluorophore such as aminoethylcoumarin acetate, 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM), carboxyteramethylrhodamine, and Cy5 are used to establish a fluorescent biosensor that can selectively recognize Hg2+ and Ag+ ions. The fluorescent quenching efficiency was sufficient to achieve more than 96%. The MPDA framework also exhibits different affinities with ssDNA and dsDNA. In addition, the FAM-labeled ssDNA was adsorbed onto the MPDA framework, based on their interaction with the complex formed between MPDA frameworks/ssDNA taken as a sensing platform. By taking advantage of this sensor, highly sensitive and selective determination of Hg2+ and Ag+ ions is achieved through exonuclease III signal amplification activity. The detection limits of Hg2+ and Ag+ achieved to be 1.3 and 34 pM, respectively, were compared to co-existing metal ions and graphene oxide-based sensors. Furthermore, the potential applications of this study establish the highly sensitive fluorescence detection targets in environmental and biological fields.
  2. Sun H, Chen G, Sunarso J, Dai J, Zhou W, Shao Z
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018 May 23;10(20):16939-16942.
    PMID: 29741862 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03702
    An abundant, highly active, and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst is an enabling component for a more sustainable energy future. We report, herein, a molybdenum and niobium codoped B-site-ordered double perovskite oxide with a compositional formula of Ba2CoMo0.5Nb0.5O6-δ (BCMN) as an active and robust catalyst for OER in an alkaline electrolyte. BCMN displayed a low overpotential of 445 mA at a current density of 10 mA cm-2disk. BCMN also showed long-term stability in an alkaline medium. This work hints toward the possibility of combining a codoping approach with double perovskite structure formation to achieve significant enhancement in the OER performance.
  3. She S, Yu J, Tang W, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Sunarso J, et al.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018 Apr 11;10(14):11715-11721.
    PMID: 29546981 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00682
    Perovskite oxide is an attractive low-cost alternative catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) relative to the precious metal oxide-based electrocatalysts (IrO2 and RuO2). In this work, a series of Sr-doped La-based perovskite oxide catalysts with compositions of La1- xSr xFeO3-δ ( x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1) are synthesized and characterized. The OER-specific activities in alkaline solution increase in the order of LaFeO3-δ (LF), La0.8Sr0.2FeO3-δ (LSF-0.2), La0.5Sr0.5FeO3-δ (LSF-0.5), SrFeO3-δ (SF), and La0.2Sr0.8FeO3-δ (LSF-0.8). We establish a direct correlation between the enhancement in the specific activity and the amount of surface oxygen vacancies as well as the surface Fe oxidation states. The improved specific activity for LSF-0.8 is clearly linked to the optimum amount of surface oxygen vacancies and surface Fe oxidation states. We also find that the OER performance stability is a function of the crystal structure and the deviation in the surface La and/or Sr composition(s) from their bulk stoichiometric compositions. The cubic structure and lower deviation, as is the case for LSF-0.8, led to a higher OER performance stability. These surface performance relations provide a promising guideline for constructing efficient water oxidation.
  4. She W, Qi T, Cui M, Yan P, Ng SW, Li W, et al.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018 May 02;10(17):14698-14707.
    PMID: 29638107 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01187
    A family of two-dimensional salen-type lanthanide complexes was synthesized through a facile solution diffusion method. The two-dimensional lanthanide complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analytical techniques. The SCXRD and XPS analyses reveal that the obtained two-dimensional structures are rich in uncoordinated imine (-CH═N-) groups located on the skeleton of the salen-type organic ligand, which retain strong coordination ability with metal ions. On the basis of this unique feature, a highly dispersed CeO2-supported Ni catalyst (Ni/CeO2-CAS) with highly strong metal-support interaction was first synthesized via a coordination-assisted synthesis (CAS) method, which exhibits a much better catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene than the traditional Ni/CeO2-IWI catalyst prepared by incipient wetness impregnation (IWI). The origin of the improved catalytic activity of Ni/CeO2-CAS as well as the role of Ni@Ce-H2salen was revealed by using diverse characterizations. On the basis of the comparative characterization results, the superior catalytic performance of Ni/CeO2-CAS to Ni/CeO2-IWI could have resulted from the smaller and highly dispersed Ni nanoparticulates, the intensified Ni-CeO2 interaction, the enhanced NiO reducibility, and the higher concentration of oxygen vacancies, favoring the H2 dissociation and adsorption of the nitrobenzene reactant. The Ni/CeO2-CAS catalyst also exhibits high catalytic performance for reduction of diverse nitroarenes to their corresponding functionalized arylamines. We anticipated that this coordination-assisted strategy may provide a new way for preparing other highly oxide-supported catalysts with potential applications in various catalytic reactions.
  5. Makaremi M, Pasbakhsh P, Cavallaro G, Lazzara G, Aw YK, Lee SM, et al.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017 May 24;9(20):17476-17488.
    PMID: 28481104 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04297
    Pectin bionanocomposite films filled with various concentrations of two different types of halloysite nanotubes were prepared and characterized in this study as potential films for food packaging applications. The two types of halloysite nanotubes were long and thin (patch) (200-30 000 nm length) and short and stubby (Matauri Bay) (50-3000 nm length) with different morphological, physical, and dispersibility properties. Both matrix (pectin) and reinforcer (halloysite nanotubes) used in this study are considered as biocompatible, natural, and low-cost materials. Various characterization tests including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, release kinetics, contact angle, and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed to evaluate the performance of the pectin films. Exceptional thermal, tensile, and contact angle properties have been achieved for films reinforced by patch halloysite nanotubes due to the patchy and lengthy nature of these tubes, which form a bird nest structure in the pectin matrix. Matauri Bay halloysite nanotubes were dispersed uniformly and individually in the matrix in low and even high halloysite nanotube concentrations. Furthermore, salicylic acid as a biocidal agent was encapsulated in the halloysite nanotubes lumen to control its release kinetics. On this basis, halloysite nanotubes/salicylic acid hybrids were dispersed into the pectin matrix to develop functional biofilms with antimicrobial properties that can be extended over time. Results revealed that shorter nanotubes (Matauri Bay) had better ability for the encapsulation of salicylic acid into their lumen, while patchy structure and longer tubes of patch halloysite nanotubes made the encapsulation process more difficult, as they might need more time and energy to be fully loaded by salicylic acid. Moreover, antimicrobial activity of the films against four different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria indicated the effective antimicrobial properties of pectin/halloysite functionalized films and their potential to be used for food packaging applications.
  6. Deng X, Shi W, Sunarso J, Liu M, Shao Z
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017 May 17;9(19):16280-16287.
    PMID: 28453932 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03933
    Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are considered one of the most promising alternatives for large-scale energy storage due largely to the abundance and low cost of sodium. However, the lack of high-performance cathode materials at low cost represents a major obstacle toward broad commercialization of SIB technology. In this work, we report a green route strategy that allows cost-effective fabrication of carbon-coated Na2FePO4F cathode for SIBs. By using vitamin C as a green organic carbon source and environmentally friendly water-based polyacrylic latex as the binder, we have demonstrated that the Na2FePO4F phase in the as-derived Na2FePO4F/C electrode shows a high reversible capacity of 117 mAh g-1 at a cycling rate of 0.1 C. More attractively, excellent rate capability is achieved while retaining outstanding cycling stability (∼85% capacity retention after 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a rate of 4 C). Further, in operando X-ray diffraction has been used to probe the evolution of phase structures during the charge-discharge process, confirming the structural robustness of the Na2FePO4F/C cathode (even when charged to 4.5 V). Accordingly, the poor initial Coulombic efficiency of some anode materials may be compensated by extracting more sodium ions from Na2FePO4F/C cathode at higher potentials (up to 4.5 V).
  7. Putri LK, Ng BJ, Ong WJ, Lee HW, Chang WS, Chai SP
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017 Feb 08;9(5):4558-4569.
    PMID: 28068056 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12060
    Owing to its superior properties and versatility, graphene has been proliferating the energy research scene in the past decade. In this contribution, nitrogen (N-) and boron (B-) doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) variants were investigated as a sole photocatalyst for the green production of H2 and their properties with respect to photocatalysis were elucidated for the first time. N- and B-rGOs were facilely prepared via the pyrolysis of graphene oxide with urea and boron anhydride as their respective dopant source. The pyrolysis temperature was varied (600-800 °C for N-rGO and 800-1000 °C for B-rGO) in order to modify dopant loading percentage (%) which was found to be influential to photocatalytic activity. N-rGO600 (8.26 N at%) and B-rGO1000 (3.59 B at%), which holds the highest at% from each of their party, exhibited the highest H2 activity. Additionally, the effects of the nature of N and B bonding configuration in H2 photoactivity were also examined. This study demonstrates the importance of dopant atoms in graphene, rendering doping as an effective strategy to bolster photocatalytic activity for standalone graphene derivative photocatalysts.
  8. Mohan S, Raghavendran HB, Karunanithi P, Murali MR, Naveen SV, Talebian S, et al.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017 Mar 22;9(11):9291-9303.
    PMID: 28266827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13422
    Tissue engineering aims to generate or facilitate regrowth or healing of damaged tissues by applying a combination of biomaterials, cells, and bioactive signaling molecules. In this regard, growth factors clearly play important roles in regulating cellular fate. However, uncontrolled release of growth factors has been demonstrated to produce severe side effects on the surrounding tissues. In this study, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres (MS) incorporated three-dimensional (3D) CORAGRAF scaffolds were engineered to achieve controlled release of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) for the differentiation of stem cells within the 3D polymer network. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and microtomography were applied to characterize the fabricated scaffolds. In vitro study revealed that the CORAGRAF-PLGA-PDGF-BB scaffold system enhanced the release of PDGF-BB for the regulation of cell behavior. Stromal cell attachment, viability, release of osteogenic differentiation markers such as osteocalcin, and upregulation of osteogenic gene expression exhibited positive response. Overall, the developed scaffold system was noted to support rapid cell expansion and differentiation of stromal cells into osteogenic cells in vitro for bone tissue engineering applications.
  9. Xi Loh EY, Fauzi MB, Ng MH, Ng PY, Ng SF, Ariffin H, et al.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018 Nov 21;10(46):39532-39543.
    PMID: 30372014 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16645
    The evaluation of the interaction of cells with biomaterials is fundamental to establish the suitability of the biomaterial for a specific application. In this study, the properties of bacterial nanocellulose/acrylic acid (BNC/AA) hydrogels fabricated with varying BNC to AA ratios and electron-beam irradiation doses were determined. The manner these hydrogel properties influence the behavior of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) at the cellular and molecular levels was also investigated, relating it to its application both as a cell carrier and wound dressing material. Swelling, hardness, adhesive force (wet), porosity, and hydrophilicity (dry) of the hydrogels were dependent on the degree of cross-linking and the amount of AA incorporated in the hydrogels. However, water vapor transmission rate, pore size, hydrophilicity (semidry), and topography were similar between all formulations, leading to a similar cell attachment and proliferation profile. At the cellular level, the hydrogel demonstrated rapid cell adhesion, maintained HDFs viability and morphology, restricted cellular migration, and facilitated fast transfer of cells. At the molecular level, the hydrogel affected nine wound-healing genes (IL6, IL10, MMP2, CTSK, FGF7, GM-CSF, TGFB1, COX2, and F3). The findings indicate that the BNC/AA hydrogel is a potential biomaterial that can be employed as a wound-dressing material to incorporate HDFs for the acceleration of wound healing.
  10. Liang TY, Senthil Raja D, Chin KC, Huang CL, Sethupathi SA, Leong LK, et al.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2020 Apr 01;12(13):15183-15193.
    PMID: 32167283 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00086
    Syngas, consisting of equimolar CO and H2, is an important feedstock for large-scale production of a wide range of commodity chemicals including aldehyde, methanol, ammonia, and other oxygenated chemicals. Dry reforming of methane (DRM), proceeding by reacting greenhouse gases, CO2 and CH4, at high temperatures in the presence of a metal catalyst, is considered one of the most environmentally friendly routes for syngas production. Nevertheless, nonprecious metal-based catalysts, which can operate at relatively low temperatures for high product yields and selectivities, are required to drive the DRM process for industrial applications effectively. Here, we developed NiCo@C nanocomposites from a corresponding NiCo-based bimetallic metal-organic framework (MOF) to serve as high-performance catalysts for the DRM process, achieving high turnover frequencies (TOF) at low temperatures (>5.7 s-1 at 600 °C) and high product selectivities (H2/CO = 0.9 at 700 °C). The incorporation of Co in Ni catalysts improves the operation stability and light-off stability. The present development for MOF-derived nanocomposites opens a new horizon for design of DRM catalysts.
  11. Ahmad KN, Anuar SA, Wan Isahak WNR, Rosli MI, Yarmo MA
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2020 Feb 12;12(6):7102-7113.
    PMID: 31968163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18984
    Nickel (Ni) catalysts supported on mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4) were synthesized through simple impregnation method with air and nitrogen calcination atmosphere for CO methanation. The effects of pretreatment gas on catalyst structure, surface characteristics, and Ni species reducibility were investigated. Under air-calcination condition, the increase in specific surface area of the catalyst can be ascribed to the creation of mesopores and exfoliation of bulk mpg-C3N4 to form thin sheets. However, excessive Ni content on the catalyst accelerated the decomposition of the mpg-C3N4 support during calcination. The catalysts calcined in nitrogen showed lower surface area and fewer number of pores compared to air-treatment. The Ni/mpg-C3N4 catalyst calcined in air with Ni loading 10% exhibited enhanced medium-temperature activity for CO methanation with 79.7% CO conversion and 73.9% CH4 selectivity. This finding can be explained by the formation of mpg-C3N4 thin sheets, which increased the number of catalyst active sites. The CO methanation performance of Ni/mpg-C3N4 catalysts calcined in air was superior to those calcined in nitrogen. Interestingly, CO2 formed by water-gas shift reaction at 320 °C also contributed to the overall methane formation through CO2 methanation. Therefore, mpg-C3N4 thin sheets can be an interesting support for nickel catalyst for CO
    x
    methanation.
  12. Kong XY, Tong T, Ng BJ, Low J, Zeng TH, Mohamed AR, et al.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2020 Jun 17;12(24):26991-27000.
    PMID: 32433865 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15950
    The photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to energy-rich CH4 solar fuel is an ideal strategy for future energy generation as it can resolve global warming and the imminent energy crisis concurrently. However, the efficiency of this technology is unavoidably hampered by the ineffective generation and utilization of photoinduced charge carriers. In this contribution, we report a facile in situ topotactic transformation approach where {001}-faceted BiOBr nanosheets (BOB-NS) were employed as the starting material for the formation of single-crystalline ultrathin Bi2WO6 nanosheets (BWO-NS). The as-obtained BWO-NS not only preserved the advantageous properties of the 2D nanostructure and predominantly exposed {001} facets but also possessed enlarged specific surface areas as a result of sample thickness reduction. As opposed to the commonly observed bandgap broadening when the particle sizes decrease to an ultrathin nanoscale owing to the quantum size effect, the developed BWO-NS exhibited a fascinating bandgap narrowing compared to those of pristine Bi2WO6 nanoplates (BWO-P) synthesized from a conventional one-step hydrothermal approach. Moreover, the electronic band positions of BWO-NS were modulated as a result of ion exchange for the reconstruction of the energy bands, where BWO-NS demonstrated significant upshifting of CB and VB levels; these are beneficial for photocatalytic reduction applications. This propitious design of BWO-NS through integrating the merits of BOB-NS caused BWO-NS to exhibit substantial 2.6 and 9.3-fold enhancements of CH4 production over BOB-NS and BWO-P, respectively.
  13. Yang Q, Cai YY, Zhu ZY, Sun LX, Choo YSL, Zhang QG, et al.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2020 Jun 03;12(22):24806-24816.
    PMID: 32396331 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05411
    The development of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is hindered by the trade-off of ionic conductivity, alkaline stability, and mechanical properties. Tröger's base polymers (Tb-polymers) are recognized as promising membrane materials to overcome these obstacles. Herein, the AEMs made from Tb-poly(crown ether)s (Tb-PCEs) show good comprehensive performance. The influence of crown ether on the conductivity and alkaline stability of AEMs has been investigated in detail. The formation of hydronium ion-crown ether complexes and an obvious microphase-separated structure formed by the existence of crown ether can enhance the conductivity of the AEMs. The maximum OH- conductivity of 141.5 mS cm-1 is achieved from the Tb-PCEs based AEM (Tb-PCE-1) at 80 °C in ultrapure water. The ion-dipole interaction of the Na+ with crown ether can protect the quaternary ammonium from the attack of OH- to improve the alkaline stability of AEMs. After 675 h of alkaline treatment, the OH- conductivity of Tb-PCE-1 decreases by only 6%. The Tb-PCE-1-based single cell shows a peak power density of 0.202 W cm-2 at 80 °C. The prominent physicochemical properties are attributed to the well-developed microstructure of the Tb-PCEs, as revealed by TEM, AFM, and SAXS observations.
  14. Cai M, Li X, Zhao H, Liu C, You Y, Lin F, et al.
    PMID: 34637273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15973
    Broadening light absorption and improving charge carrier separation are very critical to boost the water splitting efficiency in photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems. We herein reported a heterostructured photoanode consisting of BiVO4 and eco-friendly, near-infrared (NIR) CuInSeS@ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) for PEC water oxidation. The decoration of core-shell QDs concurrently extends the absorption range of BiVO4 from the ultraviolet-visible to NIR region and promotes the effective separation and transfer of photo-excited electrons and holes. Without any sacrificial agents and co-catalysts, the as-fabricated NIR core-shell QDs/BiVO4 heterostructured photoanodes exhibit an approximately fourfold higher photocurrent density than that of the bare BiVO4, up to 3.17 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. It is revealed that both a suitable band alignment and an intimate interfacial junction between QDs and BiVO4 are the main factors that result in enhanced charge separation and transfer efficiencies. We also highlight that the NIR CISeS QDs passivated with a ZnS shell can suppress the non-radiative recombination and enhance the stability of the QD photoanodes for optimized PEC performance. This work provides a facile and effective approach to boost the water oxidation efficiency of semiconductor photoanodes via utilizing NIR core-shell QDs as a light sensitizer and charge carrier separator.
  15. Shahiduzzaman M, Chen B, Akhtaruzzaman M, Wang L, Fukuhara H, Tomita K, et al.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2021 Nov 17;13(45):53758-53766.
    PMID: 34735118 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13793
    In this study, the spontaneous microstructure tuning of TiO2 was observed by aging the ethanol/water TiO2 paste for up to 20 days at ambient conditions. A dynamic light scattering study reveals that it formed the outstanding reproducible TiO2 microstructure with a ∼200 nm average particle size and stabilizes in 6 to 20 days under an ambient atmosphere. Interestingly, the as-deposited day 15 sample spontaneously changed its crystallinity upon keeping the paste at ambient conditions; meanwhile the day 0 sample showed an amorphous structure. A dense, uniform, and stable TiO2 electrode was cast on a fluorine doped-tin oxide substrate using the electrospray technique. We exploit the spontaneous evolution of the TiO2 nanopowder to revisit the fabrication procedure of the TiO2 photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The controlled microstructure TiO2 film was used in DSSCs, which, to the best of our knowledge, achieved the highest power conversion efficiency of 9.65% using N719 dye in sensitizing the TiO2 photoanode.
  16. Li H, Khoury M, Bonef B, Alhassan AI, Mughal AJ, Azimah E, et al.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017 Oct 18;9(41):36417-36422.
    PMID: 28960058 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11718
    We demonstrate efficient semipolar (11-22) 550 nm yellow/green InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with In0.03Ga0.97N barriers on low defect density (11-22) GaN/patterned sapphire templates. The In0.03Ga0.97N barriers were clearly identified, and no InGaN clusters were observed by atom probe tomography measurements. The semipolar (11-22) 550 nm InGaN LEDs (0.1 mm2 size) show an output power of 2.4 mW at 100 mA and a peak external quantum efficiency of 1.3% with a low efficiency drop. In addition, the LEDs exhibit a small blue-shift of only 11 nm as injection current increases from 5 to 100 mA. These results suggest the potential to produce high efficiency semipolar InGaN LEDs with long emission wavelength on large-area sapphire substrates with economical feasibility.
  17. Tung J, Ching JY, Ng YM, Tew LS, Khung YL
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017 Sep 13;9(36):31083-31094.
    PMID: 28832115 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08343
    The grafting of cyclopropylamine onto a silicon (100) hydride (Si-H) surface via a ring-opening mechanism using UV photoionization is described here. In brief, radicals generated from the Si-H surface upon UV irradiation were found to behave in classical hydrogen abstraction theory manner by which the distal amine group was first hydrogen abstracted and the radical propagated down to the cyclopropane moiety. This subsequently liberated the strained bonds of the cyclopropane group and initiated the surface grafting process, producing a thin film approximately 10-15 nm in height. Contact angle measurements also showed that such photoionization irradiation had yielded an extremely hydrophilic surface (∼21.3°) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also confirmed the coupling was through the Si-C linkage. However, when the surface underwent high-temperature hydrosilylation (>160 °C), the reaction proceeded predominantly through the nucleophilic NH2 group to form a Si-N linkage to the surface. This rendered the surface hydrophobic and hence suggested that the Si-H homolysis model may not be the main process. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first attempt reported in the literature to use photoionization to directly graft cyclopropylamine onto a silicon surface and in due course generate a highly rich NH-terminated surface that was found to be highly bioactive in promoting cell viability on the basis of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide studies.
  18. Pourshahrestani S, Zeimaran E, Kadri NA, Gargiulo N, Jindal HM, Naveen SV, et al.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017 Sep 20;9(37):31381-31392.
    PMID: 28836753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07769
    Chitosan-based hemostats are promising candidates for immediate hemorrhage control. However, they have some disadvantages and require further improvement to achieve the desired hemostatic efficiency. Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. The prepared scaffolds exhibited >79% porosity and showed increased water uptake compared to that in CXR. The results of coagulation studies showed that pure CHT and composite scaffolds exhibited increased hemostatic performance with respect to CXR. Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. The antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility of the prepared scaffolds were also assessed by a time-killing assay and an Alamar Blue assay, respectively. Our results show that the antibacterial effect of 50% Ga-MBG/CHT was more pronounced than that of CHT and CXR. The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. These results suggest that Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds could be a promising hemostatic candidate for improving hemostasis in critical situations.
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